ORNAMENTAL AQUACULTURE...

ORNAMENTAL AQUACULTURE

UDAYA PRIYANTHA EPADEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGYUNIVERSITY OF KELANIYA

UPK EPA/UoK/OrnaFish/2014

My presentation….

•World History

•Ornamental fish industry in Sri Lanka•History, Production flow, Strengths, weaknesses

•Fish keeping: Containers, glass aquaria, public aquariums

•Species selection factors (I, II & III)

•Fish breeding methods

•Brackish water fish

•Salt water fish


World History………

Captive fish have been important to mankind since prehistoric times.

Ancient Egyptians - First humans known to keep fish not only for food purposes but as an entertainment.

Goldfish - First ornamental fish to be kept.

Goldfish bred in China since at least the 10th century.


Our History…..

•During King Dutugemunu’s time (161 BC to 137 BC), Sri Lanka kept gold(?) fish as a hobby.

•The gold fish park or Ranmasu Uyana located below the dam of the Tisawewa tank in Anuradhapura.

•The Vessagiriya inscription of King of 4th Mihinduhas mentioned this garden as a Gold Fish Park.

•This proves that Sri Lanka is one of the first countries that kept ornamental fish as a hobby.


Production flow: Sri Lanka

Exporter

(Culture + Wild collection)

Contract growers Contract growers Contract growers

BUY BACK SYSTEM

Japan, USA, Germany, France, UK, the Nederland, Italy, Spain, UAE


Sri Lanka: Strengths & Opportunities•Favorable year round climatic conditions

•Excellent geographic location

• International reputation for quality fish

•Resources available for expansion

•Wide variety of wild collected fish

•Availability of breeding & rearing technology


Sri Lanka: Threats & weaknesses•Over exploitation of wild fish resources

•Poor knowledge on diseases & treatments

•Environmental degradation in the country

•Competition with other countries

•Poor knowledge on marine fish breeding & keeping

•Poor knowledge on fish nutrition & feed production

•Poor corporation between farmers and supportive government institutions

• Insufficient air cargo facilities


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Val

ue

(Rs.

Mn

)

Year

EXPORT VALUE OF ORNAMENTAL FISH FROM 1998 – 2013

Sri Lankan scenario…


Fish Keeping

The reasons for the increasing popularity of the hobby,

Environmental awareness (live with nature), Can keep them even in smaller container The great variety of species, Relative ease of care of fish.

Have you heard of fish deaths due to hunger ?

An aquarium decorates the room.


•Fish-keeping - brings relaxation and enlightenment for persons of every age

• Aquariums are a very good way to relieve stress and hypertension.

• Are today’s kids far from stress and

overburdened lives?

• Why not place a nice colorful

aquarium in their room?

•Does it give them health and academic

benefits? UPK EPA/UoK/OrnaFish/2014

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=AbLZAPZsEec-OM&tbnid=h2uoN1DH8WmP8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.clipartstock.net/page/16/&ei=Re_PU8KxMpOVuATWlIGwBQ&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFShVa1YbMGVkt3CHLrkLHq66Cnmw&ust=1406222446136099

Students who own fish score higher on maths over their counterparts who do not have pets.

High school students who keep fish have an average GPA of 3.5, versus non-pet owners at 3.2

(Research findings).

WHERE DO YOU KEEP

THE AQURAIUM?


