MOCK OSCE 2012PUNE

• The OSCE Questions & Answers are prepared by the faculty for the benefit of Post graduate students and some are contributed from faulty

• These Questions and answers are made for the students to understand the pattern of OSCE and not meant to completely cover the subject of Pediatrics.

• Answer are checked from standard textbook in case of doubt plz email

• ashwinborade@yahoo.com204/09/2023 CME,PUNE

Station 1

• A 10 year old boy brought to ER having consumed 5 tablets of Tricyclic Antidepressants tablets 2 hrs back. On examination he is drowsy, but arousable. HR 138/min. temp 100 F. RR 10/ min. BP 80/60 mmHg.

• What are the clinical manifestations of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning?

• What are the cardinal cardiovascular indicators of toxicity?

• What is the poor prognostic factor?• What are the criteria for ECG diagnosis of poisoning ?• What is specific management and principle behind it?

Answer station 1• Anticholinergic toxidrome-delirium, mydriasis, dry mucus membranes, tachycardia,

hyperthermia, mild hypertension, urinary retention, slow GI motility. CNS toxicity-lethargy, coma, myoclonic jerks, seizures. Sinus tachycardia-most imp; widening of QRS complex, PVC, ventricular arrhythmias .Refractory hypotension.

• Sinus tachycardia; refractory hypotension; QRS duration of > 100 ms indicates risk for seizures & cardiac arrhythmias; R wave in lead aVR of > 3 mm is also an indicator of toxicity.

• Refractory hypotension

• QRS duration of > 100 ms indicates risk for seizures & cardiac arrhythmias; R wave in lead aVR of > 3 mm is also an indicator of toxicity

• Alkalinisation with soda bicarb therapy (ANTIDOTE). Goal of bicarb therapy is to increase sodium concentration and arterial pH. Dose is 1-2 meq/kg until pH> 7.45. 150 meq/L of sodium bicarb diluted with 5% dextrose to maintain pH. Treat hypotension with normal saline; Vasopressors for hypotension; Airway management.

Station 2

A 9 month old infant who was playing with marbles is suddenly found to the struggling to breathe. What would be your steps of intervention.

• 1. Till the baby is conscious.(1)• 2. If the baby becomes unconscious. (1)

Station 2B

• Identify the ECG. [1] • Write three common causes of this problem.

[1) • Write treatment of this problem [1 ]

Answer Station 2 A

1 (a) 5 back blows between the scapula. (b) 5 chest thrusts on the lower 3rd of sternum.

2 (a) Give –1. 2 rescue breaths2. 5 back blows3. 5 chest thrusts4. Look into the mouth5. If FB seen - remove it.6. If not - give 2 breaths and continue the sequence.

Answ 2 B

• Atrial fibrillation • • Rheumatic mitral valve disease ,left AV valve

insufficiency, thyrotoxicosis, pulmonary emboli, and pericarditis

• • The best initial treatment is digitalization,

which restores the ventricular rate to normal, although the atrial fibrillation usually persists.

Station 3 :A 13 year old boy under investigation in OPD

1. What is the abnormality? (1)2. What is the diagnosis? (1)3. What clinical features are likely to be present in the child? (1)4. . Name 2 condition with X linked Recessive inheritance. (1+1)

Answer station31. Defect in the long arm of X chromosome(Fragile sites) (Fragile sites are regions of chromosomes that show a tendency for separation,

breakage, or attenuation under particular growth conditions. The abnormality is caused by FMR1 gene expansion at Xp27.3 which is a fragile site)

2. Fragile X Syndrome 3. Long thin face Prominent jaw Macro orchidism Large ears Hyperkinetic behavior Mental retardation Large head Normal height

4. X linked Recessive Hemophilia Duchenne Muscular dystrophy Becker Muscular dystrophy

Station4 A six week old infant is referred for poor weight gain and seizure. On

examination, he looks cachexic and is dysmorphic with low set ears and a very small lower jaw. He also has severe thrush affecting the oral cavity and perineum. Cardiac apex is displaced into the left sixth intercostal space in anterior axillary line and there is a palpable thrill. A loud pan systolic murmur and an apical mid diastolic murmur can be heard. He is tachypneic but the lung fields are clear on auscultation. The liver is 3 cms below the costal margin in the mid clavicular line.

