ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS ECOSYSTEMkea.kar.nic.in/cet2014/vikasana/biology/day_11.pdf · D −...

ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS&

ECOSYSTEM

Which of the following levels oforganization is arranged in the correctsequence from most to least inclusive?

• 1. Ecosystem, community, population, individual• 2. Community, ecosystem, individual, population• 3. Individual, population, community, ecosystem• 4. Individual, community, population, ecosystem

• 1. Ecosystem, community, population, individual• 2. Community, ecosystem, individual, population• 3. Individual, population, community, ecosystem• 4. Individual, community, population, ecosystem

Important abiotic factors inecosystems include which of the

following?I. temperature II. water III. wind

• 1. I only• 2. II only• 3. III only• 4. I and II and III

• 1. I only• 2. II only• 3. III only• 4. I and II and III

Which of the following are correctstatement/s about light in aquatic

environments?• I. Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain

wavelengths of light.• II. Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water

probably utilize red light.• III. Light intensity is an important abiotic factor in

limiting the distribution of photosynthetic organisms.• 1. I only 2. II only• 3. I and III only• 4. II and III only

• I. Water selectively reflects and absorbs certainwavelengths of light.

• II. Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep waterprobably utilize red light.

• III. Light intensity is an important abiotic factor inlimiting the distribution of photosynthetic organisms.

• 1. I only 2. II only• 3. I and III only• 4. II and III only

Animals that rely on the heat from theenvironment, rather than metabolism,to raise their body temperature are, in

the strict sense, called

• 1. Ectothermic• 2. Poikilothermic• 3. Homeothermic• 4. Endothermic

Consider the following statements aboutcertain desert animals such as kangaroo rat?

• 1. They have dark colour and high rate of reproduction andexcrete solid urine

• 2. They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conservewater and have their body covered with thick hairs

• 3. They feed on dry seeds and do not require more water• 4. They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to

regulate body temperature

Which of the following statements of such animals aretrue?

• 1. 3 and 1 2. 1 and 2 3. 3 and 4 4. 2 and 3

• 1. They have dark colour and high rate of reproduction andexcrete solid urine

• 2. They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conservewater and have their body covered with thick hairs

• 3. They feed on dry seeds and do not require more water• 4. They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to

regulate body temperature

Which of the following statements of such animals aretrue?

• 1. 3 and 1 2. 1 and 2 3. 3 and 4 4. 2 and 3

A terrestrial animal must be able to

• 1. Conserve water• 2. Actively pumps salts out through the

skin• 3. Excrete large amount of salt in urine• 4. Excrete large amount of water in urine.

• 1. Conserve water• 2. Actively pumps salts out through the

skin• 3. Excrete large amount of salt in urine• 4. Excrete large amount of water in urine.

Identify the statement/s that is/are not thecharacteristic feature of xerophytes.I. Presence of thick cuticle on their leaf surfacesII. Presence of sunken stomata, both to reducetranspirationIII. Presence of special photosynthetic pathway (CAM),stomata closed during day time and remained open duringnight.IV. Xerophytes like Opuntia has no leaf- they are reducedto spines.V. Xerophytes have arenchyma

Identify the statement/s that is/are not thecharacteristic feature of xerophytes.I. Presence of thick cuticle on their leaf surfacesII. Presence of sunken stomata, both to reducetranspirationIII. Presence of special photosynthetic pathway (CAM),stomata closed during day time and remained open duringnight.IV. Xerophytes like Opuntia has no leaf- they are reducedto spines.V. Xerophytes have arenchyma• 1.I only• 2.I,II,III only• 3.IV only• 4.V only

Which of the following is not anexample of a plant defense against

herbivory?

• 1. Cryptic coloration• 2. Spines• 3. Nicotine• 4. Thorns

• 1. Cryptic coloration• 2. Spines• 3. Nicotine• 4. Thorns

Animals undergo inactive stageduring winter is known as

• 1. Aestivation• 2. Hibernation• 3. Adaptation• 4. Acclimatization

• 1. Aestivation• 2. Hibernation• 3. Adaptation• 4. Acclimatization

According to Allen's rule, the mammalsin cold regions have.....to conserve the

body heat• 1. Small extremities {legs, tails and ears}• 2. Longer extremities• 3. Larger body mass• 4. Smaller body mass

• 1. Small extremities {legs, tails and ears}• 2. Longer extremities• 3. Larger body mass• 4. Smaller body mass

ANSWER

The age pyramid with broadbase indicates,

• 1.High percentage of youngindividuals

• 2. High percentage of old individuals• 3. Low percentage of young

individuals• 4. A stable population

• 1.High percentage of youngindividuals

• 2. High percentage of old individuals• 3. Low percentage of young

individuals• 4. A stable population

What parameters are used for tigercensus in our country's national

parks and sanctuaries?

