ULL SIGHT CEBKMOSY IS

CATHEDRAL.

RUSSIAN CHURCHEASTER WORSHIP

nlfyinp the Incarnation of the Lord as perfect God

and perfect man: In the other, the Triklrl. three

lights eymbollM the Trinity. Tn thin *n^)

lt!°ftof tli- Easter morning ceremonies the Archbishop

mars a jrreat crown of Jewels, presented by the

Char.Hour after hour the services pro*- more rich in

ceremonial, more magnificent hi song. In each tn?Archbishop descends to the mm of th- church.

The seemingly Impenetrable mass of people press

hack to make way for the ceremony In a move-

ment so client as to appear without effort. Fol-

lowingrome priests «nd deacon- bearing a *eWencovered honk of the Gospels or. it may be. the

service book, and sacred ikons on long staffs.

liehterf randies and golden symbols to illuminate

the service. Th« procession is made more hnpres-

rive by the goMen vestures of the deacons and

acolyte* and the richly embroidered «*"» and ™"

x*r robe*, stoles, copes and cassocks of the priests.

whose genuflexions alone convey the solemn or

triumphant nature of the ceremonial in progress,

even did not the chants and hymns proclaim It.

At each ceremony It is necessary to handl and

take from the Archbishop the crucifix, candlesticksand censer. On such occasions the priest and

dragons Who perform this office kiss the back of

the "hand of the officiating bishop, in token of rec-

ognition of him as representative of the great High

Priest Jesus Christ. To whomsoever holds the

cross this homage Is rendered. As in the com-

rr.union service communicants Us* first the chalicecontaining the sacred elements and then the hand

which offers them, as representing tha hand of

Christ, so in the Pontifical Easter mass, when the

crucius is presented to the people, they kiss firstthe feet upon the cross and then the hand whichhrars it. This rite brings to the people the near-ness of their Lord.

When. n?ar the close of the Pontifical mass, the

Eastern Easter greeting Is first offered to the peo-

ple by their Archbishop, an ilium-nation of spirit-

ual joy seems to Irradiate the faces of those who

greet dm with a kiss. First priests and then thepeople in the chaaeSl kiss the Archbishop's hand,

each cheek, his mouth and then one cheek. Thissame joyous embrace, with the greeting-, "Christ is

risen." is exchanged between members of the con-gregation and their friends at the close of sen-ice

in the moraine-

FOUR THOUSAND WOP-SHIPPERS.Nearly four thousand people. f«w of whom are

\u25a0 linn11. press into the compass of the cathedralduring the night, and so silently do they enter thatwhen a collection is taken up the chink of coinupon a golf-fringed and broldered plate cover Isdistinctly heard In the choir gallery, and so is thekiss of some worshipper at a shrine. Meantimethe offertory Is being sung and the church officialshold up the plates now and then that they may be

seen and reached by the densely massed congrega-

tion, among whom passage back and forth Is neces-

sarily slow.Kneeling becomes almost impossible, but at times

the congregation as one man falls upon Its knees

and rises again. Intense devotion stamps the wor-shippers, from the high government official. In hisdecorations, to the humble artisan at his side.Many press toward ma sanctuary. A constant

stream of white tapers passes over the shoulders

cr the mass chancelward. Outside, a throng

which stretches from Fifthto Madison avenue andpacks the street from side to side. Is waiting to

be blessed.Early in the service Archbishop and assistants,

witheffigy, ikons, golden ceremonials, lighted can-

dles and the golden book, march, singing, to tha

outer doors, and there chant a service for the peo-

ple, who. when It Is presented, press forward toki« the effigy. The Pontifical blessing is pro-

•Tart." ea!<l Tommy, promptly.

H!s father sighed as he recalled the many lessons

on manners he had given the hoy.

"Tart, what?" he queried, kindly.

But Tommy* eyes were glued on the pastry."Tart, what- was asked, sharply, this time.

'Tart first:" answered Tommy, triumphantly—

Tit-Bits.

FREE LECTURES CLOSE APRIL 30.

Ainouncement has 'been made by the Board olEducation that the present season of free public

lectures for the adults of the city will close on

April30, and will reopen in October, at a date to

be announced In the fall. The present season has

been one of the most successful in the history of

the board, and the attendance from present Ind-

entions will exceed 1.350.800 for the season.

TOMMY'S MANNERS.They were at dinner, and the dainties were on

the table."Will you take tart or pudding?" asked papa of

Tommy.

BOON TO AUTOMOBILISTS.The opening of the Queensb-ro Bridge is proving

a boon to the automobllis-s Of the city, enabling

them to reach their country homes or their favor-

ite resorts on Ixrng Island in much less time and

With far greater ease than formerly. At the. Gar-

den City Hotel more than twice the number of.

motor parties usual at this season of the year have

been registered In the last few days. Mrs. O. H.