Investigations: Na 136, K 4.9, Ca 1.7,Albumin 4.2, Urea 7.8, Hb 10.2, WBC 3.8, Platelet 2.45 L, Echo Large VSD

• What is the diagnosis?(1)• What is commonest presentation during newborn period. (1)• Most likely explanation for the low plasma calcium ?(1)• What is the causes of immunodeficiency? (1)• The etiopathogensis of all these features is ? (1)

Answer 4

1. DieGeorge syndrome2. Hypocalcemic seizures3. Primary hypoparathyroidism4. Thymus gland aplasia leading to abnormal cell mediated

immunity5. An embryological defect of the third and fourth pharyngeal

pouches

Station5 15 months old child admitted with anemia with hepatosplenomegaly for evaluation, PS shows.1.Identify and describe PBS findings. (1)2.What is the diagnosis? (1)3.What is definitive treatment? (1) 4.What are clinical features seen in classical case ? (1)5.What is the basic etiology for this disorder ? (1)

Answer 5

1. PBS showing microcytic, hypochromic anemia with nucleated RBC, tear drops cells

2. Thalassemia major3. BMT4.Thalasemmic facies, Hs megaly, bone fractures5. Ineffective erythropoisis

Station 6AIdentify the slide.(1)What is treatment?(1)

Station 6 B

State True or False-1. The following are useful in assessing the gestational age of an infant- (0.2 x5) a) Posture T/F b) Palmar creases T/F c) Elbow angle T/F d) Square window test T/F e) Nipple formation T/F2. Blood flow in the fetus- (0.2 x5) a) Blood flows from right to left through foramen ovale- T/F b) Blood in the ascending aorta has higher oxygen content than the blood in

descending aorta- T/F c) The ductus arteriosus is closed T/F d) Pulmonary pressure equals systemic pressure T/F e) Hemoglobin may be 20 g/dl T/F3. Genetic anticipation occurs in the following conditions- (0.2 x5) a) Cystic fibrosis T/F b) Myotonic dystrophy T/F c) Fragile X Syndrome T/F d) Huntington’s chorea T/F e) Marfan’s Syndrome T/F

Answer : 6A :a) Egg of Ascaris Lumbricoidesb) Albendazole 400 mg or Mebendazole 100 mg BD x 3 days

6B:1. The following are useful in assessing the gestational age of an infant- a) True b)False c) False d) True e) True

2. Blood flow in the fetus- a) True b) True c) False d) False e) True

3. Genetic anticipation occurs in the following conditions- a) False b) True c) True d) True e) False

Station 7A 15 yrs old child with no significant past history comes in OPD with

slow myoclonic seizures since 2 days. Also parents noticed he had subtle personality changes and poor school performance .His EEG done

What are the EEG changes? (1)What is the diagnosis?(1)What is diagnostic criteria (1)What is etiology for same ?(1)What are CNS complications?(1)

Answer 7

• High voltage burst slow waves with normal background• SSPE• Measles ab in CSF/EEG/histological finding on biopsy• Persistent measles viral infection in CNS• Hypertonia, bulbar palsy,choreatheosis,decerebrate

posturing

• Station 8 A

A. What test is performed ?(1/2)B. What are indications? (1/2)C. What 2 important parameters it measures? (1/2) D. Based on these result how can you differentiate disorders ? (1)

• Station 8 B

A. What is the elemental content of 1 ml ?(2)B. Which solution is incompatible if mixed with this drug?(1)C. Give 2 indications for its use (2)

Answer 8AA SpirometryB To differentiate obstructive n restrictive respiratory diseases.C FVC and FeV1D FVC,FEV1 both low- restrictive FVC-N FEV1 Low - obstructive FVC low FEV1 very low- mixed diseases .B A. Ca Gluconate 10% (1 ml = 9 mg elemental Ca)B. Do not mix with HCO3

C. Bradycardia, Asystole and Sclerosis

Station 9 Write the specific odour of urine in following condition (10x0.5=5 )

