Orbiter Test Flight Press Kit

8/8/2019 Orbiter Test Flight Press Kit

1/61

NASA NewsNationalAeronautics andSpace AdministrationWashington. D C 20546AC 202 755-8370

PressKit For Release I M M E D I A T EProject SPACE SHUTTLE O R B I T E RT E S T F L I G H T SERIES

R E L E A S E N O : 77-16


2/61

ii

R E L E A S E N O : 7 7 - 1 6

C O N T E N T S

G E N E R A L R E L E A S E ................................ 1-5S P A C E T R A N S P O R T A T I O N S Y S T E M ....................APPROACH AND L A N D I N G T E S T S ..................... 88-14F R E E F L I G H T P L A N ............................... 1 5 - 2 9A P P R O A C H A N D L A N D I N G T E S T T I M E L I N E ............. 31G R O U N D V I B R A T I O N T E S T S ......................... 3 2OR B IT ER AT?D SYSTEM S OV.101 ..................... 33-38O R B I T E R S Y S T E M S ................................ 39-48P H O T O G R A P H Y A N D T E L E V I S I O N ..................... 4 9S P A C E S H U T T L E A L T CREWS ........................ 50747 C A R R I E R A I R C R A F T CREW ...................... 50-51PROGRAM MANAGEMENT............................. 5 1S P A C E S H U T T L E P R O G R A M O F F I C I A L S ................ 5 2 - 5 6S P A C E S H U T T L E O R B I T E R . V 101C H R O N O L O G I C A L E V E N T S .......................... 5 7 - 5 9

.. _.


3/61

NASANewsNational Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationWashington.D C 20546AC 202 755 -8370

D a v i d G a r r e t tH e a d q u a r t e r s , W a s h i n g t o n , D.C.(Phone: 202/755-3090)

Fc lr ReleaseIMMFDIATE

Robert GordonJohnson Space C e n t e r , Houston, Tex.(Phone: 713/483-5111)

Ralph B. J a c k s o nD ry de n F l i g h t R e s e a r ch C e n t e r , E dw ar ds , C a l i f .(Phone: 805/258-3311)

RELEASE N O : 77-16

SPACE SHUTTLE O R B I T E R TEST FLIGHT SERIES T O B E G I N

The Sp ac e S h u t t l e o r b i t e r w i l l f l y t h i s y e ar f ol lo w i nga s e r i e s of t e s t t a x i ru n s and c a p t iv e f l i g h t t e s t s w h i l es t i l l a t t a c h e d t o i t s c a r r i e r a i r p l a n e . I n F e br ua ry , ay e a r - l o n g s e r i e s of low a l t i t u d e f l i g h t s t o v e r i f y t h ea er od yn am ic a nd f l i g h t c o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e f i r s tS h u t t l e O r b i t e r w i l l t a k e p l a c e a t NASA's D r y d e n F l i g h tR esea rch C e n t e r , E d w a r d s , C a l i f .

-more- Mailed:F e b r u a r y 4 , 1 9 7 7

t w o s o l i d r o c k e t b o o s t e r s an d an e x t e r n a l f u e l t a n k w hichf eeds t h e O r b i t e r ' s t h r e e e n g i ne s.


4/61

- 2 -

These O r b i t e r t e s t f l i g h t s , t h e A pp ro ac h anc? L a nd in gT e s t s (ALT) , arc! under t h e management of ?TASA's JohnsonSpace C e n te r , H ous ton , T ex . , and a r e be in g conduc ted a tDryden Center and the A i r F o rc e F l i g h t T e s t C e n t e r (AFFTC)l o c a t e d a t Edwards A i r Force Ease , C a l i f . T h i s t e s t s i t eh a s s e v e r a l d i s t i n c t a d va nt ag es i n c l u d in g a 4,570-meter( 1 5 , 0 0 0 - f o o t ) long by 90-rn (3 00 -f t . ) wide paved runway, i na d d i t i o n t o lakebed runways which a re e x t r e m e l y l o n g a n dwide ,

ALT i s a s e r i e s of f l i g h t s w it h a m o d i f i e d E o e i n g 747S h u t t l e Ca r r i e r A i r c r a f t (SCA) s e r v i n g a s a f e r r v a i r c r a f ta nd a i r b o r n e l a u n c h p l a t f o r m f o r t h e 6 7 ,5 0 9- ki lo g ra m ( 75 -t o n ) O r b i t e r , named t h e E n t e r p r i s e , The t e s t s b e g i n w i t hs e v e r a l t a x i t e s t s of t h e SCA, w i t h t h e O r b i t e r a t o p , f o l -l o w e d c l o s e l y by a s e r i e s of s i x i n e r t c a p t i v e f l i g h t sw i t h t h e jumbo j e t c a r r y i n g t h e unmanned O r b i t e r t o a l t i -t u d e s of 7 , 6 2 0 m ( 2 5 , 0 0 0 f t . ) .

The unmanned O r b i t e r c a p t i v e f l i g h t s are t o v e r i f y "per fo rm ance of t h e two v e h i c l e s i n m ated f l i g h t . They w i l lb e f o l l o w e d by f i v e c a p t i v e a c t i v e f l i g h t s i n which t h eO r b i t e r s y s t e m s w i l l b e po w er ed up a n d t h e E n t e r p r i s e w i l lbe manned by t w o NASA a s t r o n a u t s .

- m o r e -


5/61

-3-

These a c t i v e f l i g h t s a re d e s i g n e d t o v e r i f y crewp r o c e d u r e s a nd s y s te m s o p e r a t i o n s . A c t u a l r e l e a s e of t h eO r b i t e r from t h e S C A f i r s t o cc ur s i n a s u b s e q u e n t s e r i e so f f l i g h t s . , +

Up t o e i g h t f r e e f l i g h t s a re s c h e d u l e d w i t h t h eSCA S e rv i ng a s t h e a i r b o r n e p l a t f o r m fro m w hich t h e O r b i t e rw i l l b e l au nc he d. T he se f l i g h t s , w i t h NASA a s t r o n a u ts a tt h e c o n t r o l s o f t h e u npow ered O r b i t e r , a r e d e si g ne d t ov e r i f y t h e O r b i t e r ' s s u bs o ni c a i r w o r t h in e s s , i n t e g r a t e ds y s t e m s o p e r a t i o n s an d p i l o t - g u i d e d a nd a u t o m a t i c a p pr o ac hand l a n di n g c a p a b i l i t i e s .

The O r b i t e r , w or kh or se o f t h e S pa ce S h u t t l e p ro gr am ,i s d e s i g n e d t o be used a minimum o f 1 0 0 t i m e s . I t i s a sb i g a s a co mm erc ia l j e t l i n e r ( D C - 9 ) ; i t s empty weight i s6 8 , 0 0 0 kg ( 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 lb.); it i s 3 7 , 2 m ( 122 f t . ) i n l e n g t hand it h a s a wingspan of 23 .8 m ( 7 8 f t . ) . T h e O r b i t e r i st o be l a u n c h e d i n t o low E a r t h o r b i t e a r l y i n 1 9 7 9 , w i t hi t s t h r e e ma in e n g i n e s b e i n g a ug m en te d b y a p a i r of s o l i drocket b o o s t e r s .

The S pa ce S h u t t l e i s composed o f t h e O r b i t e r , t h et w o s o l i d r o c k e t b o o s t e r s a nd an e x t e r n a l f u e l t a nk w hichf eeds the O r b i t e r ' s t h r e e eng ines .

-more-


6/61

-4 -

T h e O r b i t e r i s a t t a c h e d t o t h e b a c k of t h e f u e l t an kand t h e s o l i d b o o s t e r s a r e a t t a c h e d t o ea ch s i d e of t h ee x t e r n a l t a n k . The s o l i d b o o s t e r s w i l l b e r e c o v e r e d , re-f u r b i s h e d a nd r e u s e d . The e x t e r n a l t a n k w i l l be j e t t i s o n e d ,b u t n o t recovered .

E n t e r p r i s e , t h e f i r s t O r b i t e r ( 1 0 1 ) be used i n t h eD ryden f l i g h t t e s t program, i s t h e f i r s t d eve lopm en t a r t i c l eo f t h e S h u t t l e pro gram t o come o f f t h e a ss em b ly l i n e . U nderc o n s t r u c t i o n s i n c e J un e 1 9 , 1 9 7 4 , t h e E n t e r p r i s e ' s m ainp a r t s c o m e f ro m n um er ou s a e r o s p a c e c o n t r a c t o r s t h r o u g h o u tt h e c o u n tr y .c a t e d by t h e p rim e c o n t r a c t o r , R oc kw ell I n t e r n a t i o n a l ' sS p ac e D i v i s i o n , Downey, C a l i f . ; t h e m i d - f u s e l a g e ( c a r g obay) by Gene ra l Dynamics, San Diego , C a l i f . ; wings by t h e

Grumman Aerospace Corp. of Bethpage , N . Y . ; and i t s t a i la ss em b ly by t h e F a i r c h i l d R e p ub li c C o . , F a r a i n g d a l e , N .Y .

The c r e w m od ule a nd a f t f u s e l a g e w e r e f a b r i -

The O r b i t e r ' s t h r e e m ain e n g i n e s , e a ch of w h i c h p r o v i d e2 . 1 m i l l i o n n e w t o n s ( 4 7 0 , 0 0 0 11-.) of t h r u s t a t l a u n c h , a reb e i n g b u i l t b y t h e R oc ke td yn e D i v i s i o n , R oc kw ell I n t e r -n a t i o n a l , Canoga P a r k , C a l i f .

- m o r e -


7/61

-5-

Enterprise was transferred from the Rockwell Inter-national assembly plant at Palmdale, Calif., to the DrydenCenter Jan. 31. At completion of ALTIthis first Orbiterwill be ferried atop the SCA to NASA's Marshall Space FlightCenter, Huntsville, Ala., where it will undergo extensiveground vibration tests. Subsequent to these tests it willreturn to the Rockwell facility at Palmdale and preparefor orbital flight sometime in the early 1980s.

The second Orbiter (102) currently under construc-tion, will be the first vehicle to be used in the ShuttleOrbital Flight Test (OFT) program which is scheduled tobegin in mid-1979. Six OFT flights are planned to demon-strate the Orbiter's capabilities in Earth orbit beforethe start of the Shuttle operational flights which arescheduled to begin in 1980.

(END OF GENERAL RELEASE. BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOLLOWS. )

.


