Organizational Behavior

(MGT-502)

Lecture-4

Summaryof

Lecture-3

OrganizationA systematic arrangement of people to

accomplish some specific purpose.

VU

Steel Mills

Govt. Agencies

Hospitals

Glossary Store

United Nations

Organizations as Systems

Outputs: Products Services

Inputs:MaterialCapitalHuman

Task environment:CompetitorsUnionsRegulatory agenciesClients

Structure

Task Technology

People(Actors)

Organizational Boundary

How does an Organization Create

Value?

Management and Myths

What Managers can do and what Managers can’t do when managing people, organizations and society.

Today’s Topics

Managerial Perspectives on Organizational Behavior

Organizational behavior is not a designated function or area. Rather, it is a perspective or set of tools that all managers can use to carry out their

jobs more effectively.

A Knowledge of Organizational Behavior Helps Managers:

Better Understand the Behavior of

Those Around Them

Better Understand the Basic Issues of

Leadership

Better Interact with Colleagues, Peers,

and Co-Workers

Better Interact with Suppliers,

Customers, and Competitors

10

Understanding Work Behavior

Manager’s Role Includes: Observing and recognizing the

differencesStudying relationships between variables

that influence individual behaviorDiscovering and predicting relationships

Part-I The Individual• Ability & Learning

• Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

• Personality & Emotions

• Perception & Individual Decision Making

• Basic Motivation Concepts

• Motivation and its Applications

Understanding

the Basics of

Human Behavior

Heredity EnvironmentIndividualDifferencesFramework

Work-RelatedBehaviors

Work-RelatedAttitudes

Abilitiesand Skills

Values

Demographic FactorsDemographic factors include a number of

individual differences that influence behavioral choices

Socioeconomic Background

Educational Attainment

Nationality

AgeRace

Gender

Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 2 15

BiographicalCharacteristics

MaritalStatus

Gender

Tenure

Age

Variables Influencing Individual Behavior

The Environment• Organization• Work group

• Job• Personal life

The Person• Skills & abilities

• Personality• Perceptions

• Attitudes•Values• Ethics

BehaviorB = B = ff(P,E)(P,E)

Individual DifferencesTo Understand Individual

Differences a Manager Must

Study relationshipsbetween variables

that influenceindividualbehavior

Study relationshipsbetween variables

that influenceindividualbehavior

Discoverrelationships

Discoverrelationships

Observe and recognize the

differences

Observe and recognize the

differences

Why focus on individuals?

A lot of athletes say they want to be part of a cohesive team—but they also want their name printed on the back of their jerseys in 6-inch-high block letters.

-S.P.Robbins

PersonalitySelf-concept

Internal processesValues

AttitudesEmotionsAbilities

Behavior

Individual Differences

• Individual Differences– Personal attributes that vary from one person

to another.– Individual differences include personality,

attitudes, perception, and creativity.

Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 1 23

Model of Organizational Behavior

• Independent variables – Individual– Group– Organizational

• Dependent variables– Attitudinal– Performance-related

Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 1 24

The The DependentDependentVariablesVariables

ProductivityProductivityProductivityProductivity

AbsenteeismAbsenteeismAbsenteeismAbsenteeism

Job SatisfactionJob SatisfactionJob SatisfactionJob Satisfaction

OrganizationalOrganizationalCitizenshipCitizenship

OrganizationalOrganizationalCitizenshipCitizenship

TurnoverTurnoverTurnoverTurnover

Motivation Individualbehaviour andperformance

MARS model of behaviour and performance

Roleperceptions

Situationalfactors

Ability

MM

AA

RR

SS

BARBAR

Employee ability

Natural aptitudes and learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task–competencies personal characteristics that lead to

superior performance–person job matching

• select qualified people• develop employee

abilities through training• redesign job to fit

person's existing abilities

Employee role perceptions

Beliefs about what behaviour is required to achieve the desired results:

–understanding what tasks to perform

–understanding relative importance of tasks

–understanding preferred behaviours to accomplish tasks

Situational factors

Environmental conditions beyond the individual’s short-term control that constrain or facilitate behaviour

– time– people– budget– work facilities

Types ofwork-related

behaviour

Joining theorganisation

Remainingwith the

organisation

Maintainingwork

attendance

Exhibitingorganisational

citizenship

Performingrequired

tasks

Types of work-related behaviour

Performance

Why Do We Care?

OpportunityMotivation

Performance = f (Ability, Motivation, Opportunity)

Ability

PERFORMANCE

The Psychological Contract

- Effort

- Ability

- Loyalty

- Skills

- Time

- Competencies

- Pay

- Job Security

- Benefits

- Career Opportunities

- Status

- Promotion Opportunities

Contributions from the Individual

Inducements from the Organization

The Person-Job Fit

• Person-Job Fit– The extent to which the contributions

made by the individual match the inducements offered by the organization.

Let’s stop

it here

Summary

Understanding

the Basics of

Human Behavior

Variables Influencing Individual Behavior

The Environment• Organization• Work group

• Job• Personal life

The Person• Skills & abilities

• Personality• Perceptions

• Attitudes•Values• Ethics

BehaviorB = B = ff(P,E)(P,E)

Types ofwork-related

behaviour

Joining theorganisation

Remainingwith the

organisation

Maintainingwork

attendance

Exhibitingorganisational

citizenship

Performingrequired

tasks

Types of work-related behaviour

Next….

Challenges to Organizations

Globalization Diversity

Technology

Ethics

Organizational Behavior

(MGT-502)

Lecture-4