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Orchidsof Ohio
Blair (1909) vs. TodaySelected Ohio Species & Their Distribution
LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 3.1Dr. Donald P. Althoff
Kate Blair - 1909• Published “The Orchids of Ohio” in The
Ohio Naturalist 10(2):24-35• Noted 21 genera and 37 species for Ohio…and
noted “…two or three others that are doubtful” (p24)
• “…peculiar ___________ for insect pollinations” (p24)
• “…some of the Cypripediums are known to be ____________ to the touch.” (p24)
• Paper include key and counties found in Ohio
Blair (1909) vs. Recent Taxonomy
• Compiled list of Ohio orchards (see handout)• USDA site indicates all ____ species Blair
listed for Ohio currently still listed for Ohio• ____ out of the ___ (65%) now have different
scientific name (either genus, species, or both)
• ____ out of the ___ (68%) are listed as being present in SE Ohio (USDA distribution maps)
Some Orchid Characteristics• simple leaves with parallel veins common
• leaves often ovate, lanceolate, or orbicular
• __________
• _______flowers or…..________ or ___________ inflorescence
Orchid terminology
• _________ vs. orchids
• __________ vs. lady’s
• fringed vs. _____________ orchids
• _____ – modified petal
Modified “lip” = _________ orchids
Smaller purple fringed orchisRagged fringed orchis(green fringed orchis)
____________________“lip”
• Pink lady’s slipper = moccasin mouth• Yellow lady’s slipper• Showy lady’s slipper• Small yellow lady’s slipper• Rose pogonia = snakemouth = snakemouth orchid• Nodding pogonia = three-birds• Arethusa = dragon’s mouth
Other variations/oddities
• Grass pink = calopogon• Hooded ladies’ tresses, nodding ladies’ tresses,
etc. – __________________• Coralroots (early, late, large, Wister’s) – ________,
_____________, depend on _______________ in their roots to obtain nutrients (saprophytic plants)
___________= calopogonCalopogon tuberosus – USDACalopogon puchellus – P & N Cluster of ______
flowers
___________ ladies’ tressesSpiranthes cernua
Bogs, meadows, _______________
flower spike
Clear Creek Metro Park
_____________Corallorhiza maculata - largeCorallorhiza wisteriana – Wister’sCorallorhiza odontorhiza – late/
autumn/small-flowered
stems ____________ or _______________
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1
23
2 3
Charles Darwin• Published _______________________in 1862
(Origin of Species in 1859 for first edition, but had 6 editions overall (last in 1872—the “final” short title)
• Described complex mechanisms (i.e., co-evolving with insects) to achieve cross-pollination
• Used orchids to support theory of evolution: “In my examination of Orchids, hardly any fact has so much struck me as the endless __________ _____________...for gaining the very same end, namely, the fertilisation of one flower by the pollen of another.”