1.Glutaric acedemia mousy

2. Hawkinswria tomcat urine

3. 3-hydroxy 3 methyglutaric acidemia maple syrup

4. Isovaluric acedemia cat urine

5. Maple syrup urine diseses sweaty feet

6. Hypermethioninemia rancid butter /boiled cabbage

7. Multiple carboxylase defiency , boiled cabbage

8. Phenyketnuria swimming pool

9. Trimethylamuria rotting fish

10. Tyrosiemia sweaty feet

Answer Station 9 The specific odour of urine in following condition

• Glutaric acedemia –sweaty feet• Hawkinswria,-swimming pool• 3-hydroxy 3 methyglutaric acidemia,-cat urine• isovaluric acedemia,-sweaty feet• maple syrup urine diseases –maple syrup• hypermethioninemia,-boiled cabbage• multiple carboxylase defiency ,-tomcat urine• Phenyketnuria-mousy• Trimethylamuria,-rotting fish• Tyrosiemia-rancid butter /boiled cabbage

Station 10 A

2 yrs old child admitted with anemia , hepatosplenomegaly and fever. PBS shows :

• What is the diagnosis?(1)• What are complications?(1)• What is late treatment failure in this case.(1)

Station 10 B

1. What is the radiological diagnosis? ( 1) 2. Name 2 risk factors for the development of this condition (1/2 +1/2)

Answer 10 A

• Falciparum malaria • Severe anemia, cerebral malaria, respiratory distress,

hypoglycemia • Late treatment failure: Patient will exhibit late treatment

failure (LTF) under following situations:• (i) Development of danger sign or severe malaria on any

day between day 4 and day 14 in presence of parasitemia.• (ii) Axillary temperature >37.5ºC in presence of parasitemia

on any day from day 4 to day 14.

Answer 10 B

1. Right & Left pneumothorax with left upper zone haziness

2.Risk Factors-• Assisted ventilation (including CPAP) • MAS,RDS • Other Air Leak Syndromes (e.g. PIE)• Pulmonary hypoplasia • Idiopathic or spontaneous

Station 11

• A:Write content of the following in Human milk fortifier (1/4X 8=2)

1. Protein 2. Fat 3. Sodium 4. Calcium 5. Vit D 6. Thiamine 7. Vit B12 8. Zinc

• B:Write biological value, net protein utilization and protein efficacy ratio of –

1.Meat 2. Egg 3. Bengal gram 4. Wheat (12 X 0.25=3 )

Answer 11APROTEIN 0.2gFat 0.1gNA 1.5calcium 50Vit D 250Thiamine 12B12 0.05Zinc 0.18

Answer11BBIOLOGICAL VALUE

NPU PER

Meat 74 76 3.2EGG 96 96 3.8Bengal gram 74 61 1.3WHEAT 66 61 1.3

Station 12• Identify diagram .(1)• What are the uses? (1)• Name each components A-F along with interpretation of

each (1/4 x 6=3)

Answer 12 • Scatter diagram and correlations.

• A scatter diagram is a tool for analyzing relationships between two variables. One variable is plotted on the horizontal axis and the other is plotted on the vertical axis. The pattern of their intersecting points can graphically show relationship patterns.

• A;No Correlation There is no demonstrated connection between the two variables• B;Weak Positive Correlation The value of Y increases slightly as the value of X

increases• C;Strong Positive Correlation The value of Y clearly increases as the value of X

increases.• D;Weak Negative Correlation The value of Y decreases slightly as the value of X

increases• E;Strong Negative Correlation The value of Y clearly decreases as the value of X

increases.• .F; Perfect Correlation The value of Y seems to be related to the value of X.

Station 13

• 2 yrs old girl brought with pubic hair and clitoromegaly, increased irritability gradually increasing since the past 3 months. No history of drug ingestion or hyperpigmentation.

• On examination she has BMI above the 95 th centile. BP:112/80 mm of Hg. HR:92/min & RR:24/min. She has hirsutism and few acneform eruptions on the face. Her cheeks are chubby & few pink striae present over the face and abdomen. Genital examination shows pubic hair stage 2 & clitorus measuring 1.8 cms. She is extremely irritable. Systemic examination is normal.