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=AHS8Etc9dnQcLM&tbnid=xlgPdz8S7UAafM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.petsfive.com/fish/10-useful-tips-for-a-healthy-aquarium/&ei=QPDPU7qWFofGuASwgYGQBA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNE3JO370PttyKmfpBv-PwImsHBB7w&ust=1406222744145084

• Health benefits -lowered blood pressure, reduced stress, and controlled pulse rate

•Mentally challenged children - accelerate their learning process


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=P_qb0Vut470dOM&tbnid=NDLwxcLwdRNyFM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.thegreenhead.com/2009/09/biube-pure-aquarium.php&ei=6_HPU6PvBMuMuASokID4CA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNHW78YbJca3vr7uc0WmyQjhLJkDLw&ust=1406223147491797


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Glass Aquarium:

•Single species tanks: Schooling fish

•Multiple species tanks: Think before you stock the fish•Aggressiveness: Siamese fighting fish

•Agitators of tank bottom: Goldfish

•Plant eaters: Carp


SPECIES SELECTION FACTOR I

• Temperature – tropical vs temperate

• Salinity – freshwater, brackish, or saltwater

• Reproduction – livebearers, egg-layers

• Size – size of fish needs to match the tank

• Feeding habits –

• Carnivores

• Herbivores

• Omnivores


SPECIES SELECTION FACTOR II

• Behavior – some species are aggressive

• Physical appearance – some species are “fancy” (unusual color, shape, etc.)


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=pslNIMgbXD1-zM&tbnid=H1Y7OF1lcKgIoM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.geocities.ws/dcbettabarracks/&ei=E_nPU7GEKsS0uATB6oHwAw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFKZh4egea7tMV4NmFqwzXLcQiM1g&ust=1406224976678883


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SPECIES SELECTION FACTOR III

EASY-TO-GROW SPECIES


SPECIES SELECTION FACTORS III

MEDIUM-CARE SPECIES

Silver dollar, Discus, Angels


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=QEiIeqCRkk_77M&tbnid=Keuerp7FdQ1djM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-images-metynnis-lippincottianus-spotted-silver-dollar-fish-freshwater-aquarium-fish-image31229579&ei=FADQU729B5CRuASN4oGQDA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNE0h5PFS1wI0ozO778SrQmTA2jFgg&ust=1406226810651296

SPECIES SELECTION FACTORS III

DIFFICULT-TO-GROW SPECIESGlass catfish, Bleeding heart tetra, Neon tetra, Marbled hatchetfish


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=k2BwOiEpcuOxkM&tbnid=phljF6hAF7978M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://acquariofiliaconsapevole.it/pesci_characidae&ei=Vv_PU6nPKs2eugTj5oHgBg&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEEjD4U6JsCSXccrGlg3Ve0BB1B3A&ust=1406226525181418

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Breeding Methods

•Two categories:

• Livebearers

• Egg layers


Egg layers

1. Egg-Scatters

2. Egg buriers

3. Egg-Depositers

4. Nest-builders

5. Mouth-brooders

Parental care

increases


Livebearers

• Livebearers are fish that bear live young.

• There are two types of livebearers: • Ovoviviparous: Eggs form and hatch within the female

before birth. Molly, Platy, Sharks• Viviparous: No eggs are formed, and the young are

nourished through an umbilical-like cord or from secretions by the female. Sharks, Guppy

• Livebearers are often easily bred species.


Most Common Livebearers

• Guppy• Swordtails• Platy• Molly


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=IejcA6efw0WYMM&tbnid=WzzpU2p31coM0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://furiarossaandmimma.deviantart.com/art/Female-gold-guppy-191218796&ei=xgHQU53SNM_GuATx_IKQCw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNHxZkMONXB8J7gwzIXQSkR1GNbwEQ&ust=1406227239674599

Poecilia reticulatus - Guppy

• Origin: Excellent ones from Singapore, Sri Lanka

• Size: 1.5 -2 inches

• Life Span: 2 yrs

• Too many varieties, every color of the rainbow.

• Lot of different shapes to the fins. • (Rounded, pintail, swordtail (upper, lower, and

double), flag tail, veil tail, fantail, and triangle tail).



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Xiphophorus hellerii – sword tail

•Origin: Central America

•Size: Over 4 inches


•Some of the more common Swordtails are: Red, Red Wag, Red Tux, Painted, Neon Green, Marigold, Pineapple, Black, Red Twin bar, Sunset, and Gold Tuxedo.



