Sam Higginbottom Institute Of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences

Topic : Organic Forming

PRESENTED BY, Manoj.B.S Junior M.Sc. Ag.Biochemistry JSBB, SHIATS.

CONTENTS

• Definition of Organic forming

• History

• Principle

• Organic manure

• Organic Pesticide and herbicide

• Advantages and disadvantages

• Reference

WHAT IS ORGANIC FARMING?

• It a techniques to achieve good crop yields without harming the environment.

• Organic farming relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests on a farm.

• It includes keeping and building a good soil structure and soil fertility, as well as controlling pests, diseases and weeds.

History of Organic Farming

• Organic Farming was the original type of agriculture.

• Forest gardening, a fully organic food production system which dates from prehistoric times.

• The organic movement began in the mid-1920s in central Europe.

Protecting the long term fertility of soils by

maintaining organic matter levels Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of

legumes and biological nitrogen fixation, Weed, disease and pest control

CHARACTERISTICS ORGANIC FARMING

ORGANIC FARMING PRINCIPLE

1. Principle of health

• Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the

health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one

and indivisible

2. Principle of ecology

• Organic Agriculture should be based on living

ecological systems and cycles, Nourishment and well-

being are achieved through the ecology of the specific

production environment.

3. Principle of fairness • It aims to produce a sufficient supply of good quality

food and other products. Natural and environmental

resources that are used for production and consumption

4. Principle of care• Organic Agriculture should be managed in a

precautionary and responsible manner to protect the

health and well-being of current and future generations

and the environment.

1. Conversion of land from conventional management to organic

management

2. Management of the entire surrounding system to ensure

biodiversity and sustainability of the system

3. Crop production with the use of alternative sources of nutrients

such as crop rotation, residue management, organic manures and

biological inputs.

4. Management of weeds and pests by better management practices,

physical and cultural means and by biological control system

5. Maintenance of live stock in tandem with organic concept and

make them an integral part of the entire system

BASIC STEPS OF ORGANIC FARMING

TYPES OF ORGANIC MANURES

1. Farm yard manure (FYM)

2. Green manures

3. Crop residues

4. Compost

5. Home compost

6. Concentrated organic manures

1. FARM YARD MANURE

Farm yard Manure is prepared basically using cow

dung, cow urine, waste straw and other dairy wastes. 

It is highly useful and some of its properties are,

FYM is rich in nutrients.When cow dung and urine are

mixed, a balanced nutrition is made available to the

plants.

Availability of Potassium and Phosphorus from FYM is

similar to that from inorganic sources.

Application of FYM improves soil fertility.

1. FARM YARD MANURE

2. Green Manures

• Green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.

• Green manures, in the case of legumes, fix nitrogen and contribute to farm nitrogen needs.

• Green manure crops provide a habitat for pollinators and other beneficial insects.

• They are grown for the purpose of plowing them, thus increasing fertility through the incorporation of nutrients and organic matter into the soil.

Green Manure Crops

DHAINCHA (Sesbania aculeata)

SUNNHEMP (Crotalaria juncea)

WILD INDIGO (Tephrosia purpurea)

Gliricidia, Pongamia pinnata, Simaruba

3. CROP RESIDUES

•Crop residues are the non-economic plant parts that are

left in the field after harvest.

• The harvest refuses include straws, stubble, Stover

and haulms of different crops. 

•Crop remains are also from thrashing sheds or that are

discarded during crop processing.

•This process includes wastes like groundnut shell, oil

cakes, rice husks and cobs of maize.

CROP RESIDUES

4. COMPOST

•Composting is the process of producing compost

through aerobic decomposition of biodegradable organic

matter.

•Soil organic matter plays an important role in sustaining

soil fertility, and hence in sustainable agricultural

production.

•In addition to being a source of plant nutrient, it

improves the physico-chemical and biological properties

of the soil.

VERMICOMPOST•Vermicompost is an organic manure

(bio-fertilizer) produced as the vermicast

by earth worm feeding on biological

waste material; plant residues.

•This compost is an odorless, clean,

organic material containing adequate

quantities of N, P, K and several

micronutrients essential for plant growth.

•It is eco-friendly, non-toxic, consumes

low energy input for composting and is a

recycled biological product.

5. HOME COMPOST

6. Concentrated Organic Manures

• Edible oil cakes which can be safely fed to livestock; e.g.:

Groundnut cake, Coconut cake etc.,

• Non edible oil cakes which are not fit for feeding livestock; e.g.:

Castor cake, Neem cake, Mahua cake etc.,

• Both edible and non-edible oil cakes can be used as manures.

• However, edible oil cakes are fed to cattle and non-edible oil

cakes are used as manures especially for horticultural crops.

• Nutrients present in oil cakes, after mineralization, are made

available to crops 7 to 10 days after application.

Oilcakes need to be well powdered before application for even distribution and quicker decomposition.

Average Nutrient Content of Oil Cakes

Oil-cakes Nutrient content (%)

N P2O5 K2 ONon edible oil-cakes

Castor cake 4.3 1.8 1.3

Cotton seed cake (undecorticated) 3.9 1.8 1.6

cake 3.9 0.9 1.2

Mahua cake 2.5 0.8 1.2

Safflower cake (undecorticated) 4.9 1.4 1.2

Oil-cakes Nutrient content (%)

N P2O5 K2O Edible oil-cakes

Coconut cake 3.0 1.9 1.8

Cotton seed cake (decorticated) 6.4 2.9 2.2

Groundnut cake 7.3 1.5 1.3

Linseed cake 4.9 1.4 1.3

cake 4.7 1.8 1.3

Rape seed cake 5.2 1.8 1.2

Safflower cake (decorticated) 7.9 2.2 1.9

Seamus cake 6.2 2.0 1.2

USE OF ORGANIC FARMING• Increase long-term fertility of the soil and also help in

reducing soil erosion• Control pest and diseases without harming the

environment• Ensure that water stays clean and safe• Food produced are nutritious and are of a high quality

which can be sold for a good price• It is a type of farming in which farmers can save

money without any kind of  chemical fertilizations it helps farmers to reduce the effect of weeds by using garlic, clove oil etc

• It produces only pure crops without any toxic materials which are harmful for the human life and this increases the profit also.

PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC FARMING

• Dependency on fertilizers. Greater amount are needed every year to produce the same yields of crops

• Pests and diseases may turn more difficult to control as they become resistant to artificial pesticides

• Farming with organic methods gives smaller crops as compared to artificial farming.

• Organic farming gives low productivity of vegetables such as potatoes in the same areas where the conventional farming produces more.

THANK YOU