ORNL Flexible Research PlatformsPresented by: Joshua NewJanuary 28, 2015Empirical Validation of Whole-BuildingEnergy Simulation Programs

Patrick HughesEd VineyardMelissa LapsaPM: Joshua NewPIs – Piljae Im and Mahabir Bhandari (Model)PI – Jibo Sanyal (Provenance)PI – Charles Castello (Sensor QA)PI – Joshua New (Visual Analytics)PI – Philip Boudreaux (Occupancy)PIs – Tony Gehl and Chris Halford (Sensors)PI – F&O (Installation)

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ORNL works with industry to accelerate delivery of solutions to market

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Tacoma, Washington(cool/humid)

Syracuse, New York(cold/humid)

Charleston, South Carolina(hot/humid)

Oak Ridge, Tennessee(mixed/humid)

Envelope research: Natural exposure facilities

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Heat flow through roof/attic assemblies

Air/moisture flow through wall assemblies

Heat flow through wall assemblies

Hygrothermal properties of materials

Envelope research: Lab facilities

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Environmental chambers Compressor calorimeters Heat exchanger R&D loops

Working fluid physical properties measurement

Equipment research: Lab facilities

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FRP one-stop shop

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Reduce Uncertainties in Modeling

Real weather file from the weather

station

Simulated Occupancy

15min Data Measurements

Active Foundation (adiabatic)

Temperature, RH, wind speed/direction, barometric pressure, precipitationSolar: direct normal, global horizontal, IR radiation from sky

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Flexible Research Platform• HVAC System Performance Measurement, Modeling, Calibration and Validation

HVAC #1: RTU

HVAC #2: VRF

HVAC #3: Integrated GSHP

Being Installed

Weather Station

Sensors & Data Acquisition

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FRP1 DAQ Hardware

• 1 Master Cabinet• 2 Peripheral Cabinets• 128 Thermistor Channels• 128 Single Ended Voltage Channels• 50 Thermocouple Channels• 32 Frequency input or 5V control Channels• Integrated Refrigerant and Psychrometric Lookup Tables • Linear Interpolation Routine To Calculate Thermodynamic

Properties From Measured Quantities• GUI For Real Time Data Picture and System Switch

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FRP1 DAQ Hardware

Nordyne GUI Tab

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FRP1 Installed Sensors

• 25 Temp/RH Probes• 12 Refrigerant Side Immersion Thermistors• 12 Refrigerant Side Pressure Transducers• 4 Refrigerant Mass Flow Sensors• 2 Natural Gas Mass Flowmeters• 2 Airflow Measurement Stations• 9 HVAC Power Measurements (Wattnode and CTs)• 16 General Building Power Measurements (Wattnode and

CTs)

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FRP1 Sensors

Refrigerant Mass Flow Natural Gas Flow Electrical Power

Refrigerant Temp and Press Airflow Air Temp And RH

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FRP2 DAQ Hardware

• 1 Master Cabinet• 4 Peripheral Cabinets• 256 Thermistor Channels• 256 Single Ended Voltage Channels• 100 Thermocouple Channels• 64 Frequency input or 5V control Channels

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FRP2 Installed Sensors

• 35 Temp/RH Probes• 6 Refrigerant Side Immersion Thermistors• 6 Refrigerant Side Pressure Transducers• 2 Refrigerant Mass Flow Sensors• 1 Natural Gas Mass Flowmeters• 2 Airflow Measurement Stations• 16 HVAC Power Measurements (Wattnode and CTs)• 21 General Building Power Measurements (Wattnode and

CTs)

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FRP2 Sensors

Refrigerant Mass Flow Natural Gas Flow Electrical Power

Refrigerant Temp and Press Airflow Air Temp And RH

FRPOccupancy Simulation

Philip BoudreauxTony Gehl

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Deliverable: Add latent, sensible, and lighting load to space according to occupancy schedule • Various sources to define the schedules & power density

– ASHRAE 90.1-1989– Huang et al. (1990) 481 PROTOTYPICAL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS FOR 20 URBAN MARKET AREAS, LBL-29798– Huang and Franconi (1999) COMMERCIAL HEATING AND COOLING LOADS COMPONENT ANALYSIS– PNNL report (1990) ARCHITECT'S AND ENGINEER'S GUIDE TO ENERGY CONSERVATION IN EXISTING

BUILDINGS: Volume 1 - Energy Use Assessment and Simulation Methods

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FRP2 Weekday Lighting Target (Wh)

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Deliverable: Add latent, sensible, and lighting load to space according to occupancy schedule

Sensible: from occupants and MELs

Latent: from occupants

Lighting

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Validation Example – FRP1 SensibleHourly targetsOct 15, 2013

