Orthopedic Impairments

Thank you for Participating!Orthopedic ImpairmentsDr. Betty Nelson,SPED 6130Gibbs, Hopkins,Prather, Young

7. In order for the student to be classified under the OI category of IDEA, their severe orthopedic impairments must:

be very painful.

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7. In order for the student to be classified under the OI category of IDEA, their severe orthopedic impairments must:

cause a classroom distraction.

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7. In order for the student to be classified under the OI category of IDEA, their severe orthopedic impairments must:

require expensive accommodations.

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Cerebral PalsyThe largest group of students with orthopedic impairments.Occurs because of injury to the brain before, during, or after birth and results in poor motor coordination and abnormal motor patterns.

Types of Orthopedic ImpairmentsTypes of Orthopedic ImpairmentsMuscular DystrophyA group of diseases that weakens the muscles.Students often have difficulty walking or actively moving about.Spinal Cord InjuriesOccurs when the spinal cord is severely damaged or severed, usually resulting in partial or extensive paralysis, i.e. spina bifida.

Causes of Orthopedic ImpairmentSome students may be born and/or have an accident that results in diseases and defects of the muscles and bones. Car accidents, sports-related injuries, and premature birth may result in broken bones and burns, which damages more than just muscle and bone.

Causes of Orthopedic ImpairmentAside from birth defects, living conditions play a large role in orthopedic impairments.Club foot, an orthopedic impairment, is caused by malnutrition.Other effects of malnutrition are bone softness and bone deformity.Lack of medical care and hygiene can further increase the risk of orthopedic impairments.

Students classified under the OI category of IDEA:severe orthopedic impairments The impairment must affect their educational performance to the degree that the child requires special education.Children served in a special education program for orthopedic impairments: Usually function no lower than criteria outlined for mild intellectual disabilities programs.

Orthopedic Impairments in IDEAOrthopedic Impairments in IDEAStudents with orthopedic impairments only accounted for about 1.25% of all students receiving IDEA services.

Preventing Orthopedic ImpairmentFocus on well-balanced dietsBe aware of cleanlinessSeek proper medical careProvide proper nutrition for strong bonesMonitor births to avoid complicationsAdminister vaccines to prevent diseases that increase the chance of OI

Accommodations for Orthopedic Impairments Accommodations depend on the individual needs of the student. Most students with orthopedic impairments have no sign of cognitive impairments.Teachers should try to include the student in the general curriculum as much as possible.

AccommodationsStudents may need:Extra time to get from one class to anotherExtended test taking timeExtended time on writing assignments due to slow writing speedAccessible parking close to buildingA course waiver or substitution for qualified students

More AccommodationsAdjustable table and lab work stationsAccessible seating arrangements within the classroomNote takers or use of tape recordersPhotocopying of notes if the impairment disables the act of writing

Tips and StrategiesNot all orthopedic impairments are constant and unchangingSome students may experience relapses and require bed rest or hospitalization. Students may need extra time to make up missed work.

Tips and StrategiesA student with an upper body orthopedic impairment may not be able to raise his/her hand.

A student with an orthopedic impairment may be wheelchair boundMake eye contact with these students and be sure to call on them when they indicate they want to participate in class discussions.

Take a seat when conversing with a wheelchair bound student so he or she does not have to peer upwards.Assistive TechnologyThe use of assistive technology may be appropriate depending on the impairment.

17Devices Used to Access InformationSpeech recognition software

Screen reading software

Devices Used for MobilityCanesWheelchairsWalkersSpecialized exercise equipmentCrutches Chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture development

Journal ArticlesThe following is a sample of journal articles that will hopefully provide support for parents, teachers and students.

Peer Relations and Friendship in Physically Disabled Children by K. MulderijA childs ability to show initiative, degree of mobility, and physical attractiveness play a role in establishing friendships. When a child suffers from a lack of mobility, family members often have to actively seek friends for the child. Children who have the ability to show initiative have an advantage in establishing friendships.Educators can use the information presented in the article as a means of understanding the dynamics of peer relationships, and to facilitate the development of friendships between physically disabled students and their classmates. Several recommendations are made for parents of physically disabled children and teachers of physically disabled students to assist in the friendship establishment process.

Ebonie PratherMulderij, K. (1997). Peer relations and friendship in physically disabled children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 23(5), 379-389. Retrieved October 12, 2010, from Ebscohost Database.

21Students with Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments revised by John VennThis article focuses on the difficulties that students with Orthopedic Impairments may face in school, and how to prevent them.Working in teams is the best way to create a plan for these students because several perspectives are represented. The article lists several modifications, some technological and some environmental, that teachers may choose to implement so that their students are provided with the best opportunities available.Clifford YoungJohn Venn (1983). Students with Disabilities and Health Impairments. Retrieved October 8, 2010 from: http://library.adoption.com/articles/students-with-physical-disabilities-and-health- impairments.html

Research Into the Lifeworld of Physically Disabled Children by Karel J. MulderijThe article is taken from the perspective of students with physical disabilities, and details multiple types of bodies then summarizes the view of the children when another person stares at them, and also interactions with peers. The article is a great resource for teachers to use as a reminder of what the student sees and how to interact with that student.

