OORGANIZATIONAL

CULTUREORGANIZATIONAL

CULTURE

An organization is a social entity that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment .Where culture is the distinct ways that people living in different parts of the world classified and represented their experiences and acted creatively.

INTRODUCTION:

Organizational Culture

The basic pattern of shared values and assumptions governing the way employees within an organization think about and act on problems and opportunities.A set of values or beliefs that is unique to any one organization

The Nature of Organizational Culture

Organizational culture Shared values and beliefs enabling

members to understand their roles and the norms of the organization, including:▪ Observed behavioral regularities, typified by

common language, terminology, rituals▪ Norms, reflected by things such as the amount

of work to do and the degree of cooperation between management and employees

▪ Dominant values that the organization advocates and expects participants to share ▪ low absenteeism, high efficiency

Organizational Culture

Why is this topic important?

Helps you assess career opportunities and how you might fit into an organization

Helps you assess how to succeed within an organization or whether it is possible

Taught to new members as the correct way to think, feel, and behave

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Emergence and Purpose of Culture

Provides sense of organizational identity

Two critical functions in organizations:

1. To integrate members so they know how to relate to one another

2. To help organization adapt to external environment

Internal Integration – collective identity and know how to work together

External Adaption – how the organization meets goals and deals with outsiders©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Positive Aspects of an Organizational Culture

Guides decision making Provides identity for members Amplifies commitment Guides employee behavior Provides justification for actions Helps members construct proper

attitudes and behaviors Contributes to socialization of new

members Enhances member feeling of belonging

and commitment.

Elements of Organizational Culture

Visible

• Unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or beliefs

• Mental models of ideals

Shared assumptions

• Conscious beliefs• Evaluate what is good or bad, right or

wrong

Shared values

ArtifactsArtifacts

• Stories/legends• Rituals/ceremonies• Organizational language• Physical structures/décor

• Stories/legends• Rituals/ceremonies• Organizational language• Physical structures/décor

Invisible(below the surface)

Artifacts of Organizational Culture

Organizational Culture

Visible Signs of Strong Organizational Culture

Stories Heroes Rituals Ceremonies Symbols Myths

Artifacts: Stories and Legends

Social prescriptions of desired (undesired) behavior

Provides a realistic human side to expectations

Most effective stories and legends: Describe real people Assumed to be true Known throughout the

organization Are prescriptive

Artifacts: Rituals and Ceremonies

Rituals programmed routines (e.g, how visitors are greeted)

Ceremonies planned activities for an audience (e.g, award ceremonies)

Artifacts: Organizational Language

Words used to address people, describe customers, etc.

Leaders use phrases and special vocabulary as cultural symbols eg. Referring to “clients” rather than

“customers” Language also found in subcultures

eg. Whirlpool’s “PowerPoint culture”

Artifacts: Physical Structures/Symbols

Building structure -- may shape and reflect culture Office design conveys cultural meaning

Furniture, office size, wall hangings

Courtesy of Microsoft Corp.

Types of Cultures

The Clan Culture A very friendly place

to work where people share a lot of themselves. It is like an extended family.

Types of Cultures

The Hierarchy Culture A very formalized

structured place to work. Procedures govern what people do.

.

Types of Cultures

The Adhocracy Culture A dynamic

entrepreneurial, and creative place to work. People stick their necks out and take risks.

Types of Cultures

The Market Culture A results oriented

organization whose major concern is with getting the job done. People are competitive and goal-oriented.

.

Framework of Types of Cultures

Formal Control

Orientation

Forms of Attention

Flexible

Stable

Internal External

ClanCulture

Hierarchy/Bureaucratic

Culture

MarketCulture

Adhocracyculture

Adaptive Organizational Cultures

External focus -- firm’s success depends on continuous change

Focus on processes more than goals

Strong sense of ownership

Proactive --seek out opportunities

AP/Wide World

Benefits of Strong Corporate Cultures

StrongOrganizationalCulture

SocialControl

ImprovesSense-Making

SocialGlue

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Possible Outcomes of the organization Process

Job satisfaction Role clarity High work motivation Understanding of

culture, perceived control

High job involvement Commitment to

organization Tenure High performance Internalized values

Job dissatisfaction Role ambiguity and

conflict Low work motivation Misunderstanding,

tension, perceived lack of control

Low job involvement Lack of commitment

to organization Absenteeism,

turnover Low performance Rejection of values

Successful organization isreflected in:

Unsuccessful organization isreflected in: