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Roll no.30
MuhammadAli Arshad
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How much managers effect on an
organization?
Omnipotent view
Symbolic view
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What is omnipotent view?
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Managers can control internal issues
Hiring
Firing
Division ofwork
Policies
Followobjectives and goals
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What is symbolic view?
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Managers can not control issuescreated by external forces
External forces are divided into twoCategories.
External Micro forces
External Macro forces
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What are external micro forces?
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External Micro Forces
Customers
Distributors Suppliers
Competitors
Innovations
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What are external macro forces?
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External Macro Forces
Demographic Forces
Political and legal Forces Economic Forces
GovernmentPolicies
Natural Forces
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Quick Review
Two schoolofthoughts
OmnipotentView
Internal
Issues
Managersare fully
responsible
SymbolicView
ExternalMicro forces
ExternalMacro forces
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Roll no.3
Asma Ejaz
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Outline
What is organizational culture ?
Strong culture and Weak Culture Where culture comes from & how it
continues
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What is organizational culture
The shared values ,principles,traditions and
ways of doing things that influence the
way in which organizational members act.
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1. Culture is aperception
-from whatthey hear
-fromwhatthey see
-fromwhatthey
experiencefrom within theorganization
2.Whether they- come from different
backgrounds- hold differentpositionsthey tend to describe the
organization in similarways (shared)
3. Organizationalculture is
descriptive-Concerned withhowmembersperceive the
organization nothowthey like it.-They do not evaluate it.
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Dimensions ofOrganizational Culture
Innovation and risk taking
Attention to detail
Outcome orientation
People orientation
Team orientation
Aggressiveness
Stability
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There are two types of culture
Strong culture
Weak culture
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Strong culture
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Weakculture Organizationalculture in which key
values are not
strongly held and
widely shared
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HowOrganization Cultures Form
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Selection
Concerned withhowwell the candidateswill fitintothe organization.
Providesinformation to candidates abouttheorganization.
Top Management
Senior executiveshelp establishbehavioral normsthatare adopted by the organization.
Socialization
The processthathelps new employees adaptto theorganizationsculture.
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Roll no.34
Ateeb Amjad
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HowEmployees Learn Culture
Stories
Rituals
Material Symbols
Language
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Stories Employees can learn culture of an
organization through the stories narratedbyothers specially by senior staff
The stories about rules and regulationscan help to understand the actions and
reactions of top management
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Rituals are repetitive sequences ofactivities that express and reinforce thekey values of the organization like:
what goals are most important
which people are important
which people are expendable.
Rituals
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Manyorganizations and units within
organizations use language as a way to identify
members of a culture or subculture. By learning this
language, members attest to their acceptance of the culture
and help to preserve it.
Different terms and language are used in different
organizations.They have theirown terminologywhich is
understandable only for the employees of that organization.
Language
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Material symbols
Means what type ofwork environment inthe organization: whether it is
formal,casual fun or serious.
How employees are dress up and What
type of facilities are provided to them.
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How culture affects managers
Organizations culture affects managers
actions and reactions.
They learn from culture what to do and
not to do in theirorganization.
Strong culture influences and constrainsthe way managers plan,organize,lead and
control
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Planning
The degree of risk that plans should
contain
Whether plans should b developed by
individuals or team
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Organizing
The degree towhich departmentmanagers interact with each other
Whether tasks should be done by
individuals or in team
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Leading
What leadership styles are appropriate
The degree towhich managers are
concerned with increasing employee job
satisfaction
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Controlling
Whether to impose external controls or toallow employees to control theirown
actions
What criteria should be to improveemployees performance
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Roll no.14
Usman Sarwar
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How Environment Affects
Managers.
Degree ofEnvironmental Uncertainty.
Relationshipbetween organization and itsstakeholders.
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Environmentaffects
managersintwo ways.
Degree ofEnvironmentalUncertainty
Relationswithstakeholders
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Environmental Uncertainty
Environmental Uncertainty isthe degree of
change an complexity in the organizationalenvironment.
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EnvironmentalUncertainty
Degreeof
Change
StableEnvironment
DynamicEnvironment
Complexity
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Stable Environment
Predictable
Fewcompetitors Little influence by pressure groups
Fewtechnological breakthrough
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Dynamic Environment
Highly Uncertain
Fewcompetitorscan cause great degree ofchange
Technological breakthroughcan cause
dynamicchanges
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Environmental Complexity
The other dimension ofuncertainty describes
the degree of environmental complexity. Number ofcomponents
Number ofcustomers
Expansion Supplier
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Organization's relations with
stakeholders
Stakeholders are any entity related to
organizations environmentthat are affectedby the organizations decision.
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Organization
employees
Customers
Social & Politicalaction groups
competitors
Trade &Industrial
AssociationsGovernment
Media
Suppliers
Shareholders
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Outcome
These above said factors of environment
affect managersin a great deal. Predict or forecastuncertainty.
Minimize the complexity.
Maintain relationswithstakeholders.