• 1. Pug marks only• 2. Pug marks and fecal pellets• 3. Fecal pellets only• 4. Actual head counts

• Counting the number• Percent cover• Relative density• Biomass.• For example the tiger census is based on Pug

marks and fecal pellets

• 1. Pug marks only• 2. Pug marks and fecal pellets• 3. Fecal pellets only• 4. Actual head counts

• Counting the number• Percent cover• Relative density• Biomass.• For example the tiger census is based on Pug

marks and fecal pellets

In a population, natality isbalanced by mortality, then there

will be,• 1. Decrease in population growth• 2. Zero population growth• 3. Increase in population growth• 4. over population

• 1. Decrease in population growth• 2. Zero population growth• 3. Increase in population growth• 4. over population

A biologist studied the population ofrats in a barn. He found that the averagenatality was 250, average mortality 240,immigration 20 and emigration 30 ,Thenet increase in population is

The net increase in population can be calculated using theformula, (B + I) − (D + E) where;

D − Death EIn the population studied by the biologist, the natality(Birth) was 250, mortality (Death) was 240, immigrationwas 20 and emigration was 30. According to the formula,

= 270 − 270= 0Therefore, the net increase in Population was zero.

A biologist studied the population ofrats in a barn. He found that the averagenatality was 250, average mortality 240,immigration 20 and emigration 30 ,Thenet increase in population is

• 1. 15• 2. 05• 3. zero• 4. 10

The net increase in population can be calculated using theformula, (B + I) − (D + E) where;

D − Death EIn the population studied by the biologist, the natality(Birth) was 250, mortality (Death) was 240, immigrationwas 20 and emigration was 30. According to the formula,

= 270 − 270= 0Therefore, the net increase in Population was zero.

In the formula for biotic potential(dN/dt = riN), what does N stand for?

• 1.the carrying capacity of the environment• 2. the change in time• 3. the number of individuals in the

population• 4. the intrinsic rate of natural increase of

the population

• 1.the carrying capacity of the environment• 2. the change in time• 3. the number of individuals in the

population• 4. the intrinsic rate of natural increase of

the population

The population of insect species shows anexplosive increase in numbers during rainy

season followed by its disappearance atthe end of the season. What does this

show?• 1. The food plants mature and die at the end of the

rainy season• 2. Its population growth curve is of J-type• 3. The population of its predators increases

enormously• 4. S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect

• Exponential growth:• The Exponential growth

equation is Nt = N0ert

• Nt = Population densityafter time t

• N0 = Population• density at time zero• r = intrinsic rate of• natural increase• e = the base of natural

logarithms (2.71828

• 1. The food plants mature and die at the end of therainy season

• 2. Its population growth curve is of J-type• 3. The population of its predators increases

enormously• 4. S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect



• Nt = Population densityafter time t

• N0 = Population• density at time zero• r = intrinsic rate of• natural increase• e = the base of natural

logarithms (2.71828

The change in population size at a given timeinterval t, is given by the expression,

Nt=N0+B+I-D-EI, B and D stand respectively for

• 1. Rate of immigration, mortality rate, natality rate• 2. Mortality rate, rate of immigration, natality rate• 3. Mortality rate, natality rate, rage of immigration• 4. Rate of immigration, natality rate, mortality rate

• 1. dN/dt=rN• 2. dt/dN=dt• 3. dN/rN=dt• 4. rN/dN-dt


The formula for exponentialpopulation growth is

• The population size is N.• The total birth rate is represented as ‘b’.• The total death rate is represented as ‘d’.• Then the increase or decrease in N during a

unit time period ‘t(dN/dt) will be• dN/dt=(b-d)xN• Let,(b-d)=r,• Then, dN/dt=N



• The population size is N.• The total birth rate is represented as ‘b’.• The total death rate is represented as ‘d’.• Then the increase or decrease in N during a

unit time period ‘t(dN/dt) will be• dN/dt=(b-d)xN• Let,(b-d)=r,• Then, dN/dt=N

In the sigmoid growth curve theupper asymptote represents the

period of• 1. Establishment• 2. Positive acceleration• 3. Negative acceleration• 4. Equilibrium

• When responses are limitingthe Growth.

• Resources for growth formost animal populationsare finite and become limiting.

