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COMMERCIAL

CULTIVATION OF ORCHID

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Group 01Group 01

Submitted to:Submitted to:--

Dr.K.SDr.K.S KiradKirad

Assistant ProfessorAssistant ProfessorHorticulture DepartmentHorticulture Department

AAIDUAAIDU

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Orchids exhibit an incredible range ofOrchids exhibit an incredible range ofdiversity in size, shape and colour of theirdiversity in size, shape and colour of theirflowers.flowers.

They occupy top position among all theThey occupy top position among all theflowering plants valued for cut flowerflowering plants valued for cut flowerproduction and as potted plants.production and as potted plants.

The family, Orchidaceae, consists of 600The family, Orchidaceae, consists of 600--800800

genera and 25,000genera and 25,000--35,000 species.35,000 species.

They are known for their long lasting andThey are known for their long lasting andbewitchingly beautiful flowers.bewitchingly beautiful flowers.

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ORCHIDININDIAORCHIDININDIA

9% of our flora are orchids and are the largest9% of our flora are orchids and are the largest

botanical family.botanical family.

India has a very large variety of orchids andIndia has a very large variety of orchids andhilly regions have some orchid floweringhilly regions have some orchid flowering

almost throughout the year.almost throughout the year.

About 1,300 species (140 genera) of orchidsAbout 1,300 species (140 genera) of orchids

are found in our countryare found in our country

cont..cont..

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The largest terrestrial genus is habenariaThe largest terrestrial genus is habenaria

(100 spp.).(100 spp.).Largest epiphytic genus is dendrobiumLargest epiphytic genus is dendrobium

(70 spp.).(70 spp.).

To conserve Indian native species byTo conserve Indian native species byestablishing orchidaria, sanctuaries areestablishing orchidaria, sanctuaries aredeveloped.developed.

India has established two orchidaria one atIndia has established two orchidaria one atShillong and other at Yercaud.Shillong and other at Yercaud.

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PROBLEMSIN RAISING ORCHIDSPROBLEMSIN RAISING ORCHIDS

Very slow growth.Very slow growth.

Doesn't adapt to local conditions and died.Doesn't adapt to local conditions and died.

Difficult to germinate the seeds, which lacksDifficult to germinate the seeds, which lacksany functional endosperm.any functional endosperm.

Seeds sown in the nursery beds required longSeeds sown in the nursery beds required long

period of germination.period of germination.Any disturbance to the soil or physicalAny disturbance to the soil or physical

environment destroyed the whole population.environment destroyed the whole population.

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Orchid HouseOrchid HouseN

aturally grow protected from tropical sununder the shades of trees.

Commercially grown in specially designedorchidaria or orchid houses (RunningNorth

and South )Houses are made from materials like split

bamboo, glass, shadenets, etc.

water tank or pool in the center of thewater tank or pool in the center of theorchidaria to maintain humidityorchidaria to maintain humidity isrecommended.

cont..cont..

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Humidity/WateringHumidity/Watering

Humid warm atmosphere is most essentialHumid warm atmosphere is most essentialfor the growth of orchids.for the growth of orchids.

The plants should be watered 2The plants should be watered 2--3 times a3 times aday and should not be allowed to dry upday and should not be allowed to dry upduring hot climate.during hot climate.

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Pots / ContainerPots / Container

Orchids should be potted in smallOrchids should be potted in smallcontainer/spots according to the size of thecontainer/spots according to the size of theplants.plants.

plastic pots which retains moisture longer thanplastic pots which retains moisture longer than

mud pots are preferred.mud pots are preferred.

Terrestrial orchids should be grown in 20Terrestrial orchids should be grown in 20--2525cm pots with 1:1:1 mixture of leaf mould, FYMcm pots with 1:1:1 mixture of leaf mould, FYM

and sand.and sand.Some latest media tried for growing orchids areSome latest media tried for growing orchids are

gravel jelly, fir bark, tree fern fibre.gravel jelly, fir bark, tree fern fibre.

