Date post: | 10-Feb-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ewmi-access |
View: | 240 times |
Download: | 1 times |
of 217
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
1/217
2013
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
2/217
1
DISCLAIMER
-- -- - (EWMI) --
,
(G-PAC).
,
(USAID).
USAID-
.
Development of the Organizational Theory Course project is implemented through the
Policy, Advocacy, and Civil Society Development in Georgia (G-PAC) program of East-West
Management Institute (EWMI).
This program was made possible by the generous support of the American people through
the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
The contents of this Georgian Reader do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the
United States Government.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
3/217
2
:
I. - .3II. - .5
III. , - .11IV.
- .21V. - .24
VI. - .26VII. - .29
VIII. - .49IX. - .57X. ,
, - .65XI. - .73
XII. - .79XIII. - .87XIV.
- .106XV. - .109
XVI. - .137 1: , - .159 2: - .191
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
4/217
3
I
:, ,
? - ,
(1).
.
, ,
,
.
,
:
- - - (Responsiveness) -
- -
-
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
5/217
4
- ,
:
,
. ,
- ..
, .
.
,
- .
, , ;.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
6/217
5
II
1.
:
1. ?2. ?3.
?
, ,
,
.
.
2.
.
: :
-
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
7/217
6
-
-
-
-
3. ():
-
- ,
- , , ;
-
-
- .
4.
:
-
-
-
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
8/217
7
-
-
-
-
-
::
- (, )
- ( ,
,
)
- (, ,
, Overall
,
,
). , CEO (Chief Executive Officer)
.
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
9/217
8
:
1.
;
2. ;
3.
;
4. , ,, ; ,
, ;
5.
,
, ;
,
6. , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
10/217
9
7. ;
8.
; , ;
9. ; ;
;
10. ; ;
.
_
1. --
-, , -
-
-
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
11/217
10
2. _
-
-
-
-
3. --
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
12/217
11
III,
, .
.
, . ,
.
,
.
, ()
.
. :
, (, , )
,
, ;
;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
13/217
12
,
, ; .
, , -, , ,
.
. : ,
, ,
, -, , ,
- .
.
, ,
. ,
, .
( , ,
..)
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
14/217
13
(, , ,
,).
(, ,
,
, ,
,
, )
, ,
. .
, ,
..,
, , .
(F.E. Emery, E.L. Trist) .
,
. ,
,
, , , .
.
,
, , ,
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
15/217
14
.
,
.
-
, :
;
.
,
. ,
.
.
.
() .
.. . ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
16/217
15
- ,
. , ,
,
,
,
, , ,
..
. , ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
(,
, ..). ,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
. ,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
17/217
16
- - .
;
,
, ,
, .
;
.
.
;
,
.
.
.
.
-
,
.
- , , ;
.
.
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
18/217
17
,
, ,
,
.
. ,
, ,
, .
,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
(
).
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
19/217
18
, 1(CEO)
- (., ,
)
()
,
: ,
1Rainey H.G. Understanding and managing public organizations, 2003, p.102
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
20/217
19
PESTEL
,
.
PESTEL- , ,
:
P - : ; ; ;
;
,
; ,
; ,; .
E : ; ; ; ; ;
.
S : ; ; ; ; ;
;.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
21/217
20
T : ; ,; ;
.
E : ;
; ;
;
.
L : ; ; ;
;
.
PESTEL (),
.
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
22/217
21
IV
: , , ,.
: , , ?
?
?
: , , ,
,, , .
: ?
?
, ?
?
? ,
() ?
: , , .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
23/217
22
: ? , ,
?
,
? ?
: ,, .
: ?
? ,
?
: , , , .
: ?
?
?
: , , (Policy) (Politics).
: ()?
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
24/217
23
(Public Good)?
?
?
, ,
? (, 1, .9)
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
25/217
24
V
- -,
, ,
, ;
, , ,
. :
, -
- - ;
, ;
, , , Organizational
Performance. :
1. 1) 2)
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
26/217
25
3) (, )
4) () 2.
, ,
(Public Choice) ,
, ,
,
, ,
.
3.
. ,
,
- ,
,
,
,
.
,
, - -
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
27/217
26
VI:
1) - ,,,
,
2) -,
,
3) -, 4) -,
,
/:
.
().
.
.
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
28/217
27
,
.
().
,
(Performance) .
.