8/61


9/61


10/61

-8-

SPACE T R A N S P O R T A T I O N SYSTEM

The Space Tr an sp or t a t io n Sys tem of t h e n e x t d e c a d ew i l l c o n s i s t of t h e S pa ce S h u t t l e , S p a c el a b an d u p pe r s t a g e st o p r o p e l p a y l o a d s b e y o n d t h e c a p a b i l i t y of t h e S h u t t l e t os yn ch ro no us o r b i t and t o t h e p l a n e t s .W ith t h e S pa ce S h u t t l e , t h e r a t h e r l a r g e s t a b l e ofl au nc h v e h i c l e s t h a t w e u s e t o d a y -- b o th c i v i l i a n andm i l i t a r y -- w i l l be g r e a t l y r e du c ed . The S h u t t l e w i l l beused t o p l a c e almost a l l o ur s a t e l l i t e s i n t o o r b i t and ,m o r e i m p o r t a n t l y , it w i l l have t h e c a p a b i l i t y t o r e t r i e v em a l f u n c t i o n i n g s a t e l l i t e s a n d r e p a i r t h e m i n o r b i t o r r e t u r nthem t o E a rt h . T h i s c a p a b i l i t y assumes p a r t i c u l a r impor-t a n c e w i t h t h e p r e d i c t e d g ro wi ng f u t u r e r e q u i r e m e n ts fora d d i t i o n a l w e a t h e r , E a r t h r e so ur ce s , com munica tion and nav i -g a t i o n a l s a t e l l i t e s . No l o n g e r w i l l it b e n e c e s s a r y t ow r i t e o f f a m u l t i - m i l l i o n - d o l l a r s a t e l l i t e due t o a m a l -f u n c t i o n f o l l o w i n g l a un c h.T h e S p a c e S h u t t l e w i l l be c a p a b a b l e of c a r r y i n g t h eS p ac e la b i n t o o r b i t . S p ac e la b , c a r r i e d i n th e S h u t t l e ca r gob a y , p r o v i d e s a s h i r t s l e e v e , p r e s s u r i z e d e nv ir on me nt f o rs c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l i n v e s t i g a t o r s t o work i n s p a c e .A i r l o c k s a n d a p a l l e t e x t e r n a l t o t h e p r e s s u r i ze d a r e a w i l lb e a v a i l a b l e f o r e xp er im e nt s t h a t r e q u i r e d i r e c t access t ot h e s p a c e e n v i r o n m e n t .For l u n a r and p l a n e t a r y m is s io n s , t h e S h u t t l e w i l lb e c a p a b l e of c a r r y i n g u pp er s t a g e s i n t o E a r t h o r b i t whichw i l l p r o p e l p r o b e s a nd s a t e l l i t e s i n t o o u t e r space. Theseu p p e r s t a g e s w i l l a l s o be used t o p la c e s a t e l l i t e s i n t oh igh geosynchronous o r b i t s .

APPROACH AN D L A N D I N G TESTS

The O r b i t e r Approach and Landing T e s t s program i s t ov e r i f y s u b s o n i c a i r w o r t h i n e s s , p i l o t - g u i d e d and au t o m at i cl an d in g c a p a b i l i t i e s o f t h e O r b i t e r . These t e s t s , whichw i l l b e co n d u c te d a t N A S A ' s D r y d e n F l i g h t R e s e a r c h C e n t e r ,Edwards A i r Force Base , C a l i f . , w i l l b e g in i n F e b ru a r y 1 9 7 7 ,w i t h a ser ies of unmanned and manned f l i g h t s mated on t o p ofa m odi f i ed 7 4 7 j e t l i n e r , t h e S h u t t l e Car r i e r A i r c r a f t ( S C A ) .(See ALT s c h e d u l e . )

-more-


11/61

. -.


12/61

-10-

The f i r s t t e s t s c a l l f o r t h e 1 0 1 v e h i c l e t o b e p l a c e do n t o p of t h e SCA f o r a number of t a x i r u n s o n t h e runwaya t Edwa rd s . The t a x i t e s t s w i l l be f o ll o we d by s i x c a p t i v ef l i g h t s w he re t h e unmanned O r b i t e r w i l l be c a r r i e d t o a na l t i t u d e of a pp ro xi ma te ly 7 , 6 0 0 m ( 25 ,0 0 0 f t . ) by t h e S C A ,b u t n o t r e l e a s e d .These unmanned c a p t i v e f l i g h t s w i l l be fo l lo w ed bya s e r i e s o f c a p t i ve f l i g h t s w i t h t h e ALT c r e w a b o a r d t h eO r b i t e r . These t e s t s a re d e s i g n e d t o v e r i f y m ost of t h eO r b i t e r ' s sys tem s and c r e w p r o c e d u r e s a s w e l l a s p r ov i des o m e v e r i f i c a t i o n o f O r b i t e r dy nam ics an d c o n t r o l l a b i l i t y .A se r ies of manned f r e e f l i g h t s w i l l be conduc tedb e gi n ni n g i n J u l y 1977. T h e O r b i t e r w i l l be c a r r i e d a l o f t ,released f r o m t h e 7 4 7 c a r r i e r and f lown t o an unpoweredlanding four t o f i v e m i n u t e s l a t e r on a d r y l a k e bed land-i n g s t r i p a t Edwards. The S C A , s p e c i f i c a l l y r o d i f i e d f o rt h e s e t e s t f l i g h t s , will c a r r y t h e O r b i t e r t o an a l t i t u d eof abou t 8 , 500 m ( 2 8 , 0 0 0 f t . ) . All d a t e s , f l i g h t p r o f i l e s ,f l i g h t t i m e s a n d p r o c e d u r e s are s u b j e c t t o c h an ge a s t h ep r o g r a m p r o g r e s s e s .

T a x i T e s tEdwards A F B . All t a x i t e s t s w i l l be s c h e d u l e d e a r l y i n t h em o rn in g t o m in im iz e p ro b le m s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h e a t b u i l d - upi n t h e t i r e s and b rake sys t em .

The t a x i t e s t s w i l l be conducted on Runway 0 4 - 2 2 a t

The f i r s t ru n of t h e mated c o n f i g u r a t i o n ( O r b i t e r /S h u t t l e Ca r r i e r A i r c r a f t ) s t a r t s a t t h e e nd of t h e r u n w a yw i t h t h e v e h i c l e t r a v e l i n g s ou th we st t o n o r t h e a s t . T h et e s t w i l l be t e rm ina ted w hen th e a i r p l a n e r e ac h es a speedof 75 kno t s . A f t e r an i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e t i r e s a n d b r a k e s ,t h e s e c o n d t e s t w i l l b e gi n w i t h t h e a i r p l a n e t r a v e l i n g upt o a s p e e d o f 1 2 0 knots , when normal b r a k i n s w i l l b e a p p l i e d .The f i n a l ru n w i l l be performed a t a maximum speedof 1 3 5 k n o t s . T h r u s t reve rse rs , i n a d d i t i o n t o normalb r a k i n g a n d s pe e d b r a k e s , w i l l be a p p l i e d .

C a p t i v e I n e r t F l i g h t sS i x f l i g h t s w i t h a n unmanned i n e r t O r b i t e r a re p lanned .These t e s t s a re c o nc e rn e d w i t h v e r i f y i n g p e rf o rm a n ce , s t a -b i l i t y and c o n t r o l , f l u t t e r m argin a nd b u f f e t c h a r a c t e r i s -t i c s o f t h e mated c o n f i g u ra t io n i n f l i g h t p a t t e r n s s i m i l a rt o t h e manned O r b i t e r f r e e f l i g h t s and t o i n s u r e s a f e o pe ra -tion of t h e c om bined v e h i c l e c o n f i g u r a t i o n .

- m o r e -


13/61

-11-

The combined weight of the two vehicles, dependentupon flight requirements, will vary frov about 2 6 5 , 3 5 0 1:g( 5 8 5 , 0 0 0 lb.) to about 285,770 kg ( 6 3 0 , 0 0 9 l b . ) . The inertOrbiter will weigh 68,000 kg (150,000 l b . ) .

Flights and primary objectives are as follows:Flight 1 - Obtain evaluation of low speed performanceand handling qualities.Flight 2 - Interim evaluation of stability and controlcharacteristics and completion of airspeedsystems calibration.Flight 3 - Complete basic flutter and stabilitytesting, and explore minimum flyingspeed for heavy and light gross weight

conditions at several 747 flap settings.Flight 4 - Investigation of marcjinal operationalcharacteristics and simulated engine-out conditions.Flight 5 - These two flights will be similar, forand 6 the most part, with primary purpose ofevaluating the performance and proceduresassociated with the launch attempt ofthe Orbiter from the 747. Waximum alti-

tude and speed will be 7,620 m (25,000ft.), and 5 0 9 km/hr (275 knots).

Captive Active Orbiter (Manned Testing)Astronaut crews will be aboard the Orbiter durinu thesix active captive flights which are designed to determinethe optimum separation profile based on inert test results,refine and finalize Orbiter and SCA crew procedures andevaluate Orbiter integrated systems operations. F i v e ofthe flights will be with the Orbiter tailcone attached andthe sixth with the tailcone off. The tailcone is an aero-dynamic fairing to reduce buffeting on the 747 tail surfaces.Its use permits higher altitudes. It will be used on all

747-Orbiter ferry flights.

-more-

. -.


14/61

-1-2-

T h e c a p t i v e a c t i v e f l i g h t s and t h e i r p r im a r yo b j e c t i v e s a re :F l i g h t 1 - The f i r s t manned O r b i t e r mated t e s t w i l l

go t o a n a l t i t u d e of 7 ,225 m ( 2 3 , 7 0 0 f t . ) and f l v t h r e et i m e s a ro un d t h e " r a c e t r a c k " c o u r se ( a p p r o x i n a t e l y 67 by2 4 km (40 hy 1 4 m i . ) .o p e r a t i o n a l c h e ck s a nd s ys te m s o p e r a t i o n s .f l i g h t , l o w speed 435 km/hr (235 k t s ) and h i gh speed 480km/hr ( 2 6 0 k t s ) f l u t t e r c h e c k s w i l l he performed t o e v a l u -a t e O r b i t e r s t r u c t u r a l dyn.amic re sp o ns e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .O n t h e i n b o u n d l e q of t h e t h i r d c i r c u i t , a r ou nd t h e r a ce -t r a c k , a pushover and s e p a r a t i o n t r a j e c t o r y w i l l be f lowna t 480 km/hr ( 2 60 k t s ) t o c o l l e c t s e p a r a t i m p er fo rm an ce d a t a .

T h e O r b i t e r c r e w w i l l per form normalD ur in g t h i s

F l i g h t 2 - T h i s flight is dedicated to the v e r i f i -c a t i o n of t h e s e p a r a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s and t o l e r a n c e s , a sw e l l a s c h ec k s o f t h e O r b i t e r ' s a v i o n i c s s y st em s a nd f u r -t h e r p r o c e d u r e s d ev el op m en t. A s i n t h e f i r s t f l i g h t , t h e7 47 w i l l f l y t h r e e t i m e s a ro un d t h e ra c e t r a c k t r a j e c t o r y .On th e i n bo u n d l e g o f t h e s e c o nd c i r c u i t a r o u n d t h e race-t r a c k , a p us ho ve r a nd s e p a r a t i o n t r a j e c t o r y w i l l be f lowna t 500 km/hr ( 2 7 0 k t s ) t o c o l l e c t s e p a r a t i o n p e rf or m an c ed a t a . D ur in g f i n a l d e s c e n t , t h e S CA /O rb ite r m at ed c o n f i g -u r a t i o n w i l l f l y t h ro ug h t h e a u to l an d t r a j e c t o r y .

F l i g h t s 3-5 - The t h i r d , f o u r th and f i f t h f l i g h t sa re d e d i c a t e d t o f u r t h e r r e f in e m e nt an d d e m o ns t ra t io n o fs e p a r a t i o n p r oc e d ur e s ( s h o r t o f a c t u a l r e l e a s e ) , s e p a r a t i o na b o r t t e c h n iq u e s , c h a s e a i r c r a f t o p e r a t i o n s a nd p er fo rm an ce sof a v i o n i c s t e s t s .A f t e r t h e f i f t h manned c a p t iv e f l i g h t w i t h t h e t a i l -cone on , t h e f i r s t of f i v e f r e e f l i g h t s w i th t a i l c o n e ona r e p la n n e d . T h e s e w i l l be f o l l o w e d by t h e s i x t h mannedc a p t i v e f l i g h t w i t h t h e t a i l c o n e o f f .F l i g h t 6 - P u r p o s e of t h i s f l i g h t i s t o d e m o n s t r a t et h e s e p a r a t i o n p e rf or ma nc e a nd f l i g h t w o r t h i n es s o f t h eO r b i t e r a nd 747 i n a t a i l c o n e o f f c o n f i gu r a t io n . O r b i t e rand 747 c r e w s w i l l g o th r ou g h t h e p r e s e p a r a t i o n p r o c e d u re sa s w i l l b e p erfo rm ed i n t h e f r e e f l i g h t , s h o r t of s e p a r a t i o n .Based on t h e 7 4 7 b u f f e t i n g e x p er i en c e w i t h t h e t a i l -cone off on f l i q h t 6 , a d e c i s i o n w i l l b e made w h e th e r t op ro ce ed w i t h t h e s i x t h , s ev e nt h and e i g h t h f r e e f l i g h t s wi tht a i l c o n e o f f .

