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Origins of Christianity
Basic Beliefs, Observances and Symbols
Basic Beliefs Central figure of Christianity
Most popular religionStory told in Luke, 3rd book of New Testament
• Visited by shepherds who followed a new Star
• 3 Wise Men come to find the baby for King Herod, who wants to dispose of Jesus
• Angel tells Joseph to flee to Egypt; Herod orders death of all male children under 2
• Family returns to Nazareth after death of Herod
Jesus Christ
• Birth– Angel Gabriel told Virgin Mary she
will give birth to son named Jesus– Jesus will be Son of God and Holy
Spirit will make birth possible• Called the Immaculate
Conception
– Joseph and Mary traveled from Nazareth to Bethlehem to pay taxes
– Gave birth in stable and placed Baby Jesus in manager
Basic BeliefsMiracles
• Walks on Water– Walked on water to still raging
sea
• Raises Lazarus from Dead– 2 sisters sent word that
brother, Lazarus, had died– Jesus came 2 days later and
commanded Lazarus to rise from the dead, and he did
• Turns water to Wine– During wedding servants fill 6 stone
water pots with water, which turned to wine
• Heals the Leper– Touched leper’s face and was
healed– Told to tell no one except the priest
• Healing on the Sabbath– Forgave sins of paralyzed
man and man walked– Pharisees said only God had
power to forgive– Jesus said power of
forgiveness is also for man• Loaves and Fishes
• Thousands of people came to hear sermon
• Fed them with 5 loaves of bread and 2 fishes
Basic Beliefs
• Passover– Jesus traveled to
Jerusalem; was proclaimed to be the Messiah
– Pharisees began plotting against Jesus
• Last Supper– Dinner with Apostles – Gave final commandment
• Love One Another
Jesus Christ
• Ministry– Began at age 30– Apostles
• Met brothers and Simon and Andrew
• 12 followers who helped Jesus teach
– Sermon on the Mount• Given on mountain in Judea to
thousands of people• Includes the Beatitudes
Basic Beliefs
• Resurrection– Means ‘rebirth’– 3 days after Crucifixion,
Jesus was resurrected– Continued to teach for 40
days before ascending to Heaven
– Spread of Christianity began
Jesus Christ
• Garden of Gethsemane– Betrayed by Judas– Arrested and tried for
organizing revolt against Rome– Sentenced to death by
crucifixion
• Tomb– Body wrapped in linen and
placed in sealed tomb
New Testament (Bible)
• Most famous book in history
• Translated into every majour language
• 27 books that tell story of Jesus and Christianity
• 4 books (Old Testament) also included
Monotheism• Most basic belief
– Mono = one– Theism = belief in God
Hebrew word = anointed
Holy Trinity• Father, Son,
Holy Ghost• United as one,
each with special purpose
ObservancesThe Lord’s Prayer
• Principal prayer for Christians“Our Father who art in heaven,
Hallowed be the name.Thy kingdom come, They will be done, On earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread; And forgive us our debts, as we
forgive our debtors;And lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil:For thine is the kingdom, and the
power, and the glory, forever, Amen.”
Baptism• Began with John the
Baptist• Occurs a few days after
birth• Often given a name;
called christening
Forgiveness• Central to teachings of Jesus
SymbolsCross• Symbolic of crucifixion
and resurrection of Jesus• Found atop most
Christian churches around the world
• Many variations
Icthus• Greek word for ‘fish’• Secret symbol for Christians
fearful of persecution– Acronym for “Jesus Christ,
God’s Son, Saviour” in Greek
• Used in the late 2nd century
Dove of Peace• Symbolizes God’s spirit
at baptism of Jesus
Linked Circles• Stand for the
unity of God• Sometimes the
Holy Trinity
HolidaysEaster• Lent
– 40 days before Easter– Time of repentance
for sins and mistakes
• Ash Wednesday– First day of Lent– Cross made of ashes
of foreheads; symbolic of mortality and purification
• Holy Week– Week before Easter
Christmas• Celebrates birth of
Jesus• Begins on December
24th
• Traditions– Gift giving– Christmas Tree– Carols– Nativity Scene
Christianity Today
Branches of Christianity• Has divided into many
separate churches– Each with own set of beliefs
and practices
• Great Schism, 1054 CE– Eastern Orthodox Church– Roman Catholic Church
• Reformation, 1522 CE– Protestantism
• Divided into hundreds of branches
Catholic Conclave,
2013
Write you answers in complete sentences, and explaining clearly. Do your own work and do your best.
• http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/come-si-elegge-il-papa/
After watching the presentation, answer the following questions with the best possible answer. Write the questions out.
• Who: Who elects the new pope? (List three things you know about them.)
• What: What do they use to elect the new pope?
• When: When can a conclave take place?• Where: Where does the conclave take
place (city and building)?• Why: Why does the Catholic Church have
a pope?• How: How do they determine who they
will elect as the next pope?
The Frontrunners
• Peter Turkson– Ghanaian, son of miner and
vegetable seller– Attended seminary in New York– Conservative on sex and Islam– Very ambitious
• Luis Antonio Tagle– Filipino, second youngest cardinal– Uses social media and in tune with
modern culture• 200,000 likes on FB page• Elections “are not a popularity
contest or a reality TV race where the winner with the most text votes wins”.
• Angelo Scola– Italian, well liked and
close to Benedict– Loves crowds and
connects with younger people
• Marc Ouellet– Canadian conservative who
has taken on liberal politicians
• Timothy Dolan– American conservative from
New York– great sense of humour– Has dealt with sexual abuse
cases, bad priests and Obama
The End