,
/ - (MfR).
,
.
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
29/217
28
- , ; .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
30/217
29
VII
,
. : ,
, .
Downs (1967) Inside Bureaucracy
. ,
. ,
,
.
,
. , ..
(, ,
, )
, , ,
, , .
Hummel (1994) The Bureaucratic Experience
,
,
, , .. Inhuman beings -
.
,
;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
31/217
30
, .
.. .
:,.
,
. ( )
Policy .
. Policy Setting-, .
:,
. ,
, ,
.
, .
, XX. ,
, ,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
32/217
31
. ,
.
,
,
; ,
,
,
,
. ,
,
. , ,
,
, .
,
,
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
, , ,
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
33/217
32
,
.
,
.
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
, .
/ , .
,
, , ,
. ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
34/217
33
:
. ,
,
,
. ,
,
, .
,
,
, .
: ,
?
?
:
1.
2.
3. -
,
.
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
35/217
34
.
, , ,
.
:
,
, , .
,
, . ,
. - ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
- , -.
. ,
.
, -
.
. -
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
36/217
35
, , -,
. ,
, .
-
. ,
,
.
,
. ,
* .
:
, -
, ,
.
.
,
.
, . ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
37/217
36
,
, -
.
, .
,
. ,
,
,
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
: ,
, , ,
, .
,
.,
. ,
, .
,
,
,
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
38/217
37
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
. ,
,
. , ,
, ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
. -,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
39/217
38
-
.
. , ,
,
, .
,
,
( )
.
, ,
, .
.
,
,
. : ,
.. , ,
.
, , , ,
.
, ,
,
.
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
40/217
39
.
.
,
. ,
,
,
.
.
, ,
. , ,
,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
,
:
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
41/217
40
,
,
, ,
,
.
, , .
, .
. ,
.
.
,
.
.
.
. ,
,
.
.
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
42/217
41
.
. ,
.
, ,
.
,.
.
.
,
.
,
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
43/217
42
.
, .
,
,
. ,
. ,
.
. , ,
.
, , -.
: .
.
.
, .
.
. , ,
.
.
. , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
44/217
43
, .
.
:
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
( )
, ,.
.
/
.
.
,
,
, .
,
, ,
,
, -
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
45/217
44
.
,
.
: ,
, ,
.
, .
, ,
, , ,
(Weber, Theory of Social and Economic
Organization, p.337). ,
. ,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
:
;
; ,
, XX
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
46/217
45
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
:
, . ,
.
,
.
,
.
. ,
.
,
. , ,
,
,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
47/217
46
. ,
,
,
.
, . ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
, .
,
, ,
;
, .
.
, , ,
.
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
48/217
47
- ,
.
, , , .
.
, -
.
, ,
.
,
.
, .
, ,
.
, . ,
.
. ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
49/217
48
,
:
. ,
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
.
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
50/217
49
VIII
1911 - . ,
.
.
:
1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4)
.
- , :
(Measuring Performance)
.
(Work
Perfomance) , .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
51/217
50
, ,
.
1900-:
(Waste)
:1.
2. 3.
1. - .. Soldiering, -
()
-
2. High-speed ( ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
52/217
51
)
3. :- - ,
, ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
53/217
52
,
, .
: (Waste) ;
;
,
.
/
.
: , . .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
54/217
53
Task setting - : , ().
Time study - - .
1) , ;
2) ;
3) .. , - ,
.
;
4) : +
.
: 300%- ; , .
Pig Iron Handling::
1.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
55/217
54
2.
3.
4.
5.
, :
;
;
(,
,
, ),
, ,
.
30-100%-.
, Gantt-
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
56/217
55
(Functional Foremanship) ,
,
.
. 8
() : .
:1. , ,
-, -
;
2. - (Eastern Rate Case -
1911 .);
3.
, ;4. .
; ; ; Job Descriptions; ; ;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
57/217
56
; ; Performance Measurement.
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
58/217
57
IX
, ,
,
,
. 1926 ,
,
(Leonard White,
Introduction to the Study of Public Administration, 1926).
,
.
.
.
(Henry Fayol) . (F.W. Willoughby) .
.
,
, ,
. ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
59/217
58
(Henry Fayol, 1841-1925),
XIX-XX
,
, . ,
, , ,
, .
,
. 1916
,
, . 1918
,
.
: ., ,
, , , ,
.