P. Belmont was one of the visitors at the hotel tostSunday. Among other visitors registered at the

hotel during the week were Mr. and Mrs. F. C.Cranford, Mr. nnd Mr*. C. A. Bentley, Mrs. Frank

H. Richardson, Mr. and Mrs. C. P. Dixon. Mr. and

Mrs. Fred Herresiioff. Mr. and Mrs. John S. Sells,

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. Gnenthsr. Mr. and Mr?.

D. B. Van Emburgh. Mr. nnd Mrs. V. P. Clark, Mr.and" Mrs. W. R. Thurston. Mr. and Mrs. Charles E,

Klmball. Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Martin. Mr. and

Mrs. Horatio »!son. Mr. and Mrs. John S. Durand

and Mr. and Mr*. George Flint Warren, of New-

York.

congregation is as unwearied as though fresh fromrest as dawn creeps ever the lan.i at the end of asermon In Russian. A wave of humanity presses

forward for a personal Easter girt and blessing

from the Archbishop.tn gt. Nicholas Cathedral, in Brooklyn, a similar

service Is conducted in Syrian-Arar:.-. with por-

tions of it In English, since this is the headquarters

of the English department of the Eastern Church.A striking feature of the Easter Day vespers In

thla cathedr-l Is the reading of the Gospels in eight

different 1nguages from eight widely differentpoints of the church, representing that th« GosaeJ13 for the whole earth and that Christ has risen

for all nations.At M o'clock numbers reassemble In the Russian

Cathedral to take part In an Easter Day service ofthanksgiving, followed by baptismal and marriage

ceremonies. At the morning service Is room for

kneeling, and the multitude kneels through ihe

greater part of it. Many place tapers In some one

Of seven candlesticks before the sanctuary; som*

devoutly kiss the symbolic pictures upon tho

screens or an ikon upon a shrine, always reverent-ly crossing themselves after touching the emblemsconsecrated to God, and in genuflexions during thechanting of prelates and choir signifying how close-ly they follow * service wfc—s words, so dear to

them, are unintelligible to an American.

There is an Old World remoteness about the ser-vices in this Russian cathedral-an Old World de-

votion Whicn seems to set the place and Rs wor-

shipper? centuries away from the materialism orthe great city which enfold? lr

GOVERNMENT SNOW MEASURING STATION AT ROLLINS PASS. COL.About 11.600 feet above sea level.

raACE CONGRESS CF MONEY KINGS MIGHT AVERT WAR

That Uncle Sam is not disposed to overlook aa>point when It comes to aiding the developers ofthe country is evidenced in the establishment ofsnow gauging stations at many points In the RockyMountains, under the direction of officials of th»United States Weather Bureau. The amount ofsnow that falls In the Rocky Mountains determinesthe amount of water in many of the principalrivers of the country, and hence has a bearing onthe floods that devastate th» Middle West »n somespring seasons. The snowfall in the mountains hasmuch to do with determining the success or failureof the vast Irrigation enterprises that have sprun?up In the West. The mountains act as vast reser-voirs. When the snowbanks are piled hlgs in thesenatural reservoirs the farmer who depends on irri-gation knows that there Is no danger of shortageof water in the coming summer. Bat If the mainrange shows few snow capped peaks and the gul-lies contain few white drifts then the farmer real-izes that he must husband every drop of water.

It is for keeping accurate and dependable recordsof snowfall that the government is establishingthese snow gauging; stations throughout the RockyMoimfatns Statistics wl!Ibe kept and comparisonswillbe made each year, so the people in the Missis-sippi Valley will know whether ins flood danger Isat maximum or minimum and the Western rancherwill not have to guess at the amount ofm thatwillbe available for Irrigation purposes. Then. too.in the Rocky Mountains are springing up waterpower enterprises that dwarf Niagara by compari-son. Through the government estimates of th<»snowfall the promoters of these enterprises willbeable to figure approximately the amount of waterpower that willbe available.F. H. Brandenburg, one of the. veterans el th»

Weather Bureau service, who Is in charge of thestatlcn at Denver, has established most of thesnow gauging stations in the mountains. He hasspent the greater part of the winter at the task.More than thirty stations have been erected byMr. Brandenburg in Colorado alone.

•"This has been an exceptionally good season forbeginning the work of measuring the snowfall."\u25a0aid Mr.Brandenburg, "if the amount of snow hasany bearing on the subject. The snowfall In theRocky Mountains has been the heaviest in manyyears. In some places in the mountains the drift*are forty or fifty feet deep, and five feet on a levelIs a common occurrence. Some of the enow gaug-ing stations have been established a* tremendousaltitudes, as at Boreas Pass. La Veta Pass, etc..but most of them are well below timber mi

"After thorough consideration of the subject, asnow bin has been evolved, by means of which theactual snowfall can be determined. This snow binis five feet square and five feet deep, and is placeden stilts, so the top of th* box is ten feet aboveground. By means of a snow scale inside, theamount of snowfall is determined, thai work belnsdons by subordinates who are always on tliaground. The government Forest Service and mawater resources branch of the Geological Surreyare co-operating In the work of snow measurement.