• The logistic growth model is amore realistic one




• 1. Establishment• 2. Positive acceleration• 3. Negative acceleration• 4. Equilibrium







Which of the following wouldnecessarily decrease the density of a

population in a given habitat?

• 1. Natality, Mortality• 2. Immigration and Emigration• 3. Mortality and emigration• 4. Natality and immigration

• 1. Natality, Mortality• 2. Immigration and Emigration• 3. Mortality and emigration• 4. Natality and immigration

A field mouse population grew from 173one year to 1876 the next year. This

would best describe which term?

• 1. Dynamic equilibrium• 2. carrying capacity• 3. Population explosion• 4. Natality

• 1. Dynamic equilibrium• 2. carrying capacity• 3. Population explosion• 4. Natality

With regards to its rate of growth, apopulation that is growing

logistically_____

• 1. grows fastest when density is lowest• 2. Has a high intrinsic rate of increase• 3. Grows fastest as an intermediate

population density• 4. Grows fastest as it approaches carrying

capacity

• 1. grows fastest when density is lowest• 2. Has a high intrinsic rate of increase• 3. Grows fastest as an intermediate

population density• 4. Grows fastest as it approaches carrying

capacity

A population would growexponentially…

• 1. If it were limited only by densitydependent factors

• 3. until it reaches carrying capacity• 4. If there were no limiting factors• 5. If it were a k selected population

• 1. If it were limited only by densitydependent factors

• 3. until it reaches carrying capacity• 4. If there were no limiting factors• 5. If it were a k selected population

Which of the following is NOT one ofthe four factors that play a role in

growth rate?• 1. Immigration• 2. Death rate• 3. Emigration• 4. Demography

• 1. Immigration• 2. Death rate• 3. Emigration• 4. Demography

Which one of the following isnot a parasitic adaptation?

• 1. Loss of unnecessary sense organs• 2. Development of adhesive organs• 3. Loss of digestive organs• 4. Loss of reproductive capacity

• 1. Loss of unnecessary sense organs• 2. Development of adhesive organs• 3. Loss of digestive organs• 4. Loss of reproductive capacity

Interaction in which one partner isbenefited and other is unaffected is

called

• 1. Amensalism• 2. Scavenging• 3. Commensalism• 4. Symbiosis

• 1. Amensalism• 2. Scavenging• 3. Commensalism• 4. Symbiosis

A sedentary sea anemone getsattached to the shell lining of hermit

crab. The association is

• 1. Symbiosis• 2. Commensalism• 3. Amensalism• 4. Ectoparasitism

• 1. Symbiosis• 2. Commensalism• 3. Amensalism• 4. Ectoparasitism

Mycorrhiza show

• 1. Amensalism• 2. Parasitism• 3. Commensalism• 4. Mutualism

• 1. Amensalism• 2. Parasitism• 3. Commensalism• 4. Mutualism

Lichens are well known combinationof an alga and an fungus where a

fungus is,• 1. An epiphytic relationship with the alga• 2. A parasitic relationship with the alga• 3. A symbiotic relationship with the alga• 4. A saprophytic relationship with the alga

• 1. An epiphytic relationship with the alga• 2. A parasitic relationship with the alga• 3. A symbiotic relationship with the alga• 4. A saprophytic relationship with the alga

Animals have the innate ability toescape from predation. Examples forthe same are given below. Select the

incorrect example.• 1. Colour change in chameleon• 2. Enlargement of body size by swallowing air

in puffer fish• 3. Poison fangs in snakes• 4. Melanism in moths

• 1. Colour change in chameleon• 2. Enlargement of body size by swallowing air

in puffer fish• 3. Poison fangs in snakes• 4. Melanism in moths

An association between twoindividuals or population where bothare benefitted and where neither can

survive without the other is• 1. Commensalism• 2. Amensalism• 3. Proto-cooperation• 4. Mutualism

• 1. Commensalism• 2. Amensalism• 3. Proto-cooperation• 4. Mutualism

An insect that has evolved toresemble a plant twig will probably

be able to avoid• 1. Competition.• 2. Parasitism.• 3. Commensalism.• 4. Predation.

• 1. Competition.• 2. Parasitism.• 3. Commensalism.• 4. Predation.

A relationship in which a member of onespecies obtains its nourishment by living on,

in, or near a member of another speciesover an extended time is best labeled

• 1. Competition.• 2. Predation.• 3. Mutualism.• 4. Parasitism.

• 1. Competition.• 2. Predation.• 3. Mutualism.• 4. Parasitism.