• What is the diagnosis? (1)• What is most likely etiology at this age? (1)• Enlist 2 important screening tests used for the above condition? (1+1)• Name 2 drugs used for the medical management of this condition?

(1/2+ 1/2)

Answer 13 • Cushings syndrome• Etiology:

Below age of 7 yrs: ACTH independent autonomous adrenal lesion like Adrenal adenoma or carcinoma

• Screening tests: Assessment of diurnal cortisol rhythm Overnight dexamethasone supression test 24 hour urinary free cortisol Salivary cortisol

• Drugs that can be used: Ketoconazole Aminoglutethimide Cyproheptidine Metyrapone Mitotane

Station 14 6 yr old boy brought with the deformity shown in the figure. His sister, 8 yrs also has a

similar deformity gradually increasing since 3 yrs of age. On examination his height is below the third percentile & US/LS ratio is 1.6:1. There are multiple dental abscesses. Mother also has a similar deformity but very mild in nature. S. calcium : 8.8 mg/dl, Phosphorus : 1.8 mg/dl Alk phosphatase: 380 IU PTH levels: 18 pg/ml (9-55 pg/ml) 25-OH Cholecalciferol: 26 ng/ml(10-50 ng/ml)

1,25(OH)2Cholecalciferol: 18 pg/ml (20-60 pg/ml)

TMPO4/GFR: reduced. X-ray of both

lower limb shows florid richetic changes

• What is the Diagnosis? (1)• What is the inheritance ?(1)• It is due to mutation of which gene?( 1)• What is the Treatment?(1)• Write 4 endocrinal causes of short stature. (1)

Ans 14

• Hypophosphatemic Rickets

• X-linked dominant

• Mutation in PHEX gene

• Treatment: Phosphorus supplement orally- 1-4 g/day QDS Alfacalcidol- 25-50 ng/kg/day or calcitriol 0.25-2 mcg/day.

• 4 causes-1.Pan hypopitutarisum2.Isolated GHD3.Hypothyrodisum4.Cushing syndrome5.DM

Station 15 Our patient is a 17 yr old female with history of recurrent seizures. Admitted in PICU

with stroke. She was evaluated for same.• Identify and describe the investigation? (1/2+1/2)• What is the diagnosis? (1)• What other disorder are associated with this disease? (1)• What is the treatment of choice? (1)• What are syndromes associated with contralateral hemiplgia in children? (1)

Answer 15

1. a)MRI T1 weighted images show extensive collateralization of vessels in region of circle of willis.

b) MRA reveals reduced luminal calibre of left internal carotid artery in petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments.

2. Moya moya disease.3. Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis, or sickle cell disease 4. Direct superficial temporal artery (STA) to

middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass is considered the treatment of choice.

5. Weber syndrome, Benedict syndrome ,millard gublar syndrome.

Station 16 A

• Write RNTCP cat IV regimen (1)

Station 16 B :

What is the graph? (1)What are its uses? (1) How do you use it? (1) What are the other charts used for this purpose? (1)

Answer 16 A

6(9) Kmofx(Lvx) Eto Cs Z E/ 18 ofx (Lvx) Eto Cs E

Answer 16 B

• Trivandrum development screening chart• Development assessment upto 24 months• SAT hospital, TVM• A vertical line is drawn or pencil is kept vertically at level

age at child being tested ,if child fails to achieve any item that falls short on left side of vertical line child had developmental delay

• DDST,DST,BSID

Station 17 ( 5 marks)Write the laboratory values for following disorders

( either N,

calcium phosphorus PTH 25(OH)2D3 1,25(OH)2 D3

Vit D def.

VDDR type 2

CRF

ADHR

Fanconi syndrome

Answer 17

calcium phosphorus PTH 25(OH)2D3 1,25(OH)2 D3

Vit D def. N / dec dec incre dec Dec/N/Inc

VDDR type 2 N/dec dec incres N incre

CRF N/dec incre incre N dec

ADHR N dec N N Rd

Fanconi syndrome

N dec N N Rd or incre

Station 18 2 yrs old child with MR admitted for evaluation , On examination he had anemia

with organomegaly. Lab evaluation showed anemia with thrombocytopenia .BM done .