-more-


15/61

-13-

Free Flights - ALTA se r ies of up to e i g h t f r e e f l i g h t s are s c h e d u l e dt o fodlow t h e manned c a p t i v e f l i g h t s a t Dryden Center .The free f l i g h t s are d e s i g n e d t o v e r i f y O r b i t e r s u b so n ic

airworthiness, i n t e g r a t e d . system o p e r a t i o n s and p i l o t - g u i d e dapproach and la n d in g c a p a b i l i t y and s a t i s f y i n g p r e r e q u i s i t e st o automatic f l i g h t c o n t r o l and n a v i g a t i o n mode.f i v e f r e e f l i g h t s w i l l be flown w5tih t a i l c o n e on. The f i r s tThe t a i l c o n e on f l i g h t s w i l l g e n e r a l l y f o l lo w t h i s

The f l i g h t p a t h of t h e O r b i t e r and 7 4 7 f o l l o w s a race-p a t t e r n :

t r a c k p a t t e r n with s e p a r a t i o n o c c u rr i n g w h e n the v e h i c l e sare a b o u t 1 3 km (8 m i . ) t o t h e r i g h t and f l y i n g p a r a l l e lt o t h e l a nd in g runway. From t h e se pa ra t i on p o b t , t h eO r b i t e r w i l l f l y a U-shaped ground t r a c k t o runway.down t o -6 d e g r e e s an d a c c e l e r a t e t o e s t a b l i s h equilibriumg l i d e c o n d i t i o n s of 270 k n o ts e q u i v a l e n t a i r speed ( K E A S )and -9.2 d e gr ee s f l i g h t p a t h a n g le .O r b i t e r p i l o t will i n i t i a t e s e p a r a t io n by a rm in g a nd f i r i n ga se r ies o f e x p l os iv e b o l t s a t an a l t i t u d e of a b o u t 6,700 m( 2 2 , 0 0 0 f t . ) a bo ve ru nw ay l e v e l .

A t s e p a r a t i o n , t h e O r b i t e r p i l o t will corn-and a p i t c hup maneuver which w i l l p r ov id e a v e r t i c a l s e p a r a t i o n of moret h a n 60 m ( 2 0 0 f t . ) i n ab o ut f i v e se co nd s. T h e 7 4 7 w i l lt u r n l e f t w h i l e th e O r b i t e r t u r n s r i g h t t o p ro v id e h o ri zo n-t a l s e p a r a t io n . The O r b i t e r crew w i l l t h e n p e r f o r m a se r iesof t e s t m an eu ve rs t o o b t a i n d a t a o n t h e O r b i t e r ae rodynam ics ,f l i g h t c o n t r o l and s y s t e m s o p e r a t i o n .t h e O r b i t e r w i l l p i t c h down, a c c e l e r a t e t o 270 K E A S and thenper fo rm a p r a c t i c e l an d in g ( a t 1 8 ,0 0 0 ft. a l t i t u d e ) , a llo w-i n g t h e a i r s p e ed t o d e c r e as e t o 1 8 5 KEAS w h i l e e v a l u a t i n gt h e f l y i n g q u a l i t i e s o f t h e O r b i t e r .

and, a t t h e same t i m e , i n i t i a t e t h e f i r s t of tw o C 0-degreet u r n s t o t h e l e f t which w i l l a l i g n it w i t h a la ke be d runway.

T o p e r fo r m t h e s e p a r a t i o n m an eu ve r, the 747 will p i t c h

A t t h i s p o i n t , the

On t h e f i r s t f l i g h t

The O r b i t e r p i l o t w i l l t h en p i t c h down t o a c c e l e r a t e

A t t h e c o m p le t io n o f t h e se co nd t u r n , t h e O r b i t e r i sa l i g n e d w it h t h e runway a t an a l t i t u d e of l,98g m ( 6 , S O nf t . ) and a b ou t 3.4 km ( 9 m i . ) f rom th e touchdow n po in t ,s p e e d 270 K E A S , f l i g h t p a t h -9 d e g r e e s .

-more-

.. _.


16/61

F i r s t f l a r e ( p r e f l a r e ) s t a r t s a t an a l t i t u d e o f 370 m( 9 0 0 f t . ) , and t r a n s f e r s t o t h e O r b i t e r from t h e - 9 d e g r e eg l i d e s l o p e t o a -1 .5 d e g re e g l i d e s l o p e . The la n d i n g g e a ri s d e? lo ye d s h o r t l y a f t e r w a r d , a t a b o u t 1 0 5 m ( 3 5 0 f t . ) a l t i -t u de and t h e l an d in g f l a r e ( f i n a l f l a r e ) i s i n i t i a t e d a ts l i g h t l y l e s s than 30 m (100 f t . ) a l t i t u d e . The f i n a l f l a r ee s t a b l i s h e s a s i n k r a t e o f a p pr ox im a te ly 3 f e e t p e r s e co ndwhich i s he ld t o touchdown. Touchdown a i r s p ee d i s a b o u t 18nKEAS a n d e l a p s e d t i m e f ro m s e p a r a t i o n t o to uch do wn i s a b o u t5 m i n u t e s , 1 5 seconds .

Because of t h e i n c r e a s e d d r a g when t h e s t r e a m l i n e dO r b i t e r t a i l c o n e i s removed , th e m a x i m u m a l t i t u d e t h e 747can a c h ie v e and t h e d i s t a n c e t h e O r b i t e r c an g l i d e a f t e rr e l e a s e , a r e r ed uc ed . T hu s, for t a i l c o n e o f f f l i g h t s , t h eO r b i t e r w i l l be launched a t an a l t i t u d e o f 5 , 4 P n t o 5,6r)n m( 1 7 , 7 0 0 t o 1 8 , 3 0 0 f t . ) a b ov e ru nw ay l e v e l . a n d 1 9 .3 k m (12m i . ) f r o m t h e e n d of t h e r un wa y. L au nc h a nd s e p a r a t i o n pro-c e d u r e s w i l l b e t h e s a m e a s f o r t h e t a i l c o n e on f l i g h t s , b u tt h e O r b i t e r w i l l f l y a " s t r a i g h t i n " a p pr oa ch t o t h e runwayi n s t e a d of t h e U -sh ap ed g r o un d t r a c k f l o w n w i t h t a i l c o n e on.

Approach speed w i l l be 290 K E A S , f l i g h t p a t h - 2 4 d e g r e e sand p r e f l a r e w i l l s t a r t a t an a l t i t u d e o f 600 m ( 2 , 0 0 0 ft.).L an di ng g e a r d ep lo ym e nt , f i n a l f l a r e an d l a n d i n g w i l l bes i m i l a r t o t a i l c o n e on f l i q h t s . F l i g h t t i m e f r o m r e l e a s et o l a n d i n g w i l l be t w o and a h a l f m i n ut es o r less.

F

-more-


17/61

-15-

FIZEE FLIGHT ?LANF l i g h t C o n f i g u r a t io n D e s c r i p t i o n M ajo r O b j e c t i v e s1 T a i l c o n e o n P rac t i c e f l a r e a t Manual l an d in g

180 d e g r ee t u r n G e n t le b r a k i n gLake bed l and ing Nose w h e e l s t e e r i na1 i i1d.e H an dl i ng q u a l i t i e s

2 T a i l c o n e o n T e s t i n p u t s a t T e s t i n p u t s f o r300 k t s h i g h s p e e d , l o w1.8g t u r n s p e e d a n d w i t hT e s t i n p u t s a t s p e e d b r a k e45-degree speed N o s e w h e e l s t e e r i nLake bed la n d in g

2 0 0 k t s T ur n m a n e u v e r a b i l ib ra k e w i t h i n p u t s

3

4

5

T a i l c o n e o n

T a i l c o n e o n

T a i l c o n e o n

T e s t i n p u t s a t T e s t i n p u t s f o r300 k t s h i g h s p e e d , low1 . 8 g t u r n s p e e d a n d w i t hT e s t i n p u t s a t s p e e d b r a k e2 0 0 k t s Turn m a n e u v e r a b i l i35-degree speed N o s e w he el s t e e r i nb r ak e w i t h i n p u t sLake bed l a nd in gFCS* mode sw it ch in q V e ri fy FCS modesM anual d i r e c t FCS a n d s w i t c h i n g180-degree t u rn Au to gu idanc eAuto FCS S t e e r i n g w i t h d i f -Closed loop a u t o f e r e n t i a l b ra ki ng

g u i d a n c e t o abovep r e f l a r e a l - t i t ud . eLake bed landing1 80 -d eg re e s i d e C o n c r et e l a n d i n ga p p r o a c h t o Braking on pavedc o n c r e t e l a n d i n g s u r f a c e4 5 d e g r e e s p e e d A u t ol an d i n f o r -b r a k e m a t i o n

Before commitment t o t h e s i x t h f r e e f l i g h t , a h igh-s pe ed t a i lc o n e - o f f t a x i t e s t w i l l be performed.. Ift h i s i s s a t i s f a c t o r y , t h e s i x t h c a p t i v e manned t a i l -cone o f f f l i g h t w i l l be per formed. Rased on t h eb u f f e t i n g e x p e r i e n c e d , a d e c i s i o n w i l l be made t op ro ce ed w i t h t h e s i x t h , s e v e nt h an d e i g h t h f r e ef l i g h t s w i t h t a i l c o n e o f f .

* FCS - F l i g h t C o n t r o l S ub sy ste m- m o r e -

.- -.


18/61

-16-

Flight Configuration De script n Major Objectives6 Tailcone off Practice flare at Manual landingaltitude Handling qualities7 Tailcone off Auto FCS Auto guidance450degree speed Speed brakebrake modulationClosed loop autoguidance to abovepreflare altitudeSpeed brake retractionLake bed landing8 Tailcone off Closed loop auto Auto guidanceguidance and speed Auto 1andin.gbrake modulationto touchdawn

Lake bed landing

-more-


19/61

- 1 7 -

1\II

Y\t2 11-25818 -

1IIII

r - - - - - - - -I1III II

I

-more-. -.


20/61


21/61

.

_.


22/61


23/61

f ' CAFTIVE ACTIVE 1 1M GO

.

,.

. .1 * . . .. *

1 . ...