Forest rangers take the measurements of snowfallon the forest reserves, snow scales heir:? attachedto trees at favorable points and being read a:stated times by Forest Service employes.

"The snow measuring stations are all numbered,and as reports are sent in they are tabulated !>ythe Weather Bureau. As the snow disappears Inthe open places and in the forests and gulches

conclusions are reached as to the amount cfrun-off. The statistics willbe available to the pub-lic, of course, and Itis believed this branch of mlWeather Bureau work willprove of great benefit.Records of the annual snowfall are even more im-portant than records of rainfall In this MklMountain country, for the reason thai It rainscomparatively little In the seml-arli reg:or\ where-as the snows are generally frequent and heavy. AsIrrigation and water power enterprises multiplylathe West the Importance of snow records will In-crease. Colorado is a particularly important poiat,

for the reason that so many of the great streamson either SMS of the Divide have their headwaterhere and are fed by the snows from thi highest

ppak« of Urn main range."

One of the new snow measuring stations hasbeen established at Steamboat Springs, in PvOUttCounty, where accurate estimates of the snoejfSl

on the western side of the ant Divide will be

made. A few weeks ago the tel*phon* line out ofSteamboat Springs would not work. Linemen tvers

sent out on snowShoOS and with provisions dra»ri

en sledges. Th* linemen returned, stating thatthey found the tops of the telephone poles forty

feet below the surface of the snow m many places.

A temporary line was fixed by stringing wire from

the tops of the tallest trees. Jackson's Hole. Im-

mediately south of Yellowstone National Park, has

had an unprecedented fall of snow this winter, ?'?'

deep have been the drifts In the mountains fiattho elk. of which there are thousands in this Mlgome paradise, were driven to the valleys below.Finally the Stats had to appropriate Slo.<™> to fee*these- elk.

When the government has established nowmeasuring stations along the entire crest cf the

continent, from the Canada line M the Rio Grande,

the results should prove- most interesting is wen

as valuable. The nation Will be able to determineJust how great a resource It has \u25a0 its enowfalieach year, or how great a menace Is threatenmithe farmers in lower altitudes, where floods ar»

common. Th« flood menace will be. checked fsa»ually as reservoirs are constructed to catch \u25a0

runoff from the Rocky Mountain snows each sea-

ass but then the snow gauging statistics «ffl »valuable, showing, as they will,how much wfcl*»

added to the reservoirs through the winter's new-

fall. \u25a0

Bt Arthur Chapman.

WillGive Farmer* Floor! Warvingg

and Estimate Water Supply

for Irrigation,

WEATHER BUREAUESTAB-LISHES STATIONS.

TO MEASURE SNOWin THE ROCKIES

GERMAN WARSHIPS PRACTISING WITH THE NEW ILLUMINATINGSHELL.

German naval gunners have been experiment-ing with ?i new type of illuminating projectile,which shows up attacking destroyers and tor-pedo boats without the drawback of the electric Ilight radiztor, which, while revealing the enemy,at the same time gives away the position of th<sship upon which it is mounted. Beyond th<9momentary flash when the new projectile isfired, the whereabouts of the ship firirg it is not

indicated, while, by illuminating the attackingboats, it enables her gunners to direct their fire.The shell is filled with carbide of calcium, andon falling into the sea floats on the surface. Thewater rushing in through a special va've pro-duces acetylene gas. vhich bursts into flamesand gives a brilliant 3.000-candlepower light.The light burns for three hours, and disclosesany vessel within a considerable radius.

Th« r.rnphie

It was these money kings who, at the timeof the Franco-German crisis on the subject ofMorocco some four years ago, when Emperor

William virtually threw down the gauntlet to theFrench nation, prevented the outbreak of hos-tilities. Delcass*. who v.as then Minister ofForeign Affairs at Paris, was in favor of ac-cepting the challenge, of calling the Emperorsbluff and of resorting if necessary to warrather than to submit to the more or less mortl-

kings are the ones who really hold the keys tothe floor? of the Temple of Janus. The wealthof the universe— and by that T mean currentmoney, without reference to th* incalculablehoards concealed everywhere in India andthroughout the length and breadth of Asia, inharems, beneath th« soil of zennna gardens andin tombs

—may be said to be concentrated Inthe

hands of a relatively fow multi-millionaires andgreat financial dynasties. It is unnecessary toenumerate them here. Their names will occurto every newspaper reader. Possibly there arenot more than two dozen of them: at any rate,

of those who are able to dominate the monetarymarkets, to determine credit and to arrest orto loosen the outgo of gold.