. ,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
60/217
59
, , ,
,
. : ,
, ,
.
14 , :
1.
;
2. ; ,
;
3.
.
, ;4.
;
;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
61/217
60
5. ,
;
6.
;
;7.
;8.
,
.
;9.
;
, ,
;10.
,
;
11.
;
12. / , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
62/217
61
,
;
13. , ;
, ,
;14.
,
.
, .
:
, ,
,
.
, .
,
.
, , ,
.
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
63/217
62
.
.
,
,
.
(James D. Mooney 1884-1957), .
, General Motors-
, .
, ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
. :
.
.
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
64/217
63
,
, .
.
.
, .
,
. ,
.
,
. .
,
. ,
,
, ,
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
65/217
64
. ,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
66/217
65
X, ,
- 1930-
. ,
,
.
.
. 1936
,
. (Luther
Gulick),
.
,
, .
,
. ,
,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
67/217
66
, ,
, .
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
. ,
, ,
,
,
:
;
.
. ,
,
.
V.S. - ,
; .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
68/217
67
,
.
- , , .
(Span of Control) - ,
.
(Unity of Command) - . (Homogenity) - ;
.
(Line-staff) - ,
.
,
.
,
: POSDCORB:
(Planning), (Organizing), (Staffing),
(Directing), (Coordinating), (Reporting)
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
69/217
68
(Budgeting).,
.
-:
. ,
.
, ,
, .
. , ,
, , ,
.
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
. . :,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
70/217
69
.
.
,
.
.
, , ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
. ,
(4 P) :
(Purpose), (, ..);
(Process), (,);
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
71/217
70
(Persons), (, );
(Place),. ,
XX
. ,
,
. , ,
, ,
,
.
.
,
,
.
, .
, .
,
,
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
72/217
71
.
,
.
(Charles A. Beard, Frederick A.
Cheveland)
.
:
1. ;
, .
2. ,
.
3. ,
.
4. .
5. , ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
73/217
72
6. .
7. ,
, .
, .
,
. ,
.
. ,
.
,
,
, , ,
, .
. 1
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
74/217
73
XI
, ,
.
, , ,
, ,
. 40-
(Herbert Simon)
(Dwight Waldo).
40- , ,
, POSDCORB-.
,
, ,
. ,
,
. , ,
.
, ,
,
, , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
75/217
74
,
.
, .
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
, ,
, . ,
,
.
. ,
.
-.
, ,
.
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
76/217
75
, .
, .
,
,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
,
. ,
.
, ,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
77/217
76
, ,
, .
.
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
, , ,
.
Charles Lindblom- ,
.
,
, ,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
78/217
77
.
, ,
. ,
,
. , ,
,
. . (Successive Limited
Comparison), . ,
,
, ,
.
,
.
XX ,
. ,
, ,
,
.
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
79/217
78
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
, .
,
, ,
.
, ,
. ,
, , ,
,
30-
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
80/217
79
XII
- , ,. ,
,
.
, (1820-1903) (1858-1917)
.
(1902 1979) .
,
,
.,
, ,
. ,
: , , -
(Herbert Spencer).
, ,
. , ,
, .
. , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
81/217
80
().
,
,
, ,
. ,
.
, ,
, , ,
(Scott, 2004).
, , ,
, .
(Powell and DiMaggio 1991) -
,
() .
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
82/217
81
, ,
(Scott, 1995, DiMaggio and Powell,
1983).
: ,
(Peter Hall,
Political Science and the Three New institutionalisms).
60-70
,
.
, ,
,
.
-
.
, ,
. ,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
83/217
82
, ,
() .
,
,
.
,
( ,
, ) ,
.
. ,
.
/
,
:
1) (calculus approach) ,
. , . .
2) :, .
. ,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
84/217
83
,
.
,
, ,
, .
, ,
, .
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
. (.941).
1970-
, (,
) (
, )
,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
85/217
84
(Williamson).
, (cross-national) ,
,
-
.
/:
- -
, , ,
(944-945)
,
.
, - ,
,
()
. ,
, .
;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
86/217
85
,
.
70-
,
,
,
, , ,
,
/. ,
(946-947);
,
?
:
1. , , ,
, ,
,
.
2. / : ,
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
87/217
86
.
.
, . ,
, ,
,
.
3. , ,
,
.