.J.b '


24/61

-more-


25/61

I

4 -0 .(DI

ALT FREE FLIGHT 2 d25- A CTI O N1 .ITEM TIME ALT (AGL) KE&S a 0

1 0:Ml 2 2 1 0 0 260 10 . 5 S E P ; 6 = 2"/SEC, 3 SEC;6 = 0. 2 SEC

3 0 : 3 3 1 8 2 0 0 2 9 5 , 5 -10 6 = 2'/SEC TO O = -3 " TO H OL DAS = 3 0 04 0 : 3 5 1 7 6 0 0 3 0 0 5 -3 P TI S ; S T I CK I NP UTS (TO TA L 35 SEC)5 1 : l O Jm Q 30 0 5. -3.- - = l P / S E E - W D = 3; ROLL LEFT 53"HOLD N = 1.89 ( a 13") TURN TO

$ = 2 2 0 " ~6 1 : 5 0 1 2 4 0 0 2 3 0 9 10 0 = 0; 6 = -1 " /SEC TO 0 2 HOLD7, ? : 0 5 1 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 9 2 P T I S ; S T I C K I N P U T S ( 3 5 S EC )

AS = 2 0 0

a 2 : 4 0 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 . 9 2 ROLL LEFT + = 3 0 " ; b = -1 " / S E CTQ o = -9 " TURN TO $ 1 7 5 "9 3 : 2 8 5 5 0 0 2 6 0 5 -9 6 l " / S E C T O o = -7'; SB = 50%HOLD AS = 2 7 0 ; S T I CK I NP UTS (1 5 S EC '

10 4 : 0 8 2000 I 2 70 5 -7 S 8 4 D1 1 4 : 2 0 9 0 0 2 7 0 5 - 7 I N I T I A T E P R EF L AR E1 2 4 : 3 51 3 4 : 5 51 4 5 : l O 0 9 0 --1 5 5 : 2 5 0 60 --

3 5 0 2 5 0 6 4 A T A S = 250 , OEPLOY GEAR0 1 7 5 1 1 1 1 T .O . AS < 2 2 0 ; h < 1 0 fp s

-- AT AS = 90, ENGAGE NWS-- LOW TO MODERATE BRAKIN G AS R EQUIREDW E N A S < 6 0-

hLT UCLlalOoOI

1.86'TURN

I- .

... .

WT = 1 5 0 , 0 0 0C G = 64.470 (1070.84 )

3 -

- 7

- 2 . 5N . M I .

IKL'I


26/61

, ltar tQ 1M twl;s) ,, ltLAt a , , , $ . , , L , , ( ,, , ,1 0:bb til@ 260 16

9 3:14 r(00 MO S 4 b 1 SI C TO o -7'; OB n Ibr MOLDA 26;STlCK 1"grTS J l S SLC) , ,t - ' Iw.P1-I 2 3 4 Sk .Mt.

I .


27/61

,

..-.


28/61

ALT FREE FLIGHT 5

1

SEC. BRAKE HARD 5 SEC1 B R A K E HARD 5 SEC

IALT (AGL)(X1000)

\5 c \


29/61

_ALTFREE FLIGHT 6I T E M T I M E A L T ( A G L ) K E A S (1 . 5 AC T I ON

17200 260 10 .5 S E P ; ' = 2 " / S E C , 3 S E C ;I 1 0:oo . = 0 . 2 SE C6. 5 R O L L R I G H T ; = 20"; ' = - 2 " / S E C= -5 " R O L L = 0; O N T I N U E2 0:05 17000 244 8 A T = - 2 " / S E C T O = - 2 2 -

A T A S = 255 I N I T I A T E P R A C T I C EF L A R E = 2 " / S E C , C O N T I N U EF L A R E T O H O L D h = 0; AS = 185

255 5 -2 20:23 14300I185 11 11 A T A S = 185; ' = - 2 " / S E C T O= - 2 2 "4 0 : 55 12200

A T A S = 285 ' = l " / S E C T O= -17" TO HOLD AS 29 05 1:40 4600 285 4 - 2 2

I N I T I A T E P R E F LA R E 2 " / SE CA T A S = 250 DEPLOY GEAR

6 1 : 52 2000 29 0 4 -177 2:07 350 250 6 38 2 : 2 7 09 2 : 3 0 0 16 0 --

175 11 11 T . D . A S 2 2 0 ; h 10 f p s-- B R A K E A S R E Q U I R E D

AL T (AGL)o(1000)2 5 r

S E P

P R A C T I C EF L A R E

P R A C T I C EI '\- F L A R E a EAFB

U S - 58GI ENT

< .. .\: ''. A .

VbTC G

-10 N.hll.I I150,00065" (1076 7 )eAI LC ON E O F F

0 1 2 3TIME (MINI


30/61

t . .

I .- --U1000)

/-


31/61

ALT FREE FLIGHT 8I I TE M T I M E A L T (A G L ) K E A S a 0 A CTI O N I

26 0 10 .5 SEP; b = Z " / S E C , 3 SEC;1 0:oo 1 7 2 0 0 6 = 0, 2 SEC

us - 5 82 0 : 0 5 1 7 0 0 0 2 5 0 7 6. 5 ROLL RIGHT @ = 2 0 " ; 6 = -2"/SECA T O -5 " ROLL 0 = 0; CONTINUE6 = -2O/SEC TO 0 = -2 2 "3 0: lO 1 5 5 0 0 2 3 8 5 -2 2 6 = 0; ACCELERATE TO 290, FLYGUIDANCE ERROR NEEDLES TO LI N EUP O N L O CA L I ZE R ( + = 1 7 5 ) A NDGLIDESLOPE (0 - 2 0 . 5 )

I4 0 : 3 8 10400 29 0 4 -20 .5 FLY GUIDANCE ERROR NEEDLES ANDSB B RA KE COM MAN DS ~ 3 5 %5 0 : 44 90 00 290 4 -20 .4 WHEN THE GUIDANCE NEEDLES ARECENTERED , ENGAGE AUTO FCS(WHICH INCLUDES AUTO SB )40Y0I

6 1 00 5 3 0 0 2 9 0 4 -20 .4 CHANGE FCS TO CSS AND BACK TOAUTO (SET MAN SB TO CMDEO PRIORTO SWTCHNG FCS MODES)7 1 : l O 31 00 29 0 4 -20 .4 MONITOR AUTO SB RETRACTION8 1 : 1 5 2 0 0 0 2 9 0 4 -20 .4 MONITOR PREFLARE9 1:30 50 0 25 0 6 3 DEPLOY GEAR ON GEAR DEPLOY LI T EOR 250 KEAS

10 1 : 5 2 0 17 5 11 11 MONITOR TD11 1 : 5 5 0 16 0 -- - - BRAKE AS REQUIRE0

S B E 35 % e EAFBVO R\

/II

I

/ I \\\IM Y I /

25 rWT = 150 ,000CG = 65% (1076.7)

ALT (AGLIo(1000)

0 1 2 3TIME (MINI


32/61

SHUTTLE ORBITER/747 APPROACHAND LANDING TEST SEPARATION

302520

1 o m 1510

ALTITUDEie a(DI

5C

2

20

115

0

\


33/61

-31-

APPROACH AND L A N D I N G T E S T T I M E L I N E

O r b i t e rDryden V e h i c l e ( O V - 1 0 1 ) o v e r la n d t oC e n t e rT a x i r u n s a n d b e g F n c a p t i v e i n e r tf l i g h t s ( 6 )B e g i n c a p t i v e a c t i v e f l i g h t s ( m a n n e dO r b i t e r ) ( 5 )B eg in manned f r e e f l i g h t s (up t oC onclu de f e r r y f l i g h t p h as e ( 3 )F e r ry f l i g h t t o M a r sh al l C e nt er ,

8 )

Ala.

J a n u a r y

F e b r u a r y

May 19?7

1 9 7 7

1 9 7 7

J u l v I 9 7 7March 197PMarch 1 3 7 8

-more-


34/61

- 3 2 -

GROUND V I B R A T I O N TESTS

O r b i t e r 1 0 1 w i l l b e f e r r i e d fro m D ryden F l i g h t R es ea r chC e n t e r , C a l i f . , t o t h e M ar sh a ll So ac e F l i q h t C e n t e r ,H u n t s v i l l e , A l a . , f o r g ro un d v i b r a t i o n t e s t s i n March 1 9 7 8 .

I t w i l l be mated i n the Dynamic T e s t F a c i l i t y a tM a rs h al l t o t h e 46-m ( 1 5 4- f t. ) t a l l e x t e r n a l ta nk and s o l i db o o s t e r s , a s it w ou ld f o r a c t u a l l a u n c h . The t a n k i nf l i g h t w i l l c a r r y t h e 6 75 ,0 00 k g ( 1 . 5 m i l l i o n lb.) ofl i q u i d h yd ro ge n a nd l i q u i d oxygen p r o p e l l a n t s f o r t h eO r b i t e r ' s t h r e e main e n g in e s . The t w o s o l i d b o o s te r sw i l l b e a t t a c h e d t o t h e e x t e r n a l t a n k . T h i s 56-m ( 1 8 4 -f t .1 -t a l l v e h i c l e w i l l undergo l o w l e v e l s t r e s s t e s t s d u r i n g t h elaunc h phase , when a l l t h e S h u t t l e e n g in e s -- t h e t h r e e maine n g in e s o f t h e O r b i t e r a nd t h e two s o l i d b o o s t e r s -- f i r es i m u l t a n e o u s l y f u r n i s h i n g 30 m i l l i o n n e w t o n s ( 6 . 8 m i l l i o n l b . )o f t h r u s t .T h e v i b r a t i o n t e s t s a r e d e s i g n e d t o g a i n i n f o r m a t i o nneeded f o r a n a l y s i s o f f l i g h t c o n t r o l s t a b i l i t y and dynamicl o a d s d u r i n g t h e l au n ch a nd f l i g h t p h as e s o f t h e m is s io n .The t e s t s w i l l b e c o n d uc t ed i n a modi f i ed t e s t s t an d i nwhich t he e n t i r e I l l - m ( 3 6 3 - f t . ) - t a l l A p ol lo S a t u r n Vunderwent s i m i l a r v i b r a t i o n t e s t s i n t h e mid 1 9 6 0 s .

- m o r e -


35/61


36/61

-more-


37/61

/----- /-----I

D I S P L A Y S b C O ! i l R O L S

' F u e l C e l l Y e t e r s, C a b i n P r e s s u r et F u e l C e l l P u r g eI C r p l t e r S t r tu sb C o a p u t e r sB I n t e r i o r L l p h t l n Q

_ _ ~ _

~

I CR T K eyboards* F1 g h t C o n t r o l System Channe l' A i r Dat r P robee C o n w n i c r t i o n s / N a v i g I t i o nTr im / B ody F lapI n v e r t e r / F w l C e l l C i r c u l t B r e r k r r rD F l i g h t t e n t r o l #odes ( c o m n d c r ' s iE v e n t s S q u e n c r ( C o l u n d e r ' s )e F l i q h t C e n t r a l W a s ( P i l o t ' s ). v r n t r eq ue nc e ( P i l o t ' s )8 - b ~ l o c k ( C m n u n d e r ' r )P r i r u r y F l i g h t C o n t r ol S y s t m R e se tC o u n d r r ' r P r i m a r y F l i g h t I n s t r u m e n tsLand ing b 4 rC R T ' s

w C a u t i o n L Y l r n i q, rrhct h i t l m n d i c a t o r sB h c k q F l i g h t C o n t rc l DisplaysF i r e P r o t u t i e mD P i l o t ' s P r i m r y F l i l h t I n st -t s. A u x i l i a r y Pcuor Uni?JHydraul icr Displaysv Lending 6..r

&Day C l K k ( P i l o t ' s ). i )h t Cmtrollw h r ~~E n r l m r n t a l C on tr ol L L l f e S u p p o r t S i s t a.-mal I m t r o m t a t i o nT r i d W y F l a pAulfrCabin T a p m a t u r eC i r c u i t B r e a k e r sPower D 1 s t r i u t o nD e v e l o p le n t F l i g h t I n r t r u m e n t a t ' o nH y d r d u ~ l c s I A u x i i l a r y o we r . n i tF d e l C e l '. ud io. l r ; d : r e a k e r s -H y d r a u l i c sA , x i 1 i a r v Power Jn : t l e a t e r s. a ~ t i o n d a rn i ng. . t i l i t y P ow er J u t l e t


38/61

- 3 6 -

Tw o e j e c t i o n s e a t s ys te ms a r e i n s t a l l e d i n t h e f l i g h ts t a t i o n .and a r e u s e d f o r c r e w s e a t i n g d u r i ng normal o p e r a t i o n sa n d f o r e m e rg en cy e s c a p e .Mid-Deck - The e l e c t r i c a nd e l e c t r o n i c c o n t r o l e qu ip me nt

o f t h e O r b i t e r a re c o n ta i ne d i n t h e a v i o n i c b a y s o f t h emid-deck. N o r m a l c r e w i n g r e s s - e g r e s s a nd e me rg en cy e g r e s si s p r o v id e d b y a 1 .0 2- m - (4 0 -in ch ) d i a m e te r h a t c h l o c a t e don t h e p o r t s i d e of the mid-deck . I n t h e o p e r a t i o n a l v e h i c l e s ,t h e mid-deck c o n s t i t u t e s t h e l i v i n g q u a r t e r s o f p a s se n ge r sand c r e w .L o w e r S e c t i o n - The l ower sec t ion c o n t a i n s t h e equipmentb ay wh ic h ho u se s t h e e n v ir o nm e n ta l c o n t r o l a n d l i f e s u p p o r ts y s t e m (ECLSS) n e c e s s a r y t o c o n t r o l c a b i n a n d a v i o n i c s b a yt e m p e r a tu r e , h u m id i t y a nd t o d i s t r i b u t e c o nd it io n ed a i r t ot h e c a b i n .Mid Fuselage - The mid f u s e l a g e , s i m i l a r i n c o n s t r u c t i o nt o t h e f or wa rd f u s e l a g e , i s a s e c t i o n 1 8 . 6 m ( 6 1 f t . ) whichp r o v i d e s t h e s u p p o r t f o r t h e O r b i t e r p a y l o a d s . Two p a y l o adb ay d o o r s o f g r a p h i t e e p ox y honeycom b c o n s t r u c t i o n f i t a t o pth e mid f u s e l a g e f or m in g a c a r g o b a y o f 1 8 . 3 x 4.6. m( 6 0 f t . x 1 5 f t . ) .A f t F u s e l a q e - The a f t f u s e l a g e i s a p p r o x im a te ly 5 . 4 9 m(18 f t . ) l o n g , 6 . 7 m ( 2 2 f t . ) w id e a nd 6 . 1 m ( 2 0 f t . ) h ig h .The a f t f u s e l a g e s u p p o r t s a nd i n t e r f a c e s w i t h t h e re mo va bleOM S pods , t w o wing s p a r s , v e r t i c a l t a i l a s s e m b ly , b o d y f l a p ,t w o e x t e r n a l t an k a f t a t t a c h m e n t s t h e t h r e e ma in e n g i n e sa n d t h r e e a v i o n i c s bays .

- more -


39/61

CONVENTIONAL ALUMINUM STRUCTUREMAXIMUM TEMPERATURE 450 K (350 F )PROTECTED BY REUSABLE SURFACE INSULATION

CREW MODULE AN DFORWARD FUSELAGE

S K I N / S T R I N G E R. C A B I N , FL OA TI N GY MID FUSELAGEO R B I T E R S T R U C T U R E

AFT FUSELAGE

*ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB BASE HE

\.\\\ERTICAL TAIL0 S K I N / S T R I N G E R F I N C OHONEYCOMB RUDDER COVMACHINED SPARSS H E E T N E T A L R I B SS K I N / S T R I N G E R*HONEYCOMB PANELS

S K I N / S TR I N GE R C OV E R S*WEB AND TRUSS SPARS*ELEVON-HONEYCOMB COVERS

-. *TWO D OO RS S P L I T A T V E R T I C A L* ON E -P I E C E D OOR*GRAPHITE EPOXY HONEYCOMB


40/61


41/61

-39-

O R B I T E R SYSTEMS

Electrical, Environmental and MechanicalThree fuel cells will provide electrical power for theEnterprise, as for all subsequent vehicles. For ALT only,gaseous oxygen and hydrogen will replace cryogenics for thefuel supply. Sufficient quantities for oxygen and hydrogenwill allow for 208 minutes of electrical power operation.The atmospheric revitalization system consists basicallyof the cabin fans and a special ram air vent system (just forALT) for cabin air purification. The Orbiter's active thermalcontrol system for ALT consists of a series of Freon loopswhich are cooled by an ammonia boiler supplied by six specialadd-on tanks located in the cargo bay.Three auxiliary power units ( A P U ) and hydraulics (HYD)units, essentially the same as those on subsequent vehicles,

will provide hydraulic power for operation of the aerodynamiccontrol surfaces (body flap, elevons, rudder/speed brake) andthe landing gear. Sufficient fuel (hydrazine) for the powerunits and hydraulic cooling water will be carried aboard thevehicle to allow 129 minutes of system operation.

Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNCC)Three inertial measurement units (IMUS ) are installedto provide output signals proportional to both vehicleattitude and velocity changes. Analog measurements of the

angular rates about the vehicle pitch, roll and yaw axeswill be furnished by three rate gyro assemblies (three per axis).Six body-mounted accelerometers-three for the normal axisand three for the lateral axis-will furnish analog measurementsof the acceleration.Three microwave scanning beam landing systems (MSBLS)are aboard the ALT vehicle to provide elevation, azimuth andrange data relative to ground based MSBLS systems for automaticlanding.Other G N & C systems on the first Orbiter are: air datatransducer, nose boom, tactical air navigation, radar altimeter,backup flight control system and five general purpose computers.

- more -.. -.


42/61

Communications and Tracking SubsystemsThe communications and tracking system for the ALTOrbiter consists of a UHF voice communications subsystem,an Orbiter/Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) intercom, anS-band Frequency Modulation (FM) transmitter and antenna

subsystem for downlinking Orbiter operational instrumentation(01) and Development Flight Instrumentation (DFI) and a C-bandradar beacon and antenna subsystem.

Crew Equipment - OrbiterThe ALT crewmen aboard the Orbiter will wear standardlow altitude flight clothing. The flight clothing consistsof the basic suit, helmet, boots, and gloves.The helmet is a customized flying helmet which containsearphones, an earphone jack receptable, an adjustable sunshade-visor and two receivers for oxygen mask attachment. Theflight suit is fabricated from Nomex material and containspockets for pens, pencils, and other ancillary equipment.

Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA)The SCA, a Boeing 747, purchased by NASA in the summerof 1974, has been modified at the manufacturer's facilitiesin Everett, Wash. The 70.4-m-(231-ft.-) long aircraft has hadthe majority of its seats and passenger accommodations replacedby equipment and instruments required to support the Orbitertest flights. Structural modifications include addition ofreinforcement frames and panels. Panels and stabilizer tipfins have been attached to the horizontal stabilizer.Support struts (two aft, one forward) have been added tothe aircraft to hold the Orbiter. The Orbiter will be affixedto these points and, at the proper moment in flight, explosivebolts will release the Orbiter from the SCA.In addition to serving as the carrier aircraft for theapproach and landing tests, the 747's primary purpose is toferry the Orbiter from Dryden to the NASA Kennedy Space Centerlaunch facilities in Florida. The SCA will also be used to

ferry the Orbiter to launch facilities at Vandenberg AirForce Base, near Lompoc, Calif.

- more -


43/61

IR B I TA L S Y S TE M S NOT I N S T A L L E DI0 OM S 0 RADIATO RS STAR TRACKERS0 S S l J C ' S 0 CREW ST AT IO N RENDEZVOUS RADAR0 PAYLJAD ACCOM

0 RC S @ TP S 0 U N I F I E D S - B A N D0 EPS CRY0 TAlUKS PAYLOA D SPEC AND KU-BANDON O R B I T

0 n'TER, WASTE, & FOOD MGMT SYSTEN

C-BAND BEACONJ

rEMS-

3-

NOTE: O r b i t e r shown w i t h o u t t a i l c o n e

- " ~"., rc \ LFLTE S T UMBILICALTO C A R R I E R A / C &M O D I F I E D U M B I L I C A L D OO RStHLIHNIb"I PKtSS (jAS ' i H Z \

OV 101 c o n f i g u r a t i o n fo r A L T lt


44/61

- 4 2 -

In addition to the modifications necessary for the7 4 7 to serve as a carrier and ferry aircraft, an emergencyescape system has been added to the former passenger jetliner.The modifications include a quick exit for fliqht crewsand other personnel through a tunnel which has been installeddirectly behind and below the flight deck. This exit tunnelextends from the flight deck level to the bottom side of the7 4 7 . The 81 centimeter (32-inch)-diameter tunnel has beenequipped with an aerodynamic spoiler which will be extendedbelow the aircraft to aid personnel in exiting beneath theairstream of the 7 4 7 . Individual parachutes will be providedfor all those aboard the 7 4 7 .

Flight Control OperationsReal time flight control functions will be performed byflight controllers located at Dryden Center for the captive

inert flights and the Johnson Space Center, PKC-H for thoseflights in which the Orbiter is manned.

Inert Flights - Dryden"NASA 1," the call sign of the control room at DrydenFlight Research Center, has been used for the fliqht controlof such experimental aircraft as the X - l E , X-15, XB-70 andother flight research programs. It is the prime control roomfor the inert phase of ALT.The room is four separate areas; the dvnamic analysisroom, the mission analysis room, the telemetrv processingroom and the fliqht monitoring room. The first three roomsreceive inflight d.ata that is necessary for the safe controlof the flight.Two large radar plot boards are located in the fliqhtmonitoring room which trace the track of the SCA/Orbiter toaid the flight controller in guiding the SCA/Orbiter through-out the test maneuvers and to the launch point.The room is manned by a joint government/industryteam of engineers. Communications hetween the flight crewand the room are restricted to the flight controller.

-more-


45/61

- 4 3 -

A ct i v e F l i g h t s - MCC-H (Miss ion C o n t r o l Center - Houston)A l l O r b i t e r a nd 747 i n s t r u m e n t a t io n d a t a w i l l ber e co r de d o nb oa rd t h e r e s p e c t i v e v e h i c l e s . O th er s e l e c t e dO r b i t F r a n d 7 4 7 d a t a , i n c l u d i n g s e l e c t e d wideb and d a t a , w i l lb e t r a n s m i t t e d t o a nd r e co r d e d o n t h e g r ou nd .O r b i t e r o p e r a t i o n a l i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n a nd de ve lo pm en tf l i g h t i n s tr u m e n ta t io n a nd l i m i t e d 747 d a t a w i l l be s e n t t ot h e MCC-H a s w e l l a s r e a l t i m e g ro un d r a d a r d a t a a nd v o i c ec o m m u n i c a t i o n ( O r b i t e r , 747 and c ha se a i r c r a f t ) w i l l bet r a n s m i t t e d t o MCC-H.The f l i g h t c o n t r o l t e a m a t J S C i s headed by th e ALTF l i g h t D i r e c t o r who w i l l d i r e c t t h e t e s t a c t i v i t i e s t o i n s u r et h a t t h e f l i g h t t e s t i s p r o v id i n g t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e t u r n si n r e l a t i o n t o t e s t o b j e c t i v e s an d i s b e i n g a c c o m p l i s h e d

c o n s i s t e n t w it h f l i g h t s a f e t y .The MCC-H AL T f l i g h t t e a m c o n s i s t s o f t h e f o l l o w i n gF l i g h t T e s t Enginee r s (FTE) :

EECOM - ( E l e c t r i c a l , Envi ronm enta l and M echan ica l )T h i s FTE i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r o p e r a t i o n a l k no wle dg e, e v a l u a t i o na nd m o n i t or i n g o f h y d r a u l i c e l e c t r i c a l , e nv i ro n m en t al a ndm e c ha n ic a l s y s te m s o f t h e O r b i t e r . H e w i l l b e a s s i s t e d byo ne a d d i t i o n a l t e s t e n g i n e e r .