Rachel HopkinsMulderij, K. J. . (1996). Research into the lifeworld of physically disabled children. Child: Care, Health, and Development, 22(5), 311-322. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libez.lib.georgiasouthern.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1996.tb00433.x/pdf

Assistive devices and cerebral palsy: the use of assistive devices at school by children with cerebral palsyBy I-C. Huang, D. Sugden and S. BeveridgeThis article reminds parents and teachers that one of the most important opinions, that is often overlooked, regarding assistive technology is the opinion of students using the technology. The study discovered that effectiveness of technology depends on several factors, including: childrens willingness, teachers attitudes and parents support.Also, this study pointed out that assistive technology is used quite often in school and hardly ever at home.Keep in mind children experience things differently than adults!Jessica GibbsChild: care, health, development. Retrieved October 20, 2010 from:C:\Users\default.tald2374124x001\Documents\AssistiveDevices.pdf

ResourcesThe following is a small sample of websites, journal articles and books that teachers, parents and students may find helpful.

National ResourcesNational Association of Parents with Children in Special Education:http://www.napcse.org/exceptionalchildren/orthopedicimpairments.phpDssc.org provides links to other resources that cover lesson plans, IEPs and benefits for disabilities:http://www.dssc.org/National Public Website on Assistive Technology:http://assistivetech.net/webresources/techActProjects.phpAssistive Technology: A Resource for School, Work, and Community [Paperback] Karen F. Flippo (Author), Katherine J. Inge (Editor)

National Resources for Specific Orthopedic ImpairmentsUnited Cerebral Palsy:http://www.ucp.org/ucp_channel.cfm/1/12Kids Health from Nemours (Particularly helpful because it offers information in Spanish as well):http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/brain/cerebral_palsy.htmlMuscular Dystrophy Association:http://www.mda.org/Spinal Cord Injury and Disease Resources (Index of articles for students, parents and teachers):http://www.makoa.org/sci.htm

State ResourcesGeorgia State Resource Guide:http://www.ucp.org/uploads/georgia_state_resources.pdfHousing: p 40Employment: p 21Assistive Technology: p 4Center for an Educated Georgia:http://educatedgeorgia.org/forparents-q10185-c5-Georgia_Special_Needs_Scholarship_SB_10.aspxThis scholarship provides around $6,000 to students with disabilities so that educational programs may be tailored to fit their individual needs.

State Resources for Specific Orthopedic ImpairmentUnited Cerebral Palsy of Georgia:http://www.ucp.org/ucp_local.cfm/63FOCUS Extraordinary Families Kool Kidz:http://www.focus-ga.org/Georgia State Resources:http://www.ucp.org/uploads/georgia_state_resources.pdfPage 16 provides information specifically for Spinal Cord Injuries

Local ResourceBulloch County SchoolsSpecial Educationhttp://www.bulloch.k12.ga.us/cms/page_view?d=x&piid=&vpid=1280193940853Provides therapies and services available in the Bulloch County school systemThe Special Olympicshttp://www.specialolympics.org/Locations/Special_Olympics_NA_Georgia.aspxStatesboro hosts Special Olympic events annually (volunteers, coachers and spectators gather to support local individuals with special needs)

. . . and now you can test your knowledge of Orthopedic Impairments with a quiz!

Quiz time1. There are no local resources in Bulloch County for Children with Orthopedic Impairments.TrueFalse1. There are no local resources in Bulloch County for Children with Orthopedic Impairments.TrueFalseIm sorry that answer is incorrect Try Again2. What does the Georgia State Resource guide not provide information about?HousingEmploymentTransportationAssistive Technology

2. What does the Georgia State Resource guide not provide information about?Housing

Im sorry that answer is incorrect Try AgainReferencesBursuck, W. D., & Friend, M. (2008). Including Students With Special Needs: A Practical Guide for Classroom Teachers (5th Edition) (MyEducationLab Series) (5 ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Hooper, S. R., & Umansky, W. (2008). Young Children with Special Needs (5th Edition) (5 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.Mulderij, K. (1997). Peer relations and friendship in physically disabled children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 23(5), 379-389. Retrieved October 12, 2010, from Ebscohost Database.Orthopedic Aid. CBM Website. Retrieved October 8, 2010, from http://www.cbmus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=orthoOrthopedic Impairments. Education.com. Retrieved October 3, 2010, from http://www.education.com/reference/article/orthopedic-impairments/Orthopedic Impairments Introduction. (n.d.). National Association of Parents of Children in Special Education. Retrieved October 1, 2010, from www.napcse.org/exceptionalchildren/orthopedicimpairments.php

Pictures retrieved from:http://www.horizonmagazine.com.au/?cat=9http://wwrc.virginia.gov/physicaltherapy.htmhttp://www.maryvillecityschools.k12.tn.us/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?sectiondetailid=14002&sc_id=1184530038http://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/healthcare-providers/shepherd-center5.htmhttp://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos070.htm http://wwrc.virginia.gov/assistivetech.htmhttp://www.unitedspinal.org/publications/action/2007/05/17/walking-in-space/ http://www.healingtherapies.info/laserpuncture.htm