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Origins of the Cold War

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Origins of the Cold War. 1945 to 1950. I.) Conflicts Begin. WWII alliance dissolves due to differences 1. Great Britain power falls (third place) 2. France rebuilding from the war WWII leaves two “ Super Powers ” 1. Soviet Union = Communist 2. United States = Democracy. VS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Origins of the Cold War 1945 to 1950
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Page 1: Origins of the Cold War

Origins of the Cold War

1945 to 1950

Page 2: Origins of the Cold War

A. WWII alliance dissolves due to differences1. Great Britain power falls (third place)2. France rebuilding from the war

B. WWII leaves two “Super Powers”1. Soviet Union = Communist2. United States = Democracy

I.) Conflicts Begin

VS

Page 3: Origins of the Cold War

Definition of Cold War:political tension and military rivalry

between nations that stops short of full-scale war

Outcome:struggle between Communism and Democracycalled the Cold War (USSR=East, USA =

West)

Page 4: Origins of the Cold War

The Ideological Struggle(Beliefs)

Soviet & Eastern Bloc

Nations[“Iron

Curtain”]

US & the Western

Democracies

GOAL spread world-wide Communism

GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.

Page 5: Origins of the Cold War
Page 6: Origins of the Cold War

The Bipolarization of Europe

Page 7: Origins of the Cold War

A. Soviet Union wanted to protect itself from

any future attacks Result: Stalin creates the Iron

Curtain (communist nations along western border of the

Soviet Union)

II.) The Iron Curtain Emerges

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvax5VUvjWQ&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active“Term Iron Curtain Coined By Winston Churchill”

Page 8: Origins of the Cold War
Page 9: Origins of the Cold War

A. Civil War breaks out in Greece1. Communists vs. Conservatives

B. March 2, 1947 President Truman issues the Truman Doctrine (communism a threat and

must support free peoples resisting threat)

Outcome: Congress provides money & assistance to Greece to stop rebellion

III.) Truman Doctrine

Page 10: Origins of the Cold War

The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”.

Promised to provide economic and

military aid to oppose the spread of communism◦ Sent millions of dollars in aid to Greece and

TurkeyIt signalled the end of “isolationst” policies.

Page 11: Origins of the Cold War

Tehran – Invade already Potsdam – Unconditional Surrender Yalta – The Big Three make the BIG

decisions◦ Split up Germany into four sectors◦ USSR in UN◦ “I promise to support democracy” Stalin◦ Soviets will help with Japan

What were the agreements made during the war that helped lead to the Cold War?

Page 12: Origins of the Cold War

A. Western leaders fear poverty & destruction

of WWII might lead to communismB. Marshall Plan (Economic Assistance

plan by U.S. that provided money to nations in Europe to rebuild & foster cooperation)

Outcome: Western Europe recovers(The Soviet Union (USSR) prevented Eastern European

countries from receiving American money.)

IV.) Marshall Plan

Page 13: Origins of the Cold War

C. Policy of Containment: prevent the further spread of communism

Page 14: Origins of the Cold War

A. In 1947 Soviets create Cominform (unify all

European communist parties)B. Communism spreads: 1. 1948: Czechoslovakia 2. 1948: Yugoslavia

V.) Cold War in Europe

Page 15: Origins of the Cold War

Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston

Churchill to describe the separating of Those

communistlands of East Europe from

the West.

Page 16: Origins of the Cold War

The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

Improve your knowledge

Page 17: Origins of the Cold War

A. June 1948: Soviets blockade Berlin Result: Berlin Airlift: U.S. and Britain

provide food and supplies by air drops to West Berlin

Outcome: Soviets lift blockade May 1949

VI.) Division of Germany

Page 18: Origins of the Cold War

B. May 1949: Federal Republic of Germany created (West Germany)

C. October 1949: German Democratic Republic created (East Germany)

Page 19: Origins of the Cold War

A. Need for alliances begin:

1. 1949= Mao Zedong defeats Chiang Kai-shek

in Chinese Civil WarOutcome: China is now Communist!!

VII.) Cold War Alliances

Page 20: Origins of the Cold War

} 2. The Soviet Union explodes its first A-bomb in 1949.

} Outcome: Now there are two nations with nuclear weapons!

Page 21: Origins of the Cold War

The USA had shown its atomic power when it exploded the A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War 2.

The USSR was also developing atomic weapons/bombs.

The USA and the USSR were in competition with each other to have the best, most powerful weapons in the world – this was called the Arms Race.

Nuclear tensions

http://www.archive.org/details/DuckandC1951

Page 22: Origins of the Cold War

Write a quick analysis of this cartoon:

Downloaded from www.SchoolHistory.co.ukWrite a quick analysis of this cartoon:

Page 23: Origins of the Cold War

The nuclear bomb gave America a lead which was expected to last at least 5 years. The rapid Russian development of nuclear technology, helped by the work of the “atom spies” was a shock.

Significantly, Russia hurriedly declared war against Japan at the beginning of August 1945 and rushed to advance into Asia to stake out a position for the post-war settlement. This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.

Improve your knowledge

Page 24: Origins of the Cold War

NATO: 12 Western nations sign a political and military alliance

1. if one nation is attacked then all members will respond

Page 25: Origins of the Cold War

Warsaw Pact: Eastern Bloc nations form a mutual defense alliance

Page 26: Origins of the Cold War

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