,
,
. ,
. ,
,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
88/217
87
X
. ,
,
, ,
- ,
.
:
1. ,
;
, ,
, ;
,
.
2. ,
,
;
.
, , :
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
89/217
88
. ,
,
,
, .
3.
() .
,
. ,
,
,
,
,
.
4.
.
,
. -
-
, .
,
,
-,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
90/217
89
,
.
,
, ,
,
,
. , ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
(. ,
..), ,
, .
, ,
.
,
,
,
. ,
,
, .
-,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
91/217
90
.
,
. , ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
,.
, ,
.
.
,
.
,
. ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
92/217
91
,
,
. ,
,
. , ,
-
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
, ,
,
. ,
,,
,
.
;
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
93/217
92
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
.
. ,
:
,
;
,
,
, .
:
1.
, .
,
, ;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
94/217
93
2.
,
;
3. ,
.
:
. ,
, , ,
, .
.
,
,
.
.
, ,
,
, ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
95/217
94
.
,
.
, ,
,
,
,
. ,
.
,
,
(,
, ).
, ,
,
, .
,
.
. ,
,
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
96/217
95
. ,
,
. , ,
.
, ,
. ,
.
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
: ,
, ,
,
.
.
,
, ,
, ,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
97/217
96
: ,
. ,
,
,
, - .
,
, . ,
.
-
.
, , ,
.
,
.
. , ,
,
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
98/217
97
.,
, , ,
- .. ,
.
,
, ,, ,
.. ,
,
, ,
. , ,
. ,
., ,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
, MBO (
) ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
99/217
98
.
,
,
,
, ,
.
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
, ,
, .
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
100/217
99
.,
,
. , -
,
.
. ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
,
, ,
; ,
,
. ,
,
.
, - 90-
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
101/217
100
.
-,
. , ,
. ,
..
, ,
. ,
.
,
.
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
102/217
101
. ,
,
, , ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
,, ,.
,
.
, ,
. ,
, -
,
,
. ,
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
103/217
102
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
104/217
103
- ;
- ;
-
;
- , ,
.
-
;
-
;
-
, ,
;
-
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
105/217
104
,
,
.
-
,
.
,
-
;
- (.
), ,
;
-
;
- , ,
,
:
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
106/217
105
(, )/
( , )
/ (Outcomes and Outputs)
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
107/217
106
XIV
-
/,
,
.
, ,
.
:
- (Goods) , .
,
. , ,
, ,
.
.
( ),
.
- ,
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
108/217
107
, -
.
- , , .
.
,
. ,
,
, .
, , ,
,
..
,
,
.
,
, ,
, ,
,
.
(Easton, 1979).
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
109/217
108
,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
110/217
109
XV
: , .MBO- ,
(Actual Performance)
.
,
,
.
MBO , , ,
,
,
.
MBO , ,
,
. ,
. MBO
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
111/217
110
MBO- :1. -
. ,
(Job satisfaction and
Commitment);
2. -
;
3. ;4. - ,
,
,
;
5. - ,
.
,
( , , , ,
, ,
..)
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
112/217
111
,
,
.
,
,
, (Results Chain).
, , ,
,
.
()
,
, , .
SMART:, ,
,,
., ,
. ,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
113/217
112
. SMART ,
:
Specific - :, .
.
, , ..
.
Measurable - : ,
.
Attainable - : , ,
.Relevant -
.
Time-Bound - .
, ,:
:
/
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
114/217
113
1. : , ,
, ;
2. , . ,
;
3. , .
;
4. ;5. :
;
6. ;7. .
SMART ::
: 1. ?
?
? ,
?
, ?
:
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
115/217
114
.
2. ? ,
?
:
- %, , (
10%, 50%, 25% )
- %, ( 10%, - 90%).
3. ? ?
, , ,
, . ,
,
.
4. ?
?
?
, .
5. ?
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
116/217
115
?
:
1. . ,
.
2. , , . ,
, ,
, ..
( ).
3.
, . ,
,
, .
4. , , ,
,
,
. MBO-
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
117/217
116
MBO- .
RBM (Results based Management)-. 1950-
, Peter Drucker-,
.. (Management by Objectives):
(Performance Evaluation)
RBM-.
,
.. Logical Framework
Logframe .
, 60- USAID-
. ,
,
.
.
90-
, ,
. ,,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
118/217
117
,
.
