Name: Ioses Choi

Information processesOrganising Which includes:• Hardware• Software• Non-computer tool• social and ethical issues

What is organising in the information processes?

Organising is the process that arranges, represent and formats data for use by other information process. It’s carried out after the data is collected. Data is digitised using a hardware collection device. There is a range of application software for organising data in variety of formats. Non-computer tools for organising include hard copy systems and pen and paper methods

HardwareThe hardware includes: Text, Images, Audio.The hardware collection devices organise data by

digitising it.

The computer can organise and transmit data of any type. The binary deals with data as a string of 1 and 0, and every data must be represented digitally in the form of bits to used by a computer

Digitising: The process of translating data into the binary digits which can be stored and processed by computer

Text

The texts includes: letters, numerals, punctuation keys, spaces and special symbol.

It converts into binary using a standard method of conversion such as Ascii or Ebcdic

It assigning each character with a decimal number and converting this number into binary codes to operate.

This is the example of digitising the letter with Ascii-codes

Image Definitions:• Pixel: The smallest part of the screen that can be

controlled by computer and helps to creates images• Bit-mapping: The relationship between the image

and the bits in memory

One or more bits are assigned to each pixel. The number of bits assigned to each pixel depends on the number of tones and colours used. The quality of a digitised image is improved by increasing the number of pixels or increasing the tones and colour

Audio

• Sampling: the method used to digitise a sound wave

• Sample size: The number of bits per sample.• Sampling rate: the number of times a sample is

taken from the sound wave.

Better quality sound is achieved by increasing the sampling rate and the sampling size.

The picture of sampling

Softwares

The software can be defined:• The detailed instructions used to direct the hardware

to perform a particular task. Which includes: Paint and draw Multimedia Word processing Desktop publishing Spreadsheet Database

Paint and drawPaint program createBit-mapping graphic.It organises data byTreating each pixel on theScreen individually andrepresenting this by bits inmemory.

Multimedia

It’s presentation of informationUsing text, graphic, animation,audio and video.Data is organised by combiningData in different format.Data is organise audio andanimation software for video.

Word processingIt allow characters to be entered and document to be created.it is used in• Write letters• Reports• Assignments • Articles• BookThe data is organised when creatingand saving a document.

Desktop publishingIt use of specialised softwareto combine text and graphicsto create the document.It creates many types ofPublications such as:

• Magazine• Newspapers• Book

Spread sheetIt uses a rectangular grid made upOf rows and columns to organiseAnd store data that requires someTypes of calculation.The organisation of data involvesentering data into a cell as a label,value or formula.

DatabaseData is organised into data structurescalled files, records, fields, andCharacters. It includes informationabout the characteristics of eachItem entered in the database.

Such as:• Field name• Field size,• Data type• Data description