1.What is the diagnosis?

2.What are the marrow findings?

3.What is the etiology for such findings?

4.What are the typical radiological findings?

5.What is the definitive treatment? (1x5=5)

Answer 18

• Gaucher disease .• Wrinkled paper cells in BM• Intracytoplsmic substrate inclusion• Erlenmeyer flask deformity in distal femur• Enzyme replacement with b glucosidase

Station 19 (1X5=5)

1.How will you immunize a child with bleeding disorder? (1) 2.Name the vaccines which can be placed in the freezer

compartment of the refrigerator (1)

3.Write down the time limits for using the following vaccines after reconstitution-

• Varicella (1)• Measles/MMR (1)

4. Write the schedule of rabies vaccine for a person, who has been bitten by a dog but has received 5 doses of rabies vaccine earlier. (1)

Answer 19

1.Subcutaneous route should be used (Unless contraindicated) For aluminium adjuvanted vaccines that can only be given intramuscularly,

vaccination should be scheduled after factor replacement therapy Needles <23G should be used for injection and the parents should be asked to apply

firm and sustained pressure, without rubbing, for at least 5 minutes.

2.Freezer compartment: BCG, OPV, Measles, and MMR. 3. Varicella = 30 min (and protect from light) Measles/MMR = 4 to 6 hours

4. Two doses are given on days 0 and 3. (For re exposure at any point of time after completed (and documented) pre or post

exposure prophylaxis)

Station 20

Interpret the following ABG reports: 1. pH-7.6/ PaCo2-25/ Pao2-160/ HCo3-24 (Fio2-50%)

Calculate AaDO2 and write the formula (1+ 1/2)

2. pH-7.38/ PaCo2-65/ Pao2-48/ HCo3-34 (Fio2-60%)

(a) what is the ABG diagnosis (1) (b) What is normal PaO2 level expected if a child is breathing at room air with

normal lungs? (1)

3. pH-7.45/ PaCo2-40/ Pao2-120/ HCo3-28.5/ Spo2 99%/ Hg 8 gm% Calculate Oxygen content in given blood gas (1+1/2)

Answer 20

1. 165.25(Formula) AaDO2 = (713 x FiO2) – (pCO2 / 0.8) – (paO2)

2. a)Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation b) 80-100 mmHg

3. 11 ml O2 /dl Arterial Oxygen content = (Hb x 1.36 x SpO2 ) + ( 0.0031

x PaO2)

Station 21 :

Which materials are used to sterilize the given items- (1X5=5)

• Floor • Ambu bag• Chittle forceps• Probe of pulse oximeter and Weighing scale • Laryngoscope

Answer 21

• FLOOR : By Phenol• Ambu bag : after dismantling clean with soapimmearse in

Cidex for 4-6 hrs rinse with water dry,wrap and put a date

• Cheattle forceps : autoclave • Probe of Pulse oxymeter : by spirit• Weighing machine : 2% Bacillocid • Laryngoscope : by spirit. If used for infected patient than

wash with soap & water -- after removing bulb,put blade in 2% cidex wash, dry and wrap.

Station 22Match the following (5)

Level of evidenceCharacterstics

I Case series

II Lesser quality RCT ( eg less than 30% follow up; no blinding; improper randomization) /systematic review of level II RCT

III Expert opinion

IV High quality RCT with statistically significant difference or no statistically significant difference but narrow confidence

interval/systematic review of level I RCT

V Case control study, observational, retrospective comparative study/ systematic review of level III RCT

Station 22 answer (5)

Level of evidenceCharacterstics

I High quality RCT with statistically significant difference or no statistically significant difference but narrow confidence

interval/systematic review of level I RCT

II Lesser quality RCT ( eg less than 30% follow up; no blinding; improper randomization) /systematic review of level II RCT

III Case control study, observational, retrospective comparative study/ systematic review of level III RCT

IV Case series

V Expert opinion