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http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=jw89DvezV6ATEM&tbnid=H-mMloR7Ddgb3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.rightpet.com/fishdetail/swordtail&ei=7wbQU5CoFsi8uASAloAY&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNGHTawAx_iNmNsK99hNApUcnKGa6A&ust=1406228504511515

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http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=5WwGFUK8LbSNcM&tbnid=V9YUN6VmuU1eyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.cydoniamall.com/pets/654/fish/Swordtail - Painted.html&ei=aQfQU8K8NczGuAT2wIHYBw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNGHTawAx_iNmNsK99hNApUcnKGa6A&ust=1406228504511515

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=5WwGFUK8LbSNcM&tbnid=V9YUN6VmuU1eyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.fishpage.info/basic-information/653/Swordtail---Gold-wag.html&ei=fQfQU-qzL5GSuASKsYLoDg&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNGHTawAx_iNmNsK99hNApUcnKGa6A&ust=1406228504511515

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=81zxLmP2GCh4rM&tbnid=_ltKsNfyicXr3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.tattoodonkey.com/swordtail-guppy-sale-for-tattoo/&ei=pQfQU-bYDoyKuATdoYDwCA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNGHTawAx_iNmNsK99hNApUcnKGa6A&ust=1406228504511515

Xiphophorus maculatus - Platy

•Origin: Central America – Mexico and Guatemala

•Size: male smaller than 2 inches, Female slightly larger


•This fish has many colour variants, the most common being red wagtail platy, sunset platy, tuxedo platy and variatus platy.



http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=jSgCbqnyiFiv7M&tbnid=jC3BnLWkrTBUJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://lyarv.blogspot.com/2010/07/red-tuxedoplaty.html&ei=ywjQU4jpFcKhugTMqoCYAQ&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFivyTJOKPrcWBIPiWtMZXKcZXBtA&ust=1406228867107441

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Y8AsfSQg0xW5iM&tbnid=h98Tshh_wyZONM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.aquaristik.org/&ei=VwjQU8n0CJCRuASN4oGQDA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFivyTJOKPrcWBIPiWtMZXKcZXBtA&ust=1406228867107441

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Y8AsfSQg0xW5iM&tbnid=h98Tshh_wyZONM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.aquariumfish.net/featured_items/index_182.htm&ei=kQjQU-z7JpaPuASshoJg&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFivyTJOKPrcWBIPiWtMZXKcZXBtA&ust=1406228867107441

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Y8AsfSQg0xW5iM&tbnid=h98Tshh_wyZONM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.thinkfish.co.uk/fish/platy.html&ei=RAjQU6iWAsK0uATwxoC4Ag&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFivyTJOKPrcWBIPiWtMZXKcZXBtA&ust=1406228867107441

Poecilia sphenops - Molly

•Origin: Southern USA & Mexico

•Size: 2-4 inches


•There are many colour variants available, some of the largest livebearers and will give birth to a huge number of young up to 60 or 70 fry at a time.



http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=2OjsVooD5tFZbM&tbnid=kOGRVDR0Xxtr2M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/livebearers.html&ei=awnQU6rcDYyWuASjvYDIBg&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEWZwngGl8ktr9sJDT4fgssEWwJPQ&ust=1406229183901043

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=rlEdixwz0ZZ_fM&tbnid=_NRx1KJNPBoSVM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.aquariumfish.net/catalog_pages/livebearer_mollies/mollies_lyre_tail.htm&ei=TwrQU-rcLIWgugSDxYJo&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEWZwngGl8ktr9sJDT4fgssEWwJPQ&ust=1406229183901043

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=2OjsVooD5tFZbM&tbnid=kOGRVDR0Xxtr2M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.normalaquatics.com/mollies-gallery.html&ei=jAnQU7CDMsSMuASkmYGwDA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEWZwngGl8ktr9sJDT4fgssEWwJPQ&ust=1406229183901043

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=j0j5Ep35Ta6nDM&tbnid=XFPGwhQUEsidTM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://normalaquatics.com/the-brackish-water-aquarium/&ei=HQrQU9PzEYKzuAT_o4HoAQ&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEWZwngGl8ktr9sJDT4fgssEWwJPQ&ust=1406229183901043

Egg-Scatters

• Simply scatter their adhesive or non-adhesive eggs to the substrate, into plants, or float to the surface.