RBM-
()
- . ,
,
, , ,
, ,
.
RBM- .
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
1. ?RBM ,
,
. RBM ,
,
, . RBM-
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
119/217
118
,
. ,
, ,
. RBM ,
. RBM- , ,
.
RBM-
,
.
,
,
,
.
RBM ,
, , ,
.
RBM ,
, .
.
RBM ..
(Sustainable Development),
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
120/217
119
, ,
,
.
,
,
- , ,
.
RBM- : . , ,
, RBM-
, ,
,
. ,
.
:
1. Better implementation
, ;
,
, ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
121/217
120
, ,
.
2. Better communication
, ,
, ,
.
3. Stronger capacity development
,
. ,
,
.
,
.
4. More realistic project schedules
, ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
122/217
121
5. Useful evaluation results
. ,
, ,
. ,
.
,
,
, .
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
6. Reducing opportunities and pressures for corruption
(),
( )
, ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
123/217
122
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, .
2. ,
,
, .
, RBM
. RBM-
.
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
RBM-
,
.
RBM- :
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
124/217
123
(Resources) (Input) (Activities) (Outcomes) (, ) Outcomes
(Immediate, Intermediate and Ultimate),
(Impact) (Purpose) (Objectives) (Risk) (Risk Management) (Assumptions) (, ) Indicators
(For Activities, Results and Risk)
(Targets) (Measures) (Baseline Data) (Results Chains) (Logic Model) (Logical Framework) (Results Framework) (Performance Measurement Framework) (Performance Monitoring Framework) (Monitoring and Evaluation
System)
(Outcome Evaluations)
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
125/217
124
(DevelopmentEffectiveness Reviews)
(Impact Assessment)
: -- "Outputs", "Outcomes", "Impacts" --
,
.
"Results , "Goals"
"Objectives".
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
, RBM-
,
, .
RBM :
, ; ,
,
;
;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
126/217
125
, .
2. :
Outputs - Outcomes - , RBM- , (Input) ,
(Output),
.
,
, , , - ,
.
Outputs , (, Input)
. ,
/ - Activities
, .
Outcomes ,.
, , , , , .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
127/217
126
1.
2.
(Input) (Output)
(Outcome)
/(Impact)
;
;
.
;
.
;
.
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
128/217
127
Monitoring and Evaluation
RBM- .
(Performance Assessment) ,
.
:
,
;
, (Development
Results);
Ex-post, ;
.
-Top-down Bottom-up (Accountability):
,
, . ,
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
129/217
128
.
,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
.
.
, ,
,
. ,
. , ,
(., 65%),
.
.
,
.
.
, , ,
. , ,
.
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
130/217
129
. , ,
,
, :
()
, 1-10-
, , .
,
.
,
.
:
; (); (,
..)
:Inputs - , Interventions - , Outputs - , /Results - , .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
131/217
130
.
:
(Input)
(Intervention),
, (Output),
-
,
, .
, ,
, .
:
; -,
;
, -;
( ) .
1: : ;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
132/217
131
/- , ,
/;
; ;
:
;
;
;
.
: ,
.
: ;
;
, ;
;
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
133/217
132
2:
: ;
;
; ; ; .
: ;
;
; ; .
: ,
.
: ; ,
;
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
134/217
133
3: :
;
;
; ; /; ;
;
.
:
;
;
,
, ;
; ;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
135/217
134
;
;
.
:
;
.
:
;
, ;
;
.:: (
)? ,
? ?
? ?
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
136/217
135
? ?
?
? ?
?
? ?
?
?
? ?
? ?
?
? ?
? /
? (Evaluation) ,
, .
:
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
137/217
136
: , ;
: ;
: ; (Impact): , ,
, ;
: .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
138/217
137
XVI
, , -
,
,
- A De Gues, The Living Company
, , ,. , ,
,
. ,
. , , ,
.
, , ,
,
.
:
?
.
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
139/217
138
,
, .
. ,
,
- ,
. ,
-.
::: ,
, .
, , ,
. , ,
,
, .
,
,
,
, .
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
140/217
139
,
,
, . ., ,
.
, ,
,
, - . ,
, . ,
, ,
, .
.
: ,
,
, , . ,
, , - ,
.
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
141/217
140
- , .
,
.
, ,
,
; ,
, ,
.
:,,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
. ,
? ?
?
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
142/217
141
?