0 -NC - ( G u i d an c e , N a v i g a t i o n a n d C o n t r o l ) The G N CFTE i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r g u id an ce , n a v i g a t i o n a nd c o n t r o ls ys te m s o f t h e O r b i t e r .a d d i t i o n a l t e s t e n g i n e e r s .

The I N C O t e s t e n g i n e e r i s r e s p on s i b le f o r t h e O r b i t e r i n s t r u -m e n t a t i o n a nd c o m m un ic at io n a nd i n a d d i t i o n h e i s r e s p o n s i b l ef o r han d l i ng onboard and g round com m unica t ion anom al i e s w hent h e y o c c u r .0 F I D O - The F l i g h t O p e r a t i o n s E n g i ne e r o r F I D O i sr e s p o n s i b l e f o r m o n it o ri n g t h e t r a j e c t o r y an d o nb oa rd n a v i -g a t i o n a nd g u id a n ce , i n c l u d i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n o f r e l a t e d

s o f t w a r e .

The G N C w i l l b e s u p p o r t e d by t h r e e

0 I N C O - ( I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n a n d C om m un ic at io n)

H e w i l l be a s s i s t e d by o ne t e s t e n g i n e e r .

0 NETWORK - T h e n e t w o r k c o n t r o l l e r i s r e s p o n s i b l ef o r t h e o p e r a t i o n a l d i r e c t i o n a n d c o n t r o l o f t h e S-band/L -bandg ro u nd s t a t i o n ( Bu c kh o rn ) a nd t h e MCC-H g r o u n d i n s t r u m e n t a t i o ns y s t e m s a n d p e r s o n n e l .- m o r e -


46/61

ORBITERbCA MATED CONFIGURATION

ENGINESP & W JT9D-7AHMA X THRUST (TAKEOFF)-46,950 LB PER ENGINE

WEJ6HTSCA

0 - MAX. T A X I GROSS w. - 738,000 LB .- MAX. LANDING WT. - 564,000 LB .Y0In- 31 '10" *\AF T A l l A C H P O I N T


47/61

747 SHUTTLE CARRIER AIRCRAFTEMERGENCY ESCAPE SY STE M

I

Y(DI


48/61

- 4 6 -

0 CAPCOM - (Ca psu le Communicator) The a i r - to-g roun dcommunicator w i l l p er f orm t h e t r a d i t i o n a l r o l e of voicec om m u ni ca ti on s w i t h t h e O r b i t e r , 7 4 7 , c ha se a i r c r a f t crewsand some g r ou n d s u p p o r t e q u ip m e n t d u r i n g a l l p h a s e s of t h ef l i g h t .

0 -&C - ( S t a b i l i t y and C o n tr o l) The s t a b i l i t y a ndc o n t r o l o f f i c e r i s r e s p on s i b l e f o r a s s u r i n g t h e v e h i c l e f l i g h tc h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e w i t h i n p la nn e d o p e r a t i o n a l l i m i t s .0 L & D - (Lo ads and Dynamics) The Loads and Dynamicst e s t e n g i n e e r w i l l m o n it o r t h e a t t a c h p o i n t l o a d s be tw ee n t h eO r b i t e r a nd 7 4 7 d u r i n g m ate d f l i g h t an d t h e Orbiter loadsd u r in g f r e e f l i g h t .

RANGE - T h e R a n g e c o o r d i n a t o r w i l l i n t e r f a c e w i thbo t h th e Network C o n t r o l l e r a nd t h e F l i g h t O p e r a t i o n s E ng i ne e rd u r i n g r e a l t i m e o p e r a t i o n s .

F a c i l i t i e s a t Dryden and Edwards A F BRunwav Comolex

Therz i s a hard-sur face runway a t Edwards A i r F o r c eBase, runway 4-22, which i s 4,572 m (15,000 f t . ) l on g and9 1 m ( 30 0 f t . ) w i de . When l a n d i n g t o t h e n o r t h e a .s t o nrunway 4 , t h e r e i s a n o v e rr u n t h a t e x t e n d s t o t h e d r yl a k e b e d .

Rogers Dry Lake i s 1 6 8 sq ua re km ( 6 5 s q u a r e m i . )( n o r m a l ly ) d r y l a k e be d w i th s e v e n m ar ke d r un w ay s . Thelo ng es t runway , 17-35 , i s 1 2 km ( 7 . 5 m i . ) l o n g a n d h a s b e e ns e l e c t e d a s t h e pr im e l a n d i n g s i t e f o r th e f r e e f l i g h t s oft h e S h u t t l e . Two lakebed runways a r e 9 1 m ( 30 0 f t . ) w id eand marked X t o a i d t h e p i l o t s .

- m o r e -


49/61


50/61

- 4 8 -

Mate/Demate DeviceThe Mate/Demate Device (MDD) provides the hoistingcapability for lifting the Shuttle Orbiter during matingor demating operations on the 7 4 7 .The main steel structure consists of two 30-m (100-ft.)tall towers with platforms at 6, 12, 18 and 24 m (20, 40,60 and 80 ft.) on each tower, and a horizontal structuremounted at 24 m (80 ft.) between the towers. This horizon-tal structure cantilevers out 21 m (70 ft.).Three 45,360-kg (100,000-lb.) hoists connected to alift beam provide hoisting capability. Two hoists areconnected aft and one hoist forward. The three h o i s t soperate simultaneously in the lifting operation.To service the Orbiter during Approach and Landing

(ALT) operations, two service access platforms are provided,one on each side of the Orbiter. The platforms are normallystored when n o t in use at the 18-m (60-ft.) level and arelowered to the Orbiter by two telescoping tubes mounted onthe cantilever section.Two equipment hoists, each capable of carrying 4,360 kg(10,000 lb.) or 2 5 people, are installed on each tower.These hoists operate to the 18-m (60-ft.1 level.The MDD was designed by Connell Associates, Inc., ofCoral Gables, Fla., and constructed by the George A. FullerCo., Chicago, Ill., f o r a construction cost of $1,700,000.The ALT hangar is a single bay hangar with two 22,680-kg(50,000-lb.) bridge cranes. Dimensions of the hangar are54 x 43 x 2 4 rn (176 x 1110 x 80 ft.) high. A shop annex of622 square m (6,700 square ft.) for tools, supplies and equip-ment is located on the north side of the hangar.An 18-m (60-ft.) wide, 38-cm (15-in.) thick paved tow-way connects the hangar, the MDD and the existing airfieldpavement at Dryden Center.The hangar was designed by Voorheis, Trindle and Nelson(VTN) of Imine, Calif., and constructed by Santa Fe Engi-

neers, Inc., Lancaster, Calif., at a construction cost of$3,7oo,ono.

-more-


51/61

-49-

PHOTOGFUIPHY AND TELEVISION

P h o t o g r a ph i c e q ui pm e n t u s ed d u r i n g t h e S h u t t l e A pp ro ac hand Landing T e s t s i n c l u d e s s t i l l and t e l e v i s i o n ca m er as f o ra i r - g r o u n d c o v e r a g e an d s t i l l a nd m ot io n p i c t u r e c a m e ra s f o ro n bo a rd c o v e r a g e . The t e l e v i s i o n c am e ra s w i l l have t h e c a -p a b i l i t y t o p ro du ce a l i v e p i c t u r e o r a d e la y e d pl ay ba ck w i t ht h e u s e of v i de o t a p e r e c o r d e r s (VTR) .

The equipment w i l l record t h e t a k e o f f , o r b i t e r - c a r r i e rs e p a r a t i o n , c r e w a c t i v i t i e s , a pp ro ac h and la n d i n g o f t h eo r b i t e r c r a f t .T e l e v i s i o n s o u r ce s c o n s i s t of one co lo r camera mountedi n t h e T-38 c h a s e p l a n e ; o n e c o l o r c am e ra mo un te d a t o p t h eMobi le TV Van; a c o l o r Long Range O pt ic s camera ( L R O ) ; a

camera e q u i p p e d h e l i c o p t e r ( K N B C ) : an d a p o r t a b l e ca m er a t ob e us e d a s a backup t o t h e T-38 c h a s e p l a n e .Ten 1 6 mm c a m e ra s u s in g medium s p e e d c o l o r f i lm a r el o c a t e d i n t h e c a b i n , l a nd i ng g e a r w e l l s and o r b i t e r - c a r r i e ra t t a c h m e n t p o i n t s . T h es e c am e ra s will photoqraph i n f l i s h t ;and l a nd i ng a c t i v i t i e s . T he re w i l l b e no o h bo a rd t e l e v l s l o ncameras d u r i n g ALT.T w e lv e c o lo r TV m o ni to rs a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e D F R C N e w sC e n te r a n d Press w o r k in g a r e a . The m o n i to r s w i l l be f e d" b e s t s o u r c e " v i d e o .

- more -

.. _.


52/61

- 5 0 -

SPACE SHUTTLE ALT CREWSNASA has selected two two-man crews for the Space Shuttle

Approach and Landing Test (ALT), the initial flight test ofthe Shuttle Program. The ALT free flight tests are scheduledto begin in July 1 9 7 7 .The two crews are: Fred W. Haise, Jr., commander andCharles G. Fullerton, pilot; Joe H. Engle, commander andRichard H. Truly, pilot. Both crews are scheduled to fly ALTmissions, with Haise and Fullerton making the first flight.The crews will participate in the various phases of or-biter test and checkout between now and the first flight.Both crews will train for the flights using the ShuttleTraining Aircraft, a modified, twin jet Gulfstream I1 and the

Orbiter Aeroflight Simulator.Haise, 42 (civilian), commander of the first crew wasselected f o r the astronaut program in April 1966. He wasbackup lunar module pilot for Apollos 8 and 11, lunar modulepilot on Apollo 13 and backup commander on Apollo 16 He isthe only crewman named that has flown in space.Fullerton, 39 (Lieutenant Colonel, U S A F ) , pilot of thefirst crew, was one of the USAF Manned Orbiting LaboratoryProgram crewmen selected for the astronaut program inSeptember 1969. He was a member of the support crews forthe Apollo 1 4 and 1 7 missions.Engle, 43 (Colonel, USAF), commander of the second crew,was selected for the astronaut program in April 1966. Hewas a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 10 andthe backup lunar module pilot for the Apollo 14 mission.Truly, 3 8 (Commander, USN), pilot for the second crew,was one of the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program crew-men selected for the astronaut program in September 1969. Hewas a member of the support crew for all three Skylab missions.

