Date post: | 10-Aug-2015 |
Category: |
Leadership & Management |
Upload: | malak-habibullah |
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Specialization• Its also called division of labour• Degree to which activities in an organization is sub
divided into separate jobs.• Term division of labour was first introduced by ADAM
SMITH.
Advantages• Increase productivity
• Decrease production time
• Decrease training cost
• More leisure
Centralized Organization
• Type of organization in which major decisions are made by senior management team and there is no communications with the members of other departments.
Decentralized organization• Decentralization means delegation of
– authority– responsibility and– accountibility.
In this type of organization significant level of authority is delegated to the lower level of organization
Advantages• Faster decision-making without resort to higher level
consultation.
• Excellent training experience for promotion to higher level management.
• Decisions better adapted to local conditions.
Span of Management• The numer of employee who directly report to a single manager.
• it is generally expressed as ratio of manager to employee.
• Span of control 1:4 means 4 subordinates are controlled by a single manager.
Narrow span of control
• Also called tall span of control.
• When a limited number of employee report to a single manager.
Advantages• Ease of communication with employee
• Easy to control the employee
• More effective feedback from employee
• Less management skills are required
Disadvantages• Increase cost
• More complicated
• Lower employee are out of touch with higher managemnent team
Advantages• Less stratification is there, so message convayed to
lower staff is faster.
• Less number of managers are required so cost of the organization is decreased.