? ,
?
- -
? , , ,
.
. ,
,
, .
.
60-
, (Chris Argyris) (Edgar
Shein). ,
.
,
(Inputs and Outcomes).
,
.
(
)
:
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
143/217
142
.
,
.
-
, . , , ,
, -
. , ,
. .
, ,
. ,
, , , ,
, .
, ,
.
.
:
7% ; 38% (
);
55% .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
144/217
143
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
,
, , ,
.
-
. ,
.
, .
,
, ,
,
, .
, ,
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
145/217
144
. X
. ,
, ,
,
. , , , ,
,
,
.
, .
, ,
.
, , , ,
.
.
, ,
, ,
.
. , ,
.
.
, - , Workforce-.
.
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
146/217
145
,
( , ,
, , ,
).
, .
, ,
, ,
.
/ ,
, .
,
.
, -
, (John P. Kotter), Leading
Change (1995) The Heart of Change (2002)
, .
, ,
,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
147/217
146
()
1. - ( ,
);
2. ( ,
, ,
);
3. ( ,
.
);
4. ( , , ,
)
()
5. :
- - 6. ,
( ,
, ,);
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
148/217
147
,
7. ( ,
,
);
()
8. /:- ()
(Task Analysis) (Job Reorganization), , ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
. ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
149/217
148
,
.
. - ,
, .
.
. , ,
.
() .
- , -
.
. , - Approval.
- .
-, -
.
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
150/217
149
.
(Information and Communication
Technologies - ICT)
.
, , ,
,
.
, ,
,
.
(Poor Performance) (, , ,
, , ,);
,
(-, , );
.
Be respectful and helpful to people and they'll be respectful and helpful to you.: -
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
151/217
150
1: () , ,
. ,
, .
: ,
,
,.
,
.
2:, - , ,
. ,
,
. ,
.
, , ,
.
, . : , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
152/217
151
, , , , , .
.
3 - , : , , , .
4 - , , , - , .
, -
:;
;
: , ,
, ;
.
:
1. , ;2. ;3. ;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
153/217
152
4. . ,
.
:
- /- - - - , ?- -
.
; .
> > >
()
()
3
3
3
3
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
154/217
153
;
;
.
;
.
(
);
.
;
.
2
.
2
;
2
.
,
.
2
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
155/217
154
.
1
;
.
1
,
.
1
;
.
1
;
-
.
0
,
.
0
;
;
.
0
;
;
;
0
(
).
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
156/217
155
.
.
.
(, )
: .
: , .
, .
. ,
; .
, ,
-
-
.
,
.
.
, , , .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
157/217
156
, , , ,
.
.
, , .
:
1. - , ;
2. - Status Quo-;3. - , , ;4. .
,
.
?
?
?
?
.
, .
, , , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
158/217
157
. 10
, ,
,
,
.
1. .
,
,
.
-
,
.
, ,
, .
,
, .
,
.
D x V x F > R
D Dissatisfaction Status Quo-
V Vision
F First step
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
159/217
158
R Resistance -
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
160/217
159
1
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
, (Civil Service
Reform) , ,
,
; ,
, .
, , ,
, ,
.
.
, :
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
161/217
160
1. ; ,
;
2. ;
3.
, .
.
I
,
2200 .
, , , .
, ,
? ;
, ,
, . ,
.
,
.
(, ) ;
, , ,
;
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
162/217
161
.
,
,
.
.
:
? , ,
, ,
,
,
.
,
. , : ,
, ;
, ,
.
, ,
. .
, .
,
.
; ,
. ,
, .
: ?
, , ;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
163/217
162
. ,
: ,
.
, ; ,
.
,
. ,
, -16 .
,
, . ,
.
,
,
;
. ,
, , .
,
.
;
.
, .
- ,
:
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
164/217
163
, ,
,
;
, ,
, .
.
. ,
,
. .
;
; .
,
. ,
,
,
.
,
. .
. .
.
, ,
.
;
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
165/217
164
. , ,
. , ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
,
, .
. ,
, .
, ,
;
. -
,
.
,
,
.
? , .
.
,
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
166/217
165
,
, , ,
. ,
. .
, .
.
. , ,
, ,
.
, ,
;
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
, .
;
,
.
,
, ? :
, ,
, ; ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
167/217
166
. ,
.
, , .
, , . ,
,
,
, , ,
,
. ,
.