7 4 7 CARRIER AIRCRAFT CREWCrew members for the 7 4 7 carrier aircraft are Fitzhugh

L. Fulton, Jr. and Thomas C. McMurty, pilots; Victor W. Hortonand Thomas E. Guidry, Jr., flight test engineers.- more -


53/61

-51-

Fulton, McMurty and Horton a r e f r o m t h e N A S A DrydenF l i g h t R e s e ar c h C e n t e r a n d G u id r y i s a f l i g h t e n g i n ee r f romNASA's Joh nso n Spac e C en te r .F u l t o n i s a v e t e r a n m u l t i- e n g in e t e s t p i l o t w i t h wide ex-p e r i e n c e a s a l a un c h p i l o t .a nd f o r manned l i f t i n g b o d i e s , a s w e l l a s o n o t h e r e x p e r i m e n t a l

a i r c r a f t f l i g h t t e s t programs.f o r NASA a n d t h e U S A F . C u r r e n t l y F u l to n i s c o -p r o j ec t p i l o to n t h e t r i p l e - s o n ic Y F - 1 2 A f l i g h t r e s e a r c h p ro gram .

ye w a s l au nc h p i l o t f o r t h e X - 1 5H e w a s a n X B- 7 0 p r o j e c t p i l o t

McMurty h a s be en f l y i n g e x p e r i m e n t a l a i r c r a f t f o r NASAs i n c e 1 9 6 7 . As p r o j e c t p i l o t on t h e S u p e r c r i t i c a l Wing, h emade t h e f i r s t f l i g h t w it h t h e new a i r f o i l s h ap e. H e h a sf low n a s c o - p ro j e c t p i l o t on t h e D i g i t a l Fly-by-W ire a i r c r a f ta nd t h e S u p e r c r i t i c a l Wing F-11 1, and a s c o - p ro j e c t p i l o t onN A S A ' s 9 9 0 and C - 1 4 1 m u l ti -e n gi n e a i r c r a f t .H or ton i s f l i g h t t e s t e n g i n e e r on t h e Y F - 1 2 A a t DFRC andh a s f l o w n a s l a u n c h p a n e l o p e r a t o r o f t h e B-52A a i r l a u n c h

a i r c r a f t . G u id ry o f JSC h a s f lo w n a s t e s t e n g i n e e r o n t h eC-135 Zero-G s t u d i e s a nd t h e C-130 E a r t h R e s o u r c e s a i r c r a f t .

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

O v e r a l l d i r e c t i o n o f t h e S p ac e S h u t t l e Program i s i n t h eO f f i c e o f S pa ce F l i g h t a t N A S A H eadquar t e r s , V Jash ing ton , D . C .T h i s o f f i c e i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d e t a i l e d a ss ig nm en t of re -s p o n s i b i l i t i e s , b a s i c p e rf or ma n ce r e q u ir e m e n ts , c o n t r o l ofm a j o r m i l i s t o n e s a n d p ro gr am f u n d i ng .

i s t h e S pace S h u t t l e l e ad c e n t e r and h as r e s p o n s i b i l i t yf o r s ys te m s e n g i n e e r i n g a nd s ys te m s i n t e g r a t i c n . J S C i s a l s or e s p o n s i b l e f o r d e ve lo p me nt , p r o d u c t i o n , an d d e l i v e r y o f t h eS h u t t l e O r b i t e r .

The Lyndon B . J o h n s o n S p ac e C e n t e r ( J S C ) , H ou s to n , Tex. ,

The John F . Kennedy Sp ace Ce n te r ( K S C ) , F l a . , i s r e s p o n -s i b l e f o r t h e d es i g n o f l au n ch and r e co v er y f a c i l i t i e s and w i l lse rve a s t h e l a u nc h s i t e . Edwards A F B , C a l i f . , i s t h e l a n d in gs i t e f o r t h e f i r s t se ve ra l S h u t t l e o r b i t e r t e s t f l i g h t s .The George C . M a r s h a l l S pa ce F l i g h t C e n t e r ( M S F C ) ,H u n t s v i l l e , A l a . , i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e de ve lo pm en t, p r o d u c t i o n ,an d d e l i v e r y o f t h e O r b i t e r m ain e n g i n e s , t h e s o l i d r o c k e tb o o s t e r s and e x t e r n a l t a n k f o r t h e nYarogen/oxYgen f u e l -Some o f t h e 7 4 7 S h u t t l e Ca r r i e r A i r c r a f t T e s t s and a l lof t h e O r b i t e r A pp ro ac h a n d L a n di n g T e s t s w i l l be c o n d u c t e da t t h e D ry de n F l i g h t R e s e a r c h C e n t e r , E dw ard s, C a l i f .

-more-.. -.


54/61

- 5 2 -

SPACE SHUTTLE PR OGR AY OFFICIALS

J O H N F. YARDLEY, Associate AdTLnistrator for SpaceFligbt, NASA Headquarters, directs NASA's space flight pro-grams, including the Space Shuttle, the United States' effortsin Spacelab, expendable launch vehicles and the engineeringstudies related to possible future space f1iq"lt projects.Born in St. Louis, Mo., in 1925, he received a B.S . degreein aeronautical engineerinq froIn Iowa State College and anM.S. degree from Washington University. After three yearsin the Navy c?uring World War 11, Yardley joined YcDonnellDouglas in 1946 as a structural engineer. From 1358 to1960, he served as Project Engineer for Mercury macecraftdesign; and from 1960 to 1 9 6 6 , he was Launch OperationsManager for the Mercury and Gemini spacecraft?. He wasGemini Technical Director f r o m 1964 to 1967 and Vice Presidentand corporate-wide General Manaqer f o r t5e S k y l a h projectprior to being Vice President and Deputy General Manager,Eastern Division, Astronautics, in 1968. Yardley then becameVice President and General llanaqer of the Division in 1973at which position 5e remained until his appointment to N A S Ain 1974.

Dr. MYRON S. MALKIN is the Space Shuttle Program D.i_rectnrlocated at NASA Headquarters. Named to this post inApril 1973, he heads overall design, management, integration,development and testing of the Space Shuttle. Dr. Malkinjoined NASA after serving as Deputy Assistant Secretary ofDefense for Technical Intelligence Evaluation for almost oneyear. He was president of NUS Corp., an engineering consul-time firm, from 1969-71 and earlier held positions as programmanager for Titan I1 and Minuteman 111. He was general managerof the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program at GeneralElectric from 1961-69. Dr. Malkin was born in Youngstown, Ohioand received B.S., M.S. and Ph. D. degrees from Yale University.

ROBERT F. THOMPSON, the Space Shuttle Program Manager, islocated at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). He is re-sponsible for management and integration of major elementsof the program. Thompson was appointed to this position in1970, after serving as manager of the Skylab program throuqhthe conceptual design and development phases. He joinedNASA's predecessor organization, NACA, in 1947, and was seicctedas one of the early members of the Space Task Group, thenucleus of JSC. He was chief of the Landing and RecoveryDivision for Mercury, Gemini, and early phases of the Apolloprogram, prior to managing the early Skylab effort. He isa recipient of NASA's Outstanding Leadership, ExceptionalService and Distinguished Service sedals. Born in Bluefield,Va., Thompson graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institutewith a B . S . in aeronautical engineering.

-more-


55/61

-53-

AARON C O H E N i s m anager of t h e Sp ac e S h u t t l e O r b i t e r P r o j e c tl o c a t e d a t N A S A ' s JSC. H e i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r d e s i g n , d ev elo p-m en t, p r o d u ct i on a nd t e s t i n g o f t h e O r b i t e r .J S C i n 1 9 6 2 a s a member o f t h e Apo l lo P r o g r a m O f f i c e a n ds u b s eq u e n tl y h e l d v a r i e d e x e c u t i v e p o s t s i n t h e p r o g r a m . H ewas a p p o in te d Command an d S e r v i c e Module (CSM) manag er i n 1 9 7 0 ,d i r e c t i n g CS M e f f o r t s o n b o th A p o ll o a nd S k y la b p ro gr am s u n t i lh i s a pp oin tm en t t o t h e S p ace S h u t t l e p o s t i n 1972 .e a r n e d t w o NASA E x c e p t i o n a l Serv i ce Awards, t h e NASA C e r t i f i c a t eof Commendation and t h e NASA D i s t i n q u i s h e d S e r v i c e Me da l. Borni n C o r s i c a n a , T e x . , he has a R . S . i n m e c h a n i c a l e n g i n e c r i n qfrom Texas A& M and an M.S. i n a ? p l i e d m a t h em a ti cs f ro mS te ve ns I n s t i t u t e of Technologv.

H e j o i n e d NASA a t

Cohen has

D O N A L D K . SLAYTON i s Manager f o r t h e Approach and Land ingT e s t s S p a ce S h u t t l e P ro g ra m O f f i c e a t JSC. H e h as o v e r a l lp ro gra m r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r m an ag in g t h e a p p ro ac h a nd l a n d i n gt e s t e f f o r t s and i s r e s p o n s i b le f o r i n t e g r a t i o n o f t h e s e ac -t i v i t i e s a t J S C , K SC an d DFRC a nd o t h e r NASA C e n t e r s a sr e q u i r e d .Soyuz T e s t P r o j e c t i n J u l y 1975. H e j o i n e d NASA a s o n e o f t h eo r i g i n a l s ev en a s t r o n a u t s i n 1 959 a nd u n t i l h i s a s s i g n m e n tt o t h e ASTP c r e w , s e rv e d a s D i r e c t o r of F l i g h t C r e w O p e r a t i o n sa t J S C . H e i s t h e r e c i p i e n t o f t w o NASA D is t i n gu is h ed S er v i ceMe dals , t h e NASA E x c ep ti o n a l S e rv ic e Meda l , t he C o l l i e r Trophya nd numerous o t h e r h o no r s f ro m u n i v e r s i t i e s a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n s .A n a t i v e o f S p a r t a , W i s . , S l a y t o n i s a g r a d u a t e of t h e Uni-v e r s i t y of Minneso t a where he r ece ived a Bache lo r o f S c i e n c ed e g r e e i n a e r o n a u t i c a l e n g i ne e r in g .

D R . ROBERT H. GRAY w a s named Space S h u t t l e P r o j e c t sO ff ic e manager f o r NASA's Kennedy S pace Cen ter ( K S C ) i nJ u l y 1 9 7 3 .f a c i l i t i e s p r e p a ra t i o ns l e a d in g t o l au nc h , l an d in g a c t i v i t i e sa n d r e f u r b i s h m e n t of t h e c r a f t . E a r l i e r , D r . Gray was KSCd e p u t y d i r e c t o r of L au nc h O p e r a t i o n s a nd d i r e c t o r o f U nmannedLaunch O p e r a t i o n s , d i r e c t i n g more f l i g h t s ( 17 8) t h a n anye n gi n ee r i n t h e f r e e w or ld .t h r e e y e a r s a s t h e Va ng ua rd L a un ch Dire c to r and DeputyManager of t h e V an gu ar d G roup a t C ap e C a n a v e r a l f o r t h e N a v alResearch La bo ra to ry . Gray was named ch ie f of Goddard SpaceF l i g h t C e n t e r F i e l d P r o j e c t s B ra nc h i n 1 9 5 9, a p o s t h e h e l du n t i l go in g t o K S C i n 1 9 6 5. H on or s a c c o r d e d G ray i n c l u d e t h eNavy ' s Ou t s t an d ing Pe r fo rmance Award f o r t h e Vanguard p rogramand from N A S A t h e D i s t i n g u i s h e d Se r v i c e Award and t h e Excep-t i o n a l S e r v i c e M e da l. G r ay g r a d u a t e d f r om A l l eg h e n y C o l l e g e ,P a . , w i t h a B . S . i n p h y s i c s a n d r e c i e v e d a n h o n o r a r y D o c t o r a t eo f S c i e n c e f r om A l l eg h e n y i n 1 9 6 8 . D r . Gray w a s b o rn i nCambr idge Spr ings , P a .

