Organic compounds• Carbon compounds– Organic compounds- primarily made of carbon• Carbon can from four covalent bonds• As a result, carbon can bon in a number of ways

Carbon compounds• Functional groups- cluster of atoms that

influence the characteristics of the molecules that contain them

Large carbon molecules• Monomer- small,

simpler organic molecule

• Polymer- contains many monomers

• Condensation reaction- reaction that joins two monomers, produces water

• Hydrolysis- water is used to break polymer

Energy currency

• Energy is required for life’s processes

• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)- stores energy for this purpose

• Energy stored in phosphate group bonds

• Energy released when one bond breaks

Molecules of Life• Carbohydrates- Organic compounds

containing C, H, and O in a ration of 1:2:1 respectively–Monosaccharide- monomer of a carb,

simple sugar (glucose)–Disaccharide- 2 monosaccharides bonded,

double sugar (sucrose)–Polysaccharide- many monosaccharides

bonded• Glycogen- polymer of glucose in animals• Starch- polymer of glucose in plants

• Protein- composed of C, H, O, N– Monomer- amino acid– Dipeptide- 2 amino acids joined by a peptide bond– Proteins contain polypeptides– Serve as structural components and enzymes

• Lipids- large nonpolar molecules– Do not dissolve in water– Fatty Acid- long carbon

chain with a carboxyl on end• Saturated- no double

bonds, solid at roop temp, found in animals• Unsaturated- double bonds

present, liquid at room temp, found in plants

• Lipids–Triglyceride- glycerol bonded to 3 fatty

acids–Phospholipids- glycerol with 2 fatty

acids–Other lipids include waxes and steroids–Serve as structural components and

energy storage

• Nucleic Acids- large molecules that store information– Nucleotide-

monomer of nucleic acid

– Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- stores genetic info

– Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)- transfers info needed to make proteins within cells