Organic Organic ChemistryChemistry

The chemistry of compounds containing carbon.

HYDROCARBONS

Here are some Characteristics of hydrocarbons:

Has non-polar molecules

sp3 hybridization

Contains only hydrogen and carbon

non-electrolytes because of poor ionization

In **most** situations, it is not soluble in water

The reactivity is very slow

The low boiling point makes it pretty easy to decompose

an organic compound (as acetylene or butane) containing only carbon and hydrogen and often occurring in petroleum, natural gas, coal, and bitumens

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Vocabulary Review (Time to pull out the ‘ole Latin Textbook)

The number of carbon atoms = root name! • meth 1 carbon• eth 2 carbon• prop 3 carbon• but 4 carbon• pent 5 carbon• hex 6 carbon• hept 7 carbon• oct 8 carbon

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

The AlkanesCharacteristics

AKA Paraffins, are chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). Each are linked by a single bond.

Each carbon atom must have 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom must be joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds).

General formula CnH2n+2 (Linear saturated hydrocarbon)

Chemical structure of methane, the simplest alkane

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

The AlkanesMethane H

H C H CH4

H

Propane H H H

H C C C H C3H8

H H H

Ethane H H

H C C H C2H6

H H

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Isomers - Compounds with the same composition and molecular weight, but differing structure

Butane [C4H10]

Isobutane [C4H10]

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

n-pentane - A component of natural gas, lighter and blowtorch fuels and aerosol propellants, consists of five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms

C5H12

2-methylbutane - Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. 2-Methylbutane commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C.

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane): One of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane and isopentane. Extremely flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher pressure.

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

n-hexanen-heptane

n-octane

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)