Organic WasteProblem and Opportunuties

GIZ Programme Resource Recovery 2015 1

Burkart SchulteCReED eV

Common Situation of Waste dumping on Land in many areas worldwide

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Resultent problems from dumping of untreated waste

• Significant methan emissions are a contribtory factor for the greenhouse effect

• Burning plastic leads to furan and dioxyn emissions

• Leachate emissions contaminate the groundwater

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Dumping of untreated waste is not only a destruction of resources,it is also a big burden for the environmen.t

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Consequences of the methan emissions from open dumping of untreated waste

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Waste Compositions

5Prof. Dr. Fricke TU-BraunschweigWaste with a calorific value lower 3.500 - 4.000 kJ/kg needs additional fuel for combustion

GIZ Programme Resource Recovery 2015

How can we use the main components of the waste?

• Organic parts:• With aerobic composting we can produce fertilizer• anaerobic fermentation in closed digester leads to electricity from Methan and

compost as fertilizer

• Plastic parts and textile: new plastic or energy (cement factory, electricity,process steam, diesel oil,)

• Paper: new paper• Metall : international scrup marked• Glass: new glass• Mineral parts: road construction or landfill

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• Hier Bilder Kompostierung rein

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Vermi Composting in India

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Price:1 t between 40 and100 €, dependingthe country andqoulity

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Vermi Composting

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ADVANTAGES OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SOLID WASTE

• PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY(60 TO 100 M³ OF METHANE/TON)

• L ESS ENERGIE NEEDED FOR AERATION OF THE COMPOST PILE

• 200 TIMES LESS ODOURS THAN AEROBIC COMPOSTING(BASIS: GRAMS OF VOC PER TON TREATED)

• LESS SURFACE AREA NEEDED AS FOR AEROBIC COMPOSTING

• HIGH PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE

iFAT 2014 15

Degradation of organic material:

AEROB

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 => 6 CO2 + 6 H2OTraubenzucker + Sauerstoff => Kohlendioxid + Wasser

Free Energie Go = - 2‘875 kJ/Mol = (Head)

ANAEROB:

C6H12O6 => 3 CO2 + 3 CH4Traubenzucker => Kohlendioxid + Methan

Free Energie Go = - 132 kJ/Mol = (Methane)

Result:

Aerobe composting needs 20 times more energy then anaerobe digesting.

The remaining energy is in the Methane.

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Basic Type of Digestor Technology :

Liquid Digestor

Plug Stream Digestor

Batch Digestor

MBT Biological treatment Type DRANCOLoading unit

Digester Composting

Block heat and power plant

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THE DRANCO DIGESTER

Plug Flow - Process

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Prinzip of a Butch digesterThe Process

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Kusel, near KaiserslauternRenewables 7,500 t/p.a.Electrical Power 330 kWIn Operation as of 01/07Local Heat / Drying

Biogas aus Trockenvergärung

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BEKON Plant in Vechta

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Small digester for a throughput up to 10 t per day from Eggersmann

24Smartferm Plant from Eggersmann

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Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Waste - March 2013 Mexico City26

< 25 mm

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Electrical power 100 kW Electrical efficiency 38 % Thermal power 123 kW

Thermal efficiency 46.6 % Overall efficiency 84.6 %

Data for the Combined heat and power plant (CHP):

Examples of convenient sorting processes

The following examples are from asia but could worldwide similar proceed

The majority of the workman have been waste picker bevore, the chiefes ofthe plants have been trained at CReED in Germany.

All projekts are instigated from the German GIZ with small support fromCReED

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1st example: Easy sorting nearly without any maschinery and no electricityneeded. The organic parts go to a composting process while the plastic partsgo to an open intermediate storage.

BMWi Umweltschutztechnologien in Costa Rica und Guatemala 29

2nd example: more maschinery like conveyors, screener and a press for the plastic parts.Main aim is to get the plastic out and sell it to a cement factory.

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Example Cement Factory

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Example Diesel from Plastik waste

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Plastic Recycling in Abidjan, Ivory coast

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Product Presentation

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Production of pellets from organic material for different purposes such as energie, fertiliser, animal food etc.

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Economie of waste recycling• Profit:

• RDF production (we save around 20.000 t of oil per year)• Kompost-produktion (in some countries 1 t costs more then 100 €)• Methan-production ( we produce around 2 MW from digestion)• Metall recycling• Avoiding of a landfill ( an engeered Landfill can cost 10€ per m3

and more)

• Costs:• Investment• Finanziell cost• Operation cost

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Financial aspects I

Burkart Schulte

time in yearstoday 10 20 30

value of recycled material

industrialized countries

emerging markets

costs costs for recycling in:

Financial aspects II• In order to promote recycling of Waste, the EU and many european countries have raised the

producer resonsibility for many kinds of waste. This means that the manfacturer or dealer of theproduct is responsible for ensuring that this product will be recycled.

• In some cases different companies then teamed up to organice the take back and recyclingtogether.

• In a different model, the State authoriezed a company to assume the responsibility of theproducers for a needed fee.

• Such a model with a PPP basis should be feasible in all countries.

• If the producer responsibility is good for Europa, it will be good also for others. Do not hestitate toimplement such a system even in your country.

• If your companies export to Germany they have to pay for the recycling of the packaging waste,why not vice versa?

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Future developmend:

• In the future the recycled material will be of increesing value.

• The costs of the recycling will decrease do to technical development.

• The value of the recycled material will increase due to internationaldemand.

• The environmentel impact of the landfilling of untreated wastebecomes unacceptable .

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CREeD e.V. (Mr. Schulte)

CREed Mediacenter:

http://www.creed-ev.de/en/what-is-creed/creed-films.html