Dehydration..• In Physiology

And Medicine, Dehydration (Hypohydration) Is Defined As The Excessive Loss Of Body Fluid.

CAUSES OF DEHYDRATION.1.Diarrhea

• Diarrhea Is An Increase In The Frequency Of Bowel Movements Or A Decrease In The Form Of Stool (Greater Looseness Of Stool……

2.Nausea and vomiting

• Nausea Is The Sensation That The Stomach Wants To Empty Itself, While

• Vomiting (Emesis) Or Throwing Up, Is The Act Of Forcible Emptying Of The Stomach.

3.Sweat…• The body can lose

significant amounts of water when it tries to cool itself by sweating. Whether the body is hot because of the environment (for example, working in a warm environment), intense exercising in a hot environment

3.FEVER• Is Considered A

Temperature Above 100.4 Degrees F (38 Degrees C).

• A Feverish Sensation, However, May Occur When The Body Temperature Is Above The Average Normal Of 98.6 Degrees F. (37 Degrees C).

4.Diabetes:• In People With Diabetes, Elevated Blood Sugar Levels Cause Sugar To Spill Into The

Urine And Water Then Follows, Which May Cause

Significant Dehydration. For This Reason,

Frequent Urination And Excessive Thirst Are Among

The Early Symptoms Of Diabetes.

5.Burns:

• The skin acts as a protective barrier for the body and is also responsible for regulating fluid loss.

6.Inability to drink fluids:

• The inability to drink adequately is the other potential cause of dehydration.

Symptoms Of Dehydration.1.Dry Mouth2.The Eyes Stop Making Tears4.Sweating May Stop5.Muscle Cramps6.Nausea And Vomiting7.Heart Palpitations8.Lightheadedness (Especially When Standing)9.Weakness10.Decreased Urine Output

TREATMENT OF DEHYDRATION…1 Homemade Fluid Known

As (Nimbu Pani). 1 quart (950 mL) water• ½ teaspoon (2.5 g) baking

soda• ½ teaspoon (2.5 g) table

salt• ¼ teaspoon (1.25 g) salt

substitute (potassium chloride.)

• 2 tablespoons (30 g) sugar• lemon.juice.

TREATMENT OF DEHYDRATION…

2. It Is Better To Drink Small Amounts Of Fluid Often (Using A Teaspoon Or Syringe For An Infant Or Child), Instead Of Trying To Force Large Amounts Of Fluid At One Time. Drinking Too Much Fluid At Once Can Bring On More Vomiting.

3. ORS oral rehydration salt or solution given by WHO &UNICEF.

4.For Severe Dehydrations IV fluids.

(Reduced osmolarity ORS) (grams/litre)

(Reduced osmolarity ORS )

(mmol/litre)

Sodium chloride 2.6 Sodium 75

Glucose, anhydrous 13.5 Chloride 65

Potassium chloride 1.5 Glucose, anhydrous 75

Trisodium citrate, dihydrate 2.9 Potassium 20

Citrate 10

Total Osmolarity 245

 NEW ORS FORMULA BY WHO AND UNICEF

Role of each ingredient…..1)water- Water Is The Essential Ingredient To A

Rehydration Solution,as A Solvent.2.Sodium Chloride- Sodium &Chloride

Replenisher.3.Glucose- It Provides Energy To The Cells.4.Potassium Chloride-Potassium Replenisher.5. Trisodium citrate, dihydrate ;Buffering

Agent.

Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)• Is A Simple Treatment For Dehydration Associated

With Diarrhea.• ORT Consists Of A Solution Of Salts And Sugars That

Is Taken By Mouth.• It Is Used Around The World, But Is Most Important

In The Developing World like India. • Where It Saves Millions Of Children A Year From

Death Due To Diarrhea.• Between 1980 and 2006, ORT decreased the

number of worldwide deaths from 5 million a year to 3 million a year.