• Do not look after their brood and even eat their own eggs.

• Large number of the small eggs laid.

•The fry hatch quickly.

• Examples: Goldfish, Barbs, Tetras


• Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)- Hardy

and easy to keep, Prefers pools or cold water aquariums


• Tetras - These are easy to medium care ornamental fish that prefer soft water that is slightly acidic. It is a very sociable fish and does well in community aquariums. Tetras average 1 ½ to 3” in length

X-ray fish (Pristella) Neon tetra (Paracheirodon), UPK EPA/UoK/OrnaFish/2014

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=GF5EOafQw6I5FM&tbnid=E5FdTYuXc5a33M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetra&ei=qQvQU9CcLZG5uASlh4FY&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNG8oUHmvVaMzLGucMG_djrzfR9Hkg&ust=1406229743241380

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=r-0GEApMpswEfM&tbnid=mTux5w65Uj51WM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://malliya.tumblr.com/post/43186931370/long-fin-neon-tetra-source&ei=_wvQU8qyEZG7uATsi4HoDw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNG8oUHmvVaMzLGucMG_djrzfR9Hkg&ust=1406229743241380

• Barbs- They occupy lower levels and average 2-4” in length.

Puntius tetrazona (tiger barb, sumatra barb) and Puntius nigrofasciatus (Black ruby)


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=pVbb9ULGDrcz0M&tbnid=vP1FhgDs9zkPrM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://wereallwet.com/tiger-barb-care/&ei=jwzQU5aRHY-WuATt84K4BA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNGKQf2e-yQ0xj3JllfKrAc5m0UGjA&ust=1406229996444175

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=pVbb9ULGDrcz0M&tbnid=vP1FhgDs9zkPrM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.2zoo.com/vb/showthread.php?t=280767&ei=pQzQU8XhH4ePuASoqIDQAw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNGKQf2e-yQ0xj3JllfKrAc5m0UGjA&ust=1406229996444175

Egg buriers

• The Nothobranchius killifish come from East Africa. They are annual fish, meaning killifish live for around a year.

• They live in temporary pools. These pools are created by seasonal rains and dry up when drought comes.

• Thus the killifish die having left behind their eggs buried in the river/lake bed.

• During the dry period the eggs develop and when the rain returns, filling up the pools again, the embryos hatch.




Egg-Depositors

• Deposit their eggs on a substrate (glass, wood, rocks, plants).

• Egg depositors usually lay less eggs than egg scatters, although the eggs are larger.

• Two groups: • those that care for their eggs, • and those that do not.


•Among eggs depositors that care for their eggs are cichlids (Etroplus maculatus, E. suratensis, Pterophyllum scalare) and some catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricaria), Discus, Ocsar.

•These fish form pairs and have advanced brood care where the eggs are defended and cleaned.

•The eggs take a few days to hatch, and the fry are often guarded by the parents.


Pterophyllum scalare


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=0EzCqg1NQrJcGM&tbnid=ME1y6ozOwE0PJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.digiaquascr.com/products/freshwaterangelscreensaver.html&ei=og3QU6eWKpGKuATDt4DIBw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEICipV5pEv_Sd3UB4PpymHonqPWA&ust=1406230265002439

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=0EzCqg1NQrJcGM&tbnid=ME1y6ozOwE0PJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://theaquariumwiki.com/Category:Angel_Fish&ei=sg3QU72_FtaVuASLj4CYAQ&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEICipV5pEv_Sd3UB4PpymHonqPWA&ust=1406230265002439