Indeed, Ihave sometimes been tempted topoint out to my good friend Andrew Carnegiethat he would further the cause of peace farmore effectively if,instead of promoting peacecongresses composed of government delegatesand plenipotentiaries at The Hague, he were todevote his efforts to the organization of an In-ternational council of these two dozen moneykings, who. assembling periodically, would de-termine among themselves the measures to beadopted to avert war. Their concerted actionwould quickly bring a government quietly andeffectively to reason and stay It from embark-ing on any policy calculated to provoke a con-flict.

urge that whereas England Is now vastly su-

perior to Germany in naval strength. she «a~not be so two or three years hence. In Ge*'many, en the other hand, there are patriots

clamor for their government to take advantage

of the present complete disorganization of tna

British array and of the virtual chaos that pre-

vails In England's military affairs to begin *conflict for which the enemy may fee better pre-

pared in two or three years' time.These opinions, voiced by the German press.

are re-echoed far and wide, tending to excltapopular sentiment against England to a dan-

gerous degree. In fact, a favorite topic of dis-

cussion in Germany Is the capture of London W

a coup, possibly without a preliminary declara-

tion of war. and Itis pointed out that, withmeBritish metropolis In the hands of the invaders,

pretty well the whole vast British Empire wooia

be at the latter^ mercy. For London is not

merely the capital of the United Kingdom. t«

the administrative and. above all. the ecoaess^heart of the whole empire, besides beingInmat-

ters of finance and of trade the chief broke™*?and exchange mart and centre of the dvlUsea

and uncivilized world. England's financial

credit is at the present moment colossal—su-

perior probably to that of any other nation mthe world, save, perhaps, the United States.

But where would that credit be- with London,

Its headquarters, in the hands of a German •»'

emy? What is to be feared, then. In the P1***

ent situation Is not that England and Germ**Tmay deliberately and in cold blood declare «**

on each other, but that public feeling, perpetu-ally excited by demagogues and by their news-papers, will be led to some excess. som« out-rage, some public manifestation of hostility,

that the people on the other side of the NorthSea 'will find themselves compelled to resent-This, then, is the real danger of th« presentstate of affairs, and it is all the more grave

since itis impossible to foresee whan and whereItwilloccur or how It can be averted, tfconsn it

means wax. JIX-ATXACH*

When all this is taken Into consideration itwould seem that if these not merely captainsbut rulers of finance were to decide that theirInterests would be best served by peace, therewould be no war between England and Ger-many owing to the lack of money. It is diffi-cult, indeed, to see how anything but harmcould accrue to them from a conflict of thiskind, for it would Involve not only tremendouseconomic disturbance and ruin, but likewise theshrinkage of all values, from government bondsto stocks In financial, commercial and industrial

fying demands put forward by Germany. At

the last minute, however, the loading financiersof Paris, acting not only on their own initiative

but also at the Instigation of their associates

and partners in other capitals In Europe andin New York, Intervened, declared that there

should be no war and that rather than have aconflict Germany should be placated.

They impressed their views upon the Minister

of Finance, Senator Homier, whom they may be

said to have dominated throughout his long

tenure of office, and wore able to bring so muchpressure to bear upon his colleagues that Del-caese was jettisoned and the demands of theKaiser conceded. The comic papers at the timerepresented France as offering to Emperor Will-

iam the head of Delcass* on a charger to ap-

pease Ills wrath, and within twenty-four hoursafter his learning of the dismissal of this Frenchstatesman he promoted his Chancellor from therank of count to that of prince. Kut'whlle thissurrender of France was proclaimed as a vic-tory of Teuton diplomacy, the entire responsi-

bility of the affair belonged to "la haute fi-nance," which, by bringing irresistible pressureto bear upon the French government, hadforced it to yield to the pretensions of the Em-peror.

impressive Service* of Old World

Flavor Dating Back to First

Century of Christianity. ,

By M. W. Mount

How mar.y of US appreciate the sacrifice mad*lor us In the Crucifixion sufficiently to stand hi

Masses* devotion from Io'clock on Easter Eve•win; 4 o'clock on Easter morning beside the sym-

bolic tomb of our Lord? That is what worshippersin the Russian Cathedral In New York did li*>£night, for they keep the (Jay a w»ek later than we.

*-"Easter 1* celebrated In many tongues and many

pays In this city of amalgamated nations, but. no--ere with the Fame flawless beauty as in the

*35*Etern Church, whose gorgeous ceremonials and i

service date from the first century of Christianity;

\u2666 hone magnificent vestments repeat those of theJUph Priest of early times; whose liturgy 15 that of j:St. Chrysostom of the fourth century, and whose ;prcat canon, or penitential service, is that of St. i

John of Damascus. This service is held in the old .Slavonic tongue.

Before ? o'