Chapter 1AW101 Occupational Safety & Health 1

Introduction To Occupational Safety and

Health

Learning Outcomes Understand the Occupational Safety and Health

Student must be able to :

1. Define the concepts of OSHA

2. Explain the history of OSHA

3. Explain the importance of safety in the W/place

4. Describe the major safety terminologies

5. Classify types of accident

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What is OSHA?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Responsible for worker safety and health protection

1. Concept of OSHATo prevent work-related injuries,

illnesses, and occupational fatality by issuing and enforcing standards for

workplace safety and health

Concepts of OSHA

• Accident prevention is an essential part of good management and workmanship

• Management and workers must cooperate • Top management must take the lead• A define and known safety and health

policy• Organization and resources to achieve

policy• Best available knowledge and methods

Cont…

• The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 ( OSHA 1994), which is based on the concept of self regulation places the responsibility to ensure safety and health of workers on those who create the risk . As such , it is important that both employer and employees undertake the responsibility to provide a safe and healthy workplace.

History of OSHA

• Evolution of OSH Legislation in Malaysia– 1844 British Legislation – specific safety & health– Piecemeal legislation and regulations for example

transporting machinery on the train

• 1972 Lords Roben “Committee of Inquiry” – Robens Report on OSH

• Factories and Machinery Act (139) in 1967– Part II Safety, Health and Welfare – enforced 1970

• Occupational Safety and Health Act (514) 1994

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Act 514Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

Regulations under OSHA 1994

Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Order 1997Occupational Safety and Health (Prohibition of Use of Substance) Order 1999

Guidelines Code of practice

2. HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Application of OSHAApply throughout Malaysia to the industries as follows (First Schedule )

» Manufacturing;

» Mining and Quarrying;

» Construction;

» Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing;

» Utilities such as Electricity, Gas, Water and sanitary Services;

» Transport, Storage and Communication;

» Wholesale and Retail Trades;

» Hotels and Restaurants;

» Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services

» Public Services and Statutory Authorities

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OSH LAWS IN MALAYSIA

1. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 94)

2. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 67)3. Electricity Supply Act 1990 (ESA 90)4. Environment Quality Act 1974 (EQA 74)5. Employees Social Security Act (SOCSO)

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SCOPE OF OSHA 1994

Includes ALL WORKING PERSONS

ExceptARMED FORCES

PERSONNELAnd

CREW OF MERCHANT SHIPS

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3. Importance of Safety in the Workplace

1. Improve productivity – when the employees feel safe at work, they can give their best of their potential work.

2. Protects employees and employer from death or injury.

3. Teaches workers how to work in a safe environment.

4. Teaches workers to pay attention to their surroundings.

5. Prevents companies from law suits.6. Keeps everyone feel safe and happy!!

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3. Importance of Safety in the Workplace

1. Meningkatkan produktiviti - apabila pekerja berasa selamat di tempat kerja, mereka boleh memberikan yang terbaik mereka kerja potensi mereka.

2. Melindungi pekerja dan majikan dari kematian atau kecederaan.

3. Mengajar pekerja bagaimana untuk bekerja dalam persekitaran yang selamat.

4. Mengajar pekerja untuk memberi perhatian kepada persekitaran mereka.

5. Menghalang syarikat daripada guaman undang-undang.

6. Memastikan semua orang merasa selamat dan gembira!!

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Major Safety Terminology• Safety: The condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk, or injury.• Accident: An unplanned unexpected event which may result in loss,

injury, or damages.• Danger: A state of condition in which personal injury and/or asset damage

is reasonably foreseeable.• First Aid: The skilled application of accepted principles of treatment on

the occurrence of an accident using facilities or material available at the time.

• Hazard: a situation which poses a level of threat to life, health, property or environment.

• Near Miss: An incident which does not show a visible result, but had a potential to do so.

• Risk Assessment: A process where hazards are identified and risks evaluated, with the objective of eliminating or reducing the risks as low as is reasonably practicable.

Major Safety Terminology• Keselamatan: keadaan yang selamat; kebebasan dari bahaya, risiko, atau

kecederaan.• Kemalangan: Suatu acara yang tidak dirancang yang tidak dijangka yang

mungkin menyebabkan kerugian, kecederaan atau kerosakan.• Bahaya: A menyatakan keadaan di mana kecederaan peribadi dan / atau

kerosakan aset boleh diteka secara munasabah.• Pertolongan Cemas: Permohonan mahir prinsip-prinsip yang diterima

rawatan apabila berlaku kemalangan yang menggunakan kemudahan atau bahan-bahan yang terdapat pada bila-bila masa.

• Bahaya: situasi yang menimbulkan tahap ancaman kepada nyawa, kesihatan, harta, atau alam sekitar.

• Berhampiran Miss: satu insiden yang tidak menunjukkan hasil yang dapat dilihat, tetapi mempunyai potensi untuk berbuat demikian.

• Penilaian Risiko: Satu proses di mana bahaya dikenal pasti dan risiko yang dinilai, dengan tujuan untuk menghapuskan atau mengurangkan risiko serendah yang semunasabahnya dapat dilaksanakan.

Pearson Triangle Effect

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Serious Accident

Lost time, losses

First aid, rescue

Property damage, home loss, income loss

Near misses out there

Types Of Accident

FINISH ………………………….. CHAPTER 1

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

OSHA Coverage Activity

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Covered by OSHA?

Worker

YES NO1. Harry Adams, a miner at Below Ground

Inc.

YES NO2. Adrian Smith, one of 3 employees of

ABC landscaping.

YES NO3. Taylor Dell, an accountant in business

for herself.

YES NO4. Rob Jones, one of 10 carpenters

working for Woody, Inc.