Disucs (Symphysodon)UPK EPA/UoK/OrnaFish/2014

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=lIjUfPC5BCi1ZM&tbnid=5OFRp6sigS6eSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://discusinformationblog.blogspot.com/&ei=5Q7QU-fVIcSNuASlsoG4Bw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFG_NaTQcQrNSXPSIo0yJzFgbAG8g&ust=1406230611772291


Oscar (Astronotus) and

Emerald catfish (Brochis)


http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=3396a9n7EaFsTM&tbnid=kAD_0z7E75e_gM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.ratemyfish.com/?action=ssp&pid=1993&ei=tQ_QU9G8Ooi7uATy0IKQDw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNE-aAfokTkMW-U-ZzwDRgMRsj1URw&ust=1406230784699037

http://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Kg3x87ZDTeYhWM&tbnid=j5E7jtw7ttPf9M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.aquariumfish.net/catalog_pages/cichlids_neotropical/oscars_for_sale.htm&ei=YQ7QU6m3Gsu-uASigYKACg&bvm=bv.71667212,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFgsIssPj3-h-oh5mqGzlqckwLYvA&ust=1406230355078460

https://www.google.lk/search?es_sm=93&biw=1366&bih=667&q=oskar+riba&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDQxAHnxCHfq6-Qa6peYkSJ4iVYm6QVqhlmZ1spZ-UmZ-Tn16pn1-UnpiXWZwbn5yTWFycmZaZnFiSmZ9nlZGZnpFapIAqOu3zgVkV6q8bjvMfeDRrGvfu_jjVtQAEHw9ibwAAAA&sa=X&ei=E6DQU7u5LsSMuATj14LIAw&ved=0CJwBEJsTKAIwFg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochis_splendens

Egg-burriers

•Killi fish•Killifish are famous for burying their eggs in mud, but there is actually a lot of plant spawning Killifish species as well.

•In the wild, plant spawning Killifish will place their eggs close to the surface of the water among the roots of floating plants or in thickets of bushy plant species.


Mouth-Brooders

• Species that carry their eggs or larvae in their mouth. • Mouth brooders ,

•Ovophiles : Eggs in the mouth• Larvophiles : Larvae in the mouth



• Ovophile mouth-brooders lay their eggs in a pit, which are sucked up into the mouth of the female. The small number of large eggs hatch in the mother’s mouth, and the fry remain there for a period of time.

• Larvophile mouth-brooders lay their eggs on a substrate and guard them until the eggs hatch. After hatching, the female picks up the fry and keeps them in her mouth. When the fry can fend for themselves, they are released.

• Examples: Arowana & Some Cichilds like Tilapia & Mozambique



Nest-Builders

• Build some sort of nest for their eggs. • Bubble-nest formed with plant debris and saliva-coated

bubbles • Excavated pit in the substrate (cichlids).

•Nest builders practice brood care

Examples: Gourami, Fighting fish




Species of Saltwater

Fish• Live in saltwater and require the

addition of sodium chloride (salt) to create a marine environment

• Most saltwater species of ornamental fish are egg layers


Divers collecting ornamental fish





Common Name Scientific Name

Diamond Goby Valenciennea puellaris

Pearl toby Canthigaster margaritatus

Scorpian fish Pterois volitans

Three spot Dascyllus trimax

Dog fish Arothoron nigropunctatus

Tiger Goby Valenciennea wardii

Moorish idol Zanclus cornutus

Emperor Pomacanthus imperator

Blue ring angel Pomacanthus annularis

Blue seagean Acanthurus leucosternon


Valenciennea Ecsenius pulcher Canthigaster

Pterois Gobimellus Dascyllus


Cirrihitichthys Arothron Apolomichthys

Valenciennea Zanclus Centropyge


Pomacanthus Pomacanthus Pomacanthus

Bodianus AcanthurusCeplalopholis



Date post:	26-Jun-2018
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