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Osteoporosis

Created by:

Tricia Fleming, University of Kansas Dietetic Intern

Tammy Beason, MS, RD, Nutrition EducationSpecialist, Family Nutrition Education Program

December 2001

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OsteoporosisA major public threat for more than 28

million Americans. 80 % are women.

One in 2 women and One in 8 men over50 will have an osteoporosis relatedfracture.

The estimated cost for osteoporotic andassociated fractures is 38 million a day!

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What is it?A disease in which bones become

fragile and more likely to break.

Breaks usually occur in the hip, spineand wrist.

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What is it? Hip and spine fractures are a major

concern.

Hip fractures almost always requiresurgery and hospitalization.

Spine fractures have serious

consequences such as loss of height,severe back pain, and deformity.

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What causes osteoporosis? Scientist have not yet learned all the reasons

this occurs.

When you are young your body makes newbone faster than it breaks down old bones.

As you get older, this process slows downand you start losing bone density.

The risk for osteoporosis depends on howmuch bone mass you attained between ages25 and 35 and how fast you lose it.

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Risk FactorsCertain people are more likely to develop

this disease than others.

Female

Thin and/or small frame

Advanced age

Family history of osteoporosis

Post menopause

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Risk Factors Anorexia nervosa or bulimia

Diet low in calcium

Use of certain medications

Low testosterone levels in men

An inactive lifestyle

Cigarette smoking Excessive use of alcohol

Being Asian or Caucasian

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Are your bones healthy?

Normal bone Osteoporosis

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Bone Health Bones are living tissue, they provide

structural support, protect vital organs andstore calcium.

Until age 30, we store and build boneeffectively.

As part of the aging process, bones begin to

break down faster than they are formed. Accelerates after menopause. Estrogen is the

hormone that protects against bone loss.

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DetectionBone Density Tests:

Can detect osteoporosis before afracture occurs.

Predicts your chances of fracturing inthe future.

Determines your rate of bone loss andmonitors the effects of treatment.

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Bone Mass DensityThe National Osteoporosis Foundation

Recommends you have a BDT if:

You use medications that cause osteoporosis You have type I diabetes, liver disease,

kidney disease or a family history

You experience early menopause

Youre postmenopausal over 50 and have atleast one risk factor.

Youre postmenopausal over 65 and neverhad a test.

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Prevention Building strong bones in childhood and

adolescence is the best defense.

A balanced diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D Weight bearing exercise

A healthy lifestyle with no smoking or

excessive alcohol intake. Bone density testing and medication when

appropriate.

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Calcium Is needed for heart muscles, and

nerves to function properly.

Inadequate amounts contribute toosteoporosis.

Appropriate calcium intake falls

between 1000 and 1300 mg a day.

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CalciumIncrease calcium:

Consume calcium rich foods such as,low-fat milk, cheese, broccoli, andothers.

Calcium supplement, if dietary calcium

consumption is inadequate

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How to get enough Calcium

every day!Follow the Food Guide Pyramid

for Dietary Calcium Sources

Dairy- low fat yogurt, skim milk, cheese, chocolatepudding, ice milk, ice cream or frozen yogurt.

Protein- tofu, sardines, salmon

Vegetables- turnip greens, Bok Choy, Broccoli,

collard greens Other foods: vegetable lasagna, cheese enchilada,

cheese pizza, calcium fortified orange juice.

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Vitamin D Is needed for your body to absorb

calcium.

Comes from 2 sources : the sun and

Fortified dairy products, egg yolks,saltwater fish, and liver.

Need 400-800 IU a day.

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Exercise Exercising regularly in childhood and

adolescence can ensure that you will

reach peak bone density. Need to participate in weight bearing

exercise. For example, walking,

dancing, jogging, stair climbing, racquetsports and hiking.

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Medications There is no cure, but several medications

have been approved.

Each stops or slows bone loss, increases bonedensity, and reduces fracture risk.

Estrogen Replacement,

Alendronate,raloxitene and risedronate areprescribed to prevent and treat the disease.

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Bone-Building Checklist Maintain a calcium rich diet.

Get plenty of vitamin D

Engage in weight-bearing exercise

Dont smoke and limit alcohol intake

Consider Hormone Replacement orother medications if you are at risk.

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Whats next? We need to educate young women and

teenagers about the risk of

osteoporosis. Great resource: www.nof.org

http://www.nof.org/http://www.nof.org/