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ManuringManuring

NPK ratio is 20:20:20 with trace elementsNPK ratio is 20:20:20 with trace elementsand coconut water (20and coconut water (20--25 %).25 %).

pH of the nutrient solution should bepH of the nutrient solution should be

slightly acidic or neutral but not alkaline.slightly acidic or neutral but not alkaline.Slow release fertilizers like osmocote can beSlow release fertilizers like osmocote can beuse.use.

Liquid fertilizers are much more quicklyLiquid fertilizers are much more quickly

absorbed by orchids.absorbed by orchids.

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DISEASE CAUSALORGANISAM

CONTROL

FungalFungal

Collar blocth

Leaf blight

Penicilium thomii

Pythium

Captan,

Dithane,Agrosan and

Ceresan are

very effective

against thesediseases.

BacteriaBacteria

Leaf spot

Collar rot

Orchid wilt

Colletotrichum and

GleosporiumSclerotium

Sclerotium rolfsli

Diseases and pestDiseases and pest

cont..cont..

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Diseases and pestDiseases and pest

CAUSAL ORGANISAM CONTROL

VirusVirus

Cymbidium mosaic virus

All infected plants should beisolated to prevent spreading

of the disease.

Insect and pestInsect and pest

TThrips, aphids,spidermite, soft scale,mealy bugs, orchidweevil, snail and slugs.

Parathion, Malathion, BHC,Aldrin, Dieldrin, etc.Metaldehyde has proved to

be very effective in killingslugs and snails.

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The method involved consists of dividing largeThe method involved consists of dividing large

clumps into smaller units.clumps into smaller units.

Most of the sympodial orchids, like Coelogyne,Most of the sympodial orchids, like Coelogyne,

Cattleya, Dendrobium and Cymbidium, areCattleya, Dendrobium and Cymbidium, are

propogated through this method.propogated through this method.

However care should be taken not to divideHowever care should be taken not to divide

the plants unless there are 8the plants unless there are 8--10 pseudo10 pseudo--bulbs.bulbs.

VEGETATIVEPROPAGATIONVEGETATIVEPROPAGATION

Cuttings

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In most of the commercial orchid nurseriestopping of the stem is commonly practised to

induce Keikis formation.

Induction of Keikis can also be inducedthrough the use of cytokinins which force the

dormant bud to develop into keikis.

Off-shoots / Keikis

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Aerial shoots

They usually arise on the upper part of the

back bulbs and grow out slowly.

These aerial shoots take 90-120 days to

develop roots. At this stage, they are detached

along with the portion of back bulb and

potted as independent plant.

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Sowing of seeds and transplantingSowing of seeds and transplanting

Seeds are sown on flask ( media ) underSeeds are sown on flask ( media ) under

aseptic conditions.aseptic conditions.

At 4At 4--leaf stage the seedling are taken out ofleaf stage the seedling are taken out offlask and planted in community potsflask and planted in community pots

1:1 mixture of shredded tree fern fibre and1:1 mixture of shredded tree fern fibre and

charcoal.charcoal.

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In India, companies like Drishti Floral Pvt.In India, companies like Drishti Floral Pvt.

Ltd has started growing orchids for 20 acresLtd has started growing orchids for 20 acresof land in Mumbai.of land in Mumbai.

Northeastern region produces about 345.9Northeastern region produces about 345.9tones of flowers from an area of9002 ha, oftones of flowers from an area of9002 ha, of

which is 0.07% in production and 1.02%which is 0.07% in production and 1.02%area under orchids.area under orchids.

Orchids market price is 10Orchids market price is 10--45 US dollars per45 US dollars perstem depending on the flower.stem depending on the flower.

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vandaCymbibium giganteum

GALLERYGALLERY

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Gomesa crispa

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Paphiopedilum hisutissimum VandaVanda coeruleseeneecoeruleseenee

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Dendrobium thysiflorum

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THANKS.