FRPEnergy Modeling for 1- and 2-Story Flexible Research Platforms

Mahabir BhandariPiljae Im

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FRP 1 : Initial E+ models

• Data preparation – Geometry, Thermal bridging• Internal loads/schedules/Setpoints• Infiltration – blower door test• HVAC performance

– Nordyne system : 2 stage RTU– NextAire : Engine Driven HP

• DesignBuilder/E+

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Weather file for 2013 – weather data, QA, formatting from monthly template

Weather stationTemperature Campbell Scientific CS215Relative humidity Campbell Scientific CS215Wind speed/direction Gill WindSonicRainfall Texas Electronics TE525WSGlobal Horizontal solar radiation LI-COR LI-200XDirect beam radiation Eppley NIPIR radiation from sky Eppley PIRAtmospheric pressure Vaisala CS106

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T, °

FT and RH

T - FRP

T - MIDC

T -Wonderg

RH - FRP

RH - MIDC

RH -Wonderg

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

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2

Direct Beam Radiation

Measured

Clear Sky Model Predicted

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Templates for Measured vs. Simulated Data

EnergyPlus Run

FRP Data Logger

Hourly Reports(WBE, Cooling, Heating,

Fan, MELs, Gas, Temperatures)

Measured End Use /Temp Data

(30s, 1 min, 1 hour data resolution)

Excel/Tableau Templates

Plots & Analysis

• Tableau• Excel

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Tableau Template for 2 HVAC Systems (Screenshot)

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2 Story FRP EnergyPlus Model

• Available models (as of 4/17/2014)1. EPlus v.8.1

1. Building Envelope Model w/ Ideal System2. w/ Packaged rooftop unit (Existing)

– 12.5 ton VAV w/ Gas heating (Elec. reheat)3. w/ VRF with DOAS system (Future)

– 1 outdoor/10 indoor VRF units with 5 ton DOAS RTU– 1 outdoor/10 indoor VRF units without DOAS– 4 external and 1 internal thermal zone per floor

2. OpenStudio Model

• Weather filesActual weather files: 2011, 2012, & 2013

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Retrofit Pre-assessment

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Preliminary comparison: Measured vs. Simulated (September 2013)

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0:0

0 0

9/3

0

10

:00

:00

09

/30

1

5:0

0:0

0 0

9/3

0

20

:00

:00

Hourly Lighting

Simulation

Measured

FRPVisual Analytics

Visual Analytics

Project Investigators:Joshua NewJibo Sanyalet al.

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Final Architecture

Maxlab-LinuxResearch/Development/Testing

Public/DeploymentServer (Linux)

Public/DeploymentServer (Win)

Research(Linux)HadoopStack

Same as Maxlab

Safety Plan

Safety Plan

Same as Maxlab-Linux

FRP Data Collection

Tony GehlJibo Sanyal

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Data Path (MAXLAB Server):LoggerNET software(Scheduled data collection)

CR3000 Dataloggers store data internally with battery backup.

LNDB software

Database

ASCII file storage

Tape Backup

4020, Rm A103

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Real-Time Monitoring & Control (RTMC) Software, ProfessionalRTMC Pro is used to create and run graphical screens that provide real-time monitor and control capabilities. It can be used to design displays with graphical components including alarms, switches, status bars, charts, and gauges.

Benefits and Features• Large library of components: alarms, switches, charts, gauges, etc.• Interactive components allows user to set datalogger values.• Securely monitor and control your data from virtually anywhere by

publishing your RTMC projects to your intranet or the Internet using the included Web Publisher and CSI Web Server

• View data from multiple LoggerNet servers, data files, LNDB databases, HTTP dataloggers, and virtual data sources.

• Send emails or execute code when alarms are triggered.• Create reports.• Use the extensive math and logic expression library to convert

and/or combine your data for display.

FRPSensor Data Validation and Correction (SensorDVC)Data Quality Assurance

Project Investigator: Charles CastelloHERE Intern: Jeffrey RossiterProject Manager: Joshua New

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What is our motivation?

• A wide range of sensors are being used in our research to develop and characterize performance of buildings on a component, system, and whole-building level.

• Missing and corrupt sensor data can be an issue due to:– Sensor failure– Sensor fouling– Calibration error– Data logger failure

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Typical Flow of SensorDVC

Import data (.csv file)

Output corrected data (.csv file)

Validate data

Visualize data (spectrograms)

Correct data

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Mockup of Senor Health Monitoring System (SensorHMS)

Provenance Data Management System

Jibo Sanyal

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Provenance Data Management

• Files are shared by email, network drives, USB sticks• No history or lineage is maintained• Derivative works often lose their ancestry• Impediment to productivity

Provenance Data Management System for FRPs

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Provenance – sensor lineage

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Gamification of Building Data

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Designated User Facility