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Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates
• AKA Sugars
• Monomer: Monosaccharide (single sugar)
• Structure: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
1:2:1
Glucose Sucrose
C6H12O6 C12H22O11
***Dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
• Uses:
1) Energy source for living things
2) Structural purposes
Cell wall – Plants – Made of cellulose
Insect Exoskeleton – Chitin
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
• Types/Examples:
1) Monosaccharides – Single sugar
C6H12O6
2) Disaccharide – Two sugars
C12H22O11
3) Polysaccharide – Many sugars
Long chains of hundreds
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
• Examples of Polysaccharides 1) Starch (Plants) / Glycogen (Animals) Long chains of glucose – Short term sugar storage 2) Cellulose Thousands of glucose molecules Makes up the cell wall *Humans can’t digest
Lipids
• AKA Fats, Oils, Waxes• Monomer: Glycerol
and Fatty Acids• Structure: Non-polar
molecules
Composed of C, H,and O
Lipids (Cont.)
• Uses:
1) Energy storage
2) Make up cell membrane
3) Waterproof coverings
4) Chemical messengers
Lipids (Cont.)Saturated Fats: Maximum # of H NO DOUBLE BOND Clog arteries Come from animals
Unsaturated Fats: Not saturated with H Contains a double bond Do not clog arteries Come from plantsPolyunsaturated: More than one double bond
Proteins
• Monomer: Amino Acids• Structure: Long chains of amino acids Composed mostly of COHN There are only 20 different amino acids Works like the alphabet All are exactly the same except for the side group
Proteins (Cont.)
• Uses:
1) Control rate of reaction (Enzymes)
2) Regulate cell processes (Hormones)
3) Movement (Muscles)
4) Structure (Tendons/Cartilage)
5) Transport substances (Hemoglobin)
6) Fight disease (Antibodies)
Proteins (Cont.)
• Examples: See previous slide
Enzymes – Speed up chemical reactions
Lock and Key Model
Nucleic Acids
• Monomer: Nucleotides
• Structure:
Nucleic Acids (Cont.)
• Uses: Store and transmit genetic info
• Types/Examples:
DNA RNA
Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose
Function Blueprint for life Carries DNA info from nucleus out to other cell parts