Date post: | 22-Jun-2015 |
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Topic : Order chiroptera
• Submitted to : Sir zaher Ahmad
• Submitted by : Seema Hassan» Fazal raqib» Muzamil shah
Chiroptera (hand-wing)
CLASSIFICATION
KINGDOM: ANIMALIA•PHYLUM: CHORDATA•CLASS: MAMMALIA•ORDER: CHIROPTERA (mega or micro)•FAMILIES: 18 (1 mega 17 micro)•GENERAS:170•SPECIES:850
Bat Basics: Anatomy
•Arm and hand bones are elongated to support the wing
Pest control
• Bats Help to Control Pests One bat may eat ~ 500 mosquitoes/hour•~ 10 hours/night = 5,000 mosquitoes
Bat Basics: Benefits•Bats Pollinate Flowers
Bats disperse the seeds and pollinate the
flowers of many plants.
Fruits that depend on bats for pollination
or seed dispersal include:
bananas, mango
peaches, , guava,
dates, cashews,
carob, figs,
avocados,
jack fruit,
plantains,
Dietary characters
• fruit bats: fruits and flowers• Vampire bats: blood (bats of only one species are obligately
hematophagous)• Other bats: insects (moths, ants, termites, wasps, leafhoppers,
beetles, crickets, flies, bugs, midges, mosquitoes, and others)
Order Chiroptera
• only true flying mammals• date to Eocene (50 mya)• worldwide– 17 families– 170 genera– 850 species
• suborders– Megachiroptera-flying foxes of tropics– Microchiroptera-worldwide
Megabats
• 1 family, 170 species• Tropics/subtropics• Frugivores• Nectarivores• Insectivores• Food located by sight/smell• Very well developed eyes• Wingspans up to 6 feet
Characteristics of Megabats
• They have large Eyes
• Small Ears• Large noses • Large wings• Dark in colour
Microbats• 17 FAMILIES 780 SPECIES
• MORE DIVERSE THAN MEGABATS• FOUND WORLDWIDE EXCEPT POLAR
REGIONS
• USE ECHOLOCATION TO NAVIGATE IN DARK FOR FOOD
• INSECTIVORES, SOME CARNIVORES/NECTARIVORES
• 3 SPECIES EAT BLOOD (SANGIVORES)
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROBATS
• They have small eyes
• Specialized\• developed ears• Nose leaves• Small wings• Light in colour
OF ALL BATS IN THE WORLD:
• 2/3 EAT INSECTS
• 1/3 EAT NECTAR
• 1% EAT FROGS, MICE, FISH, SMALL INVERTS
• < 1/3 OF 1% ARE VAMPIRE
Little Brown MyotisMyotis lucifugus
Little Brown Myotis
Just the facts:• PA’s most common bat• 6-9 grams• may live to 25 years• favors ponds and streams for foraging• forages at about 13 mph, 3-6 m above ground• mate in early autumn; fertilization in spring upon rousing;
50-60 day gestation• move to maternity colonies of hundreds• born after 30 minute labor in late May weighing1.5 grams• reaches sexual maturity at 8 mos.
Indiana Myotis/Pink-faced BatMyotis sodalisFederally Endangered
Small-footed MyotisMyotis leibii
PA Threatened
Silver-haired BatLasionycteris noctivagans
Eastern PipistrellePipistrellus subflavus
Big Brown BatEptesicus fuscus
Red BatLasiurus borealis
Hoary BatLasiurus cinereus
Evening BatNycticeius humeralis
Vampire Bat