S l a y t o n w a s d o ck in g mo du le p i l o t d u r i n g t h e A p o l lo

H e m an ag es S pa ce S h u t t l e o p e r a t i o n s p l a n n i n g ,

H e j o i n e d NASA i n 1958 a f t e r

- m o r e -

.. _.


56/61

-54-

ROBERT E. LINDSTROM has been manager of the Shuttle Pro-jects Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)Huntsville, Ala., since March 1974, after serving as deputymanager for the preceding two years. From 1970-72, he wasdeputy director of MSFC's Process Engineering Laboratory.Prior to 1960, he was with the Army Ballistic Missile Agencyas a Saturn project engineer and as project engineer for theJupiter C vehicle which launched Explorer I. He joined MSFCin 1960 as manager of the Saturn I/IB program. Lindstromleft government employment in 1963, to serve in top postsin industry but rejoined Marshall in 1970. He holds numerousawards, including NASA's Exceptional Service Medal and theDirector's Commendation Certificate.Ill., and received a B.S. degree in ceramic engineering fromthe 1Jniversity of Illinois.

He was born in Sycamore,

GEORGE B. HARDY is manager of the Solid Rocket Boosterproject, Space Shuttle program, for MSFC. Earlier he servedas manager of the Program Engineering and Integration pro-ject, Skylab program; assistant manager of the S-1B LaunchVehicle project; and deputy project manager for S - 1 / 1 BStage Project in the Saturn program. Hardy began hisprofessional career in 1952 with E. I. Dupont in Georgia; hemoved to the Redstone Arsenal in 1958 and transferred to MSFCin 1962 as a project engineer. He is a native of Russellville,Ky., and graduated from Georgia Institute of Technology in 1952with a B.C.E. in civil engineering.JAMES B. ODOM is manager of the External Tank project,

Space Shuttle program, at NASA's MSFC. Odom began his pro-fessional career in 1955, with Chemstrand Corporation,Decatur, Ala. He moved in 1956, to the Army Ballistic MissileAgency and in 1959, joined the organization that became MSFCin 1960. He has been associated with Earth satellite programs,lunar unmann.ed probes and the Apollo program. A native ofGeorgiana, Ala., Odom was graduated from Auburn Universitywith a B . S . in mechanical engineering in 1955.JAMES R. (BOB) THOMPSON, JR. is manager of the SpaceShuttle Main Engine Project at NASA's MSFC. He served earlieras chief of MSFC's Man/Systems Integration Branch, AstronauticsLaboratory. Thompson joined the propulsion research develop-ment team at MSFC in 1963, where he was responsible 'for

component design and performance analysis of the engine systemon Saturn launch vehicles. He is from Greenville, S.C.; andis a graduate of the Georgia Institute of Technology (1958)and the University of Florida (1963), with a B.S. in aero-nautical engineering and an M.S. in mechanical engineerinuHe is seeking a Ph.D. in fluid mechanics at the UniverP'of Alabama.-more-


57/61

- 5 5 -

ISAAC THOMAS GIL LAV I V i s D i r e c t o r of S h u t t l e O pe ra-t i o n s a t D ryd en F l i g h t R e s e a r c h C e n t e r and i s r e s p o n s i b l ef o r t h e D rysen a c t i v i t i e s i n s u p po r t of t h e PLT of t h eO r b i t e r . D r io r t o t h i s , he w a s D e l t a Pro qra n Yanager an?Program Manager o f Smal l Launch V eh ic le s i n NASA He ad qu ar t ers .B e f o r e h i s NASA a s s ig n m e n t , G i l l a m s e r v ed i n t 5 e U.S. A i rForce f rom 1 9 5 3 t o 1 9 6 3 a s a p i l o t , m i s s i l e l a u n c h crewcommander and. QOTC i n s t r u c t o r . A f t e r g r a d u a t i n g f r o m IIowardU n i v e r s i t y , W a s h i n g t o n , D.C., G i l l a m a t t e n d e d T e nn e ss ee S t a t eU n i v e r s i t y w h i l e w o rk in g o n g r a d u a t e s t u d i e s a n? s e r v i n g asA s s i s t a n t P r o f e s s o r of A i r Sc ien ce . Among o t h e r award s ,G i l l a m has r e c e i v e d t h e N A SA D i s t i n g u i s h e d S e r v i c e M edal fort h e Launch V e h ic le P rogram . G i l l a m i s a n a t i v e of L i t t l eRock, Ark.

DONALD R. PUDDY i s f l i g h t d i r e c t o r o f A pp ro ach a n d L an din gT e s t , F l i g h t C o n t r o l D i v i s i o n f o r t h e S p ac e S h u t t l e Program a tt h e J o h n so n S p ac e C e n t e r . P a s t e x p er i e n ce i n c lu d e s f l i g h td i r e c t o r f o r t h e A p ol lo Soyuz T e s t P r o j e c t , an d a l l t h eS k y la b m i s s i o n s .

t r i c a l e n g i n e e r ( E E C O M ) f o r A p ol lo s 5 , 9 and 1 0 , a nd d u r i n g t h ep ow ere d d e s c e n t a nd a s c e n t of t h e LM on A pol lo 11.s e r v e d a s LM s p a c e c r a f t a n a l y s i s f l i g h t c o n t r o l l e r d u r i n gA p o l l o s 12, 1 3 , 1 4 a n d 1 5 . H e w a s f l i g h t d i r e c t o r on A pol lo 1 6a n d s e r v e d a s command and s e r v i c e module (CSM) spacecrafta n a l y s i s f l i g h t c o n t r o l l e r f o r A po llo 1 7 .p r e s en t p o s i t i o n h e w a s c h i e f o f t h e M i s si o n O p e r a t i o n sBranch.

I n A p o ll o h e w a s Lunar Module envi ronmenta l and e l e c -H e

B e f o r e as s um i n g h i s

Puddy j o i n e d NASA i n 1 9 6 4 a f t e r f o u r y e a r s i n t h e U . S .A i r F o r c e w o r k i n g i n h i gh a l t i t u d e r e s e a r c h . H e w a s b o r ni n P on ca C i t y , O k la . H e h a s a 6 . S . d e g r e e i n m e c h an i ca le n g i n e e r i n g f ro m t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Oklahoma (1960), and i sworking tsward a Master o f B u s in e ss A d m i n i s t r a t i o n d e g re e a tt h e U n i v e r s i t y o f H ou st on , C l e a r Lake , Tex .

-more-

.. -.


58/61

- 5 6 -

JOHN A. MANKE is the Chief of Fliqht Operations atthe Dryden Flight Research Center. Prior to beconing Chiefof Flisht Operations, Manke was a civilian research pilotand assigned to the wingless lifting body flight researchprogram that was demonstrating man's ability to maneuverand safely land a vehicle with a shape that was designedfor space flight. A s such, he flew the M-2, HL-10 and X-24lifting bodies and made the first supersonic flight in alifting body. Born in Selby, S . D . , on Nov. 13, 1-931, P4ankeattended the University of South Dakota before joining theU . S . Navy in 1951. He was selected for the NR OTC proarmand graduated from Marquette Universitv, TJisc., in 1 9 5 6 witha b a c h e l o r ' s degree in electrical engineerinq. Followinqqraduation, Manke entered flight training and served as afighter pilot with the U . S . Marine Corps. Leaving the ser-vice in 1960, and prior to joining N A S A , he worked forHoneywell Corp. as a test engineer.

-more-


59/61

- 5 7 -

Aug. 9 , 1 9 7 2

June 4 , 1 9 7 4

Aug. 2 6 , 1 9 7 4

Mar. 27, 1 9 7 5

May 23, 1 9 7 5

May 25, 1 9 7 5

Aug. 25, 1 9 7 5

Sept. 9 , 1 9 7 5

Oct. 31, 1 9 7 5Nov. 1 7 , 1 9 7 5

Dec. 1, 1 9 7 5

Jan. 1 6 , 1 9 7 6

Mar. 3 , 1 9 7 6

Mar. 12, 1 9 7 6

SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITER - OV 101CHRONOLOGICAL EVENTS

NASA gives authority to proceed onSpace Shuttle Orbiter contract.(Selection of Rockwell International'sSpace Division announced July 1 6 , 1 9 7 2 . )Orbiter Vehicle (OV 101) - Start struc-tural assembly of crew module (Downey)OV-101-Start structural assembly of aftf se1 ge (DowneyOV-101-Mid fuselage (General Dynamics,San Diego) delivered to Palmdale facilityOV-101-Wings (Grumman, N.Y.) delivered toPalmdale facilityOV-101-Vertical stabilizer (Fairchild,N.Y.) delivered to Palmdale facility.OV-101-Start final assembly and mating(Palmdale)OV-101-Aft fuselage (Space Division)delivered to PalmdaleOV-101-Lower forward fuselage (SpaceDivision) delivered to PalmdaleOV-102-Start fabrication of crew module(First orbital flight vehicle)OV-101-Upper forward fuselage (SpaceDivision) delivered to PalmdaleOV-101-Crew module (Space Division)delivered to PalmdaleOV-101-Cargo bay doors (Tulsa Division)delivered to PalmdaleOV-101-Complete final assembly andclose-out systems installation(Pa mda

- more -


60/61

- 5 8 -

Mar. 15, 1 9 7 6

April 1 9 , 1 9 7 6

June 1 9 7 6

Aug.-Sept. 1 9 7 6

Sept. 1 7 , 1 9 7 6

Oct.-Xov. 1 9 7 6

Jan.-Feb. 1 9 7 7

July-Aug. 1 9 7 7

Sept.-Oct. 1 9 7 7

Nov. 1 9 7 7

OV-101-Start functional checkout(P lmda1OV-102-Start assembly of forwardfuselage (Downey)OV-102-Start assembly of crew module(Downey)OV-101-Complete functional checkout(Pa mdaleOV-101-Start ground vibration and proofload tests (Palmdale)OV-102-Start assembly of forwardfuselage (Downey)NASA 7 4 7 (Boeing ferry aircraft) -Structural modification (Seattle)Rollout first Space Shuttle Orbiter(Enterprise) OV-101 (Palmdale)OV-102-Start assembly of aft fuselage(Downey)OV-101-Start retest (Palmdale)N A S A 7 4 7 - Complete modificationOV-101-Complete integrated systems check-o u t (Pa mdaOV-101- Configuration inspection (PalmdaleEnterprise (101) - Delivered to DFRCOV-102-Deliver mid fuselage to Palmdale7 4 7 Carrier Aircraft delivered to DFRCOV-101-First captive flight with NASA 7 4 7

OV-101-First free-flight approach andlanding test (ALT) (DFRC)OV-102-Start final assembly and closeoutsystems installation and aft fuselage toPalmdaOV-102-Deliver wings to PalmdaleOV-102 Deliver crew module, vertical sta-bilizer, and body flaps to PalmdaleOV-102- Complete finalout systems installation (Palmdale)OV-102-Start functional checkout (Palmdale

(DFRC)

assemblv and close-

Jan. 1 9 7 8 OV-101-Complete free-flight tests- m n r n -


61/61

Date post:	09-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	bob-andrepont
View:	221 times
Download:	0 times

Orbiter Test Flight Press Kit

Documents