, ,
,
,
, . -
,
. ,
,
.
.
, ,
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
168/217
167
,
.
.
,
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
, ,
; ,
.
,
, ,
, .
,
.
,
;
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
169/217
168
,
. , .
,
.
, ,
. ,
,
;
,
. ,
III
, . ,
.
,
.
,
, .
. , .
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
170/217
169
,
. ,
, . ,
(
) ,
,
.
. , , ,
, .
, ,
,
,
.
,
,
. .
,
;
.
, , .
,
,
II-
, , .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
171/217
170
, ,
. ,
,
, ,
.
;
,
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
, ,
. ,
, .
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
172/217
171
.
.
, ,
,
- ,
. ,
, ,
, 50 ?
,
,
.
, , ,
, , ,
. , -
, . ,
. ,
. , , ,
.
, , ,
.
,?
, , ,
,
. .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
173/217
172
;
, ,
. ,
,
. , ,
,
, , ,
. , ,
. ,
. , ,
,
. :
, ,
, .
.
.
, ,
. ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
.
, ; ,
, ,
, , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
174/217
173
. ,
,
, ;
, (
), ,
,
.
,
. ,
,
. , .
,
,
.
,
.
, .
.
, .
. .
. , ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
175/217
174
, .
.
,
, ,
,
, ?
, ,
. ,
, ,
; , , ,
, .
-.
, , ,
. , ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
, . ,
?
II
.
; ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
176/217
175
.
,
; ,
. , ,
,
.
.
,
. ;
. ,
,
.
, ,
.
.
; ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
177/217
176
. ,
.
;
. , Bluntschli
. ,
,
. ,
, .
;
. ,
;
.
,
, :
,
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
178/217
177
, ,
,
, , , , ;
, , ,
,
.
,
.
, Niebuhr,
:
, . .
,
, ;
. , ,.
? ,
.
, ,
, .
,
, .
;
, ,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
179/217
178
;
.
.
. ,
, , ,
, ,
; , ,
.
;
. ,
,
. ,
,
, , .
,
,
.
. , ,
.
,
. ,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
180/217
179
.
,
; ,
, ,
. ,
, -
.
, ,
, ,
. ,
.
, , ,
, ,
. ,
- .
? , ,
;
, .
, ;
,
, .
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
181/217
180
,
.
, .
, , ,
.
,
. ,
,
, , ,
, , ,
,
. ,
,
.
.
?
,
, , ?
,
? ,
. :
?
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
182/217
181
, , :
.
, ?
,
, ,
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
, .
. ,
, ,
.
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
183/217
182
.
, .
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
, ?
?
. ,
.
.
,
.
,
- .
, .
,
,
, .
,
, ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
184/217
183
, .
,
, .
.
,
,
,
,
. ,
- ;
.
,
, ,
, .
, ,
, .
: . ,
- , ,
:
? .
.
.
, ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
185/217
184
,
,
. , ,
, .
,
. ,
, , , ,
.
,
,
,
,
.
III
, -
, , ,
?
,
, .
,
. ,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
186/217
185
, ,
, .
: .
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
, .
,
.
,
, .
,
;
,
.
,
; , , ,
.
,
, , ,
, , .
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
187/217
186
,
. , .
.
.
.
, ,
,
; ,
,
.
.
: .
,
? .
, .
,
, , ,
. ,
?
,
,
. ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
188/217
187
,
,
; ,
, .
, ,
,
,
. , ,
.
.
, ,
. ,
.
.
,
.
,
,
. , ,
, .
,
,
.
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
189/217
188
,
. , ,
, ,
, ; , ,
,
. , ; ;
, ,
. ,
.
, .
.
, ;
.
.
. , ,
, ,
,
.
.
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
190/217
189
,
. , ,
,
.
.
, :
, , ,
.
.
.
.
.
. ,
,
. ,
. ,
,
, ,
?
,
, ?
, ?
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
191/217
190
,
. , ,
, ,
(
), .
,
.
, .
;
,
, , ,
,
. ,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
192/217
191
2
, -
, -20 70-
.
,
.
- :
;
, ;
;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
193/217
192
-
,
(Bouckaert, . 9-27).
, ,
, ,
:
; ; ; ; .
, ,
.
,
.
, -
:
, ;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
194/217
193
,
;
,
;
,
(Hood, . 503).