Predators of insects are severelyaffected by pesticides because they

• 1. Are especially sensitive to chemicals• 2. Have rapid reproduction rates• 3. Store the pesticides in their tissues• 4. Consume prey in which pesticides are

most concentrated

• 1. Are especially sensitive to chemicals• 2. Have rapid reproduction rates• 3. Store the pesticides in their tissues• 4. Consume prey in which pesticides are

most concentrated

Which one of the following is mostappropriately defined?

• 1. Host is an organism which provides food toanother organism.

• 2. Amensalism is a relationship in which onespecies is benefited and the other is unaffected.

• 3. Predator is an organism that catches and killsother organism for food.

• 4. Parasite is an organism which always livesinside the body of other organism and may kill it.

• 1. Host is an organism which provides food toanother organism.

• 2. Amensalism is a relationship in which onespecies is benefited and the other is unaffected.

• 3. Predator is an organism that catches and killsother organism for food.

• 4. Parasite is an organism which always livesinside the body of other organism and may kill it.

Which of the following statements isconsistent with the competitive

exclusion principle?• 1. The density of one competing species will have a

positive impact on the population growth of the othercompeting species.

• 2. Even a slight reproductive advantage willeventually lead to the elimination of inferior species.

• 3. Bird species generally do not compete for nestingsites.

• 4. Evolution tends to increase competition betweenrelated species.

• 1. The density of one competing species will have apositive impact on the population growth of the othercompeting species.

• 2. Even a slight reproductive advantage willeventually lead to the elimination of inferior species.

• 3. Bird species generally do not compete for nestingsites.

• 4. Evolution tends to increase competition betweenrelated species.

Resource partitioning is bestdescribed by which of the following

statements?• 1. Species diversity is maintained by switching

between prey species.• 2. A climax community is reached when no new

niches are available.• 3. Slight variations in niche allow similar species to

coexist.• 4. Two species can co-evolve and share the same

niche.

• 1. Species diversity is maintained by switchingbetween prey species.

• 2. A climax community is reached when no newniches are available.

• 3. Slight variations in niche allow similar species tocoexist.

• 4. Two species can co-evolve and share the sameniche.

Two barnacles, Balanus and Chthamalus, can bothsurvive on the lower rocks just above the low tide

line on the Scottish coast, but only Balanusactually does so, with Chthamalus adopting a

higher zone. Which of the following best accountsfor this niche separation?

Two barnacles, Balanus and Chthamalus, can bothsurvive on the lower rocks just above the low tide

line on the Scottish coast, but only Balanusactually does so, with Chthamalus adopting a

higher zone. Which of the following best accountsfor this niche separation?

• 1. Predation of Chthamalus by Balanus• 2. Primary succession• 3. Cooperative displacement• 4. Competitive exclusion

A bird introduce from another countrybecomes a serious pest due to

• 1. Better adaptation to new area• 2. Increased sexual reproduction• 3. Better nesting habitats• 4. Absence of natural predators

• 1. Better adaptation to new area• 2. Increased sexual reproduction• 3. Better nesting habitats• 4. Absence of natural predators

Zebra mussel populations are growingexplosively in the river systems of the

central United States. The best explanationfor this unchecked population growth is

that• 1. Predators are too few to slow down population

growth of the mussels.• 2. A mutation caused by pollution has increased their

reproductive rate.• 3. They are better adapted to the environment than

competing species.• 4. They are feeding on a source of food that had

previously been underutilized.

• 1. Predators are too few to slow down populationgrowth of the mussels.

• 2. A mutation caused by pollution has increased theirreproductive rate.

• 3. They are better adapted to the environment thancompeting species.

• 4. They are feeding on a source of food that hadpreviously been underutilized.

In 2005, for each of the 14 million peoplepresent in a country, 0-028 were born and

0-008 were died during the year. Usingexponential equation, the number of

people present in 2015 is predicted as,



• Nt = Population• density after time t• N0 = Population densi

ty at time zero• r = intrinsic rate of na

tural increase• e = the base of natur

al logarithms (2.71828

In 2005, for each of the 14 million peoplepresent in a country, 0-028 were born and

0-008 were died during the year. Usingexponential equation, the number of

people present in 2015 is predicted as,

• 1. 25 million• 2. 17 million• 3. 20 million• 4. 18 million



• Nt = Population• density after time t• N0 = Population densi

ty at time zero• r = intrinsic rate of na

tural increase• e = the base of natur

al logarithms (2.71828

Which of the following is dominatedby plants that drop their leaves to

conserve water?• 1. Desert• 2. Coniferous forest• 3. Tropical forest• 4. Temperate forest

• 1. Desert• 2. Coniferous forest• 3. Tropical forest• 4. Temperate forest

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