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Organ Systems
Animals, Plants and Interdependence
Organs?
• What is an organ?– Organized group of tissues that performs a specific
function. Atoms
Molecules Cells
Tissues Organs
Organ systems Organisms
Animal Organs• 4 types of tissues:
– epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
• Example: Skin – largest organ in your body– Protects inner cells from damage, acts as defense,
insulates, releases heat and excretes wastes– Epidermis is outer layer and acts as protective layer
• Epithelial tissue
– Dermis is connective tissue, nervous tissue and muscle tissue• Connective – blood and blood vessels, fat for insulation• Nervous – tissue to detect pain, pressure, heat and cold• Muscle - goosebumps
Plant Organs• 4 types of tissues:
– epidermal, ground, vascular and meristematic
• Organs in a plant are:– root, leaf, stem and flower or fruit
• Example: Leaf – where photosynthesis happens– Vascular tissue – water to and within the leaf, sugar
produced to the rest of the plant– Epidermal tissue – holes called stomata facilitate gases– Ground tissue – mesophyll is where photosynthesis
happens
Animal Organ Systems• There are 11 main organ systems in the human body
– integumentary, digestive, respiratory, circulatory and excretory
• Example: Digestive Organ System– Tube within a tube in which absorption takes place
• Small intestine into the bloodstream• Earthworm – food in the mouth, muscular contractions move it
to the crop muscular gizzard intestines anus• Fish – teeth to grab prey stomach digestion in intestine
anus• Frog – teeth and tongue to grab prey pressure of swallowing
to get food into gullet esophagus stomach intestines cloaca
Animal Organ Systems• Integumentary
– skin (epidermis and dermis)– accessory structures (horns, antlers, hooves, quills, claws and nails
• Respiratory– Obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide– Trachea bronchus bronchioles alveoli bloodstream
• Circulatory– Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, heart, blood
• Excretory– Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra and skin– Filters waste products from the blood and maintains water and
electrolytes
Plant Organ Systems• Root System and Shoot System
– Shoot – everything above the ground
– Root – everything below the ground
• Example of Interdependence– Water flow
• Root pressure• Capillary action• Transpiration pull
Homeostasis• Maintaining an internal
steady state and organ systems work together to facilitate this
• Example of interdependence:• Your circulatory system works to
get blood to all parts of your body and the reason is to get oxygen to all cells and wastes away. Additionally, nutrients that have been absorbed by the digestive system are passed to the cells of your body via the circulatory system.
Interdependence of Organs• Think of how the following all interact with
each other. Provide an example of an activity with an explanation.
• Integumentary• Circulatory• Respiratory• Skeletal• Muscular• Nervous
Problems With Organ Systems• Circulatory System
– Pulse – 60-80 bpm– Blood pressure – 120/80mm of Hg
• Systolic and diastolic pressures
• Excretory System– Urine test– Kidneys remove urea, water and other wastes from blood
• White blood cells in urine indicate an infection in the excretory system
• Too little urine may mean kidneys are not working effectively• Too much urine may mean pancreas is not working effectively• Prescription and illegal drugs as well as performance enhancers