, , ,
:
:
/, ,
,
, ,
..
:
(Public-Private Partnership) (Outsourcing) .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
195/217
194
, ,
:
:
,
.
, , ,
.
:
.
, ,
;
.
:
,
.
:
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
196/217
195
,
.
,
(. 8).
,
-19
. ,
(- Merit System
),
.
, ,
,
,
,
. ,
, :
,
.
(
, , )
. ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
197/217
196
,
, , ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
(Osborn,
.12).
,
,
:
; ; /; ; ;
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
198/217
197
, ;
(Gerth, .196-198). , , ,
, , ,
.
-19
,
,
.
,
, -20 , ,
.
, ,
.
,
,
, .
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
199/217
198
,
, . (Osborn, .88).
,
, ..
,
, ,
.
.
, .
-
(Wilson, . 22-34).
,
.
. ,
,
,
.
.
,
, ,
,
. ,
90-
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
200/217
199
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
,
, .
,
.
:
- , - ,
(Dunn, . 19);
- , - , , ,
,
(Tonnisson, . 48);
- (Tonnisson, .59);
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
201/217
200
-
(Staronova, .33).
, ,
. ,
1995 ,
2000 , 2005
(Drechsler, .1).
- , -
-
,
.
. -
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
202/217
201
,
,
-
(Staronova, .30).
: ,
;
;
;
;
; ,
, , ,
(Osborn, . 47).
.
,
: ,
.
,
. ,
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
203/217
202
. ,
,
,
,
,
.
,
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
, (Frederiksen, .177).
, -
,
.
, , ,
.
, .
, , ,
, , (Frederiksen, .178).
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
204/217
203
, -
-
- ,
, (Good Governance)
.. ,
, ..
(Draechsler, .1).
... -
,
(Hellman, . 36-37).
-
,
,
,
, ,
.
,
.
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
205/217
204
, ,
.
, -
(Drechsler, .2). - ,
- .
, ,
,
,
,
, ,
.
,
, :
, (
,
)
. ,
, (Dunn,
.18).
, , ,
,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
206/217
205
,
,
(Osborn, . 25-48).
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
,
. -
.
,
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
207/217
206
,
.
, ,
(NGO, ,
),
,
.
()
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
, (Staronova K.,
.32).
,
.
.
,
, .
,
,
,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
208/217
207
(, .36).
,
,
, (Drechsler, . 3).
. ,
,
, ,
(Staronova (2), . 199).
, ,
90- ,
, ,
. - ,
, , ,
, ,
,
, ,
, , ,
(Fredericksen, .166).
,
,
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
209/217
208
, ,
.
, ,
, 60-80 (Drechsler, . 3).
- , ,
,
(Tonnisson, . 59).
- , -
.
.. Good Governance
, , .
, , 80-
,
.
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
210/217
209
. , ,
,
.
, :
, , ,
,, .
,
.
,
. EU CEE
, CEE
(Dunn, .23).
,
,
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
,
(Dmitrova, . 171-190).
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
211/217
210
. ,
, , ,
, ,
, -
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
,
.
,
, ,
;
,
. , ,
,
...
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
212/217
211
,
.,
,
(Drechsler, .8).
(Public-Private Partnership) (Outsourcing) , , :
,
,
? ,
,
?
- :
,
,
, (Kettle
1998, . 11).
-:
,
(.. ,
),
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
213/217
212
, ,
(
) (Tonnisson, .47).
, ,
.
,
,
-
( , ,
).
,
,
, ,
, , ,
,
,
.
(Osborn, . 35).
,
, .
, ,
, .
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
214/217
213
, , ,
,
, ,
(Osborn . 46).
,
, ,
,
(Kettle 1993, .142).
.
, , ,
.
, ,
. ,
(Fredericksen, .170-171).
, ,
(Drechsler, .2).
,
.
, ,
: , , , ,
, ,
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
215/217
214
.
. ,
. ,
, ,
,
. ,
. ,
;
,
. ,
,
. 70- 80-
(Fredericksen, . 205).
, -
,
.
, -
,
.
(Pollitt, .15):
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
216/217
215
: ,
,
, ,
.
(, ),
;
, :
,
;
, ,.
:
,
.
(,
),
;
( )
7/22/2019 Organizational Theory Georgian Reader
217/217
,
, ..
, ,
,
. Ex Ante Ex Post , .