Membrane-Enclosed Organelles

By: Nina, Patrice, and Albert

Who has membrane-enclosed organelles?

● Only eukaryotic cells have membrane enclosed organelles.

Why?

● Cells needs to separate proteins.● There are two ways

AggregationCompartments

Eukaryotic cell

● The Eukaryotic cell has many compartments, each with different functions.● 50% of volume are organelles.● All held together by cytoskeleton

(microtubules).● Movement of the organelle is from

cytoskeletal filaments.

Endomembrane System● Cytosol- location of

metabolic pathways and protein synthesis occurs.

● Nucleus- Location of Genome.

Endoplasmic reticulum

● Smooth- Site of hormone synthesis and and site of detoxification.

● Rough- Location of ribosome.

● Golgi Apparatus- Protein and lipids modding, sorting, and packaging.

● Peroxisomes- Breakdown of toxic molecules

● Lysosomes- Intracellular waste disposal and recycling center.

● Endosomes- Compartment where endocytosed material is sorted.

Not in the endomembrane system● Chloroplasts (only in

plant cells)- Location of ATP synthesis and carbon fixation.

● Mitochondria- Producers of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

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EvolutionThe first Eukaryotic cells might have come from simple bacteria. ● Organelles may have evolved in two

ways.● The plasma membrane might have

folded back on itself to create the membrane of the various organelles.

● Mitochondria and Chloroplasts might have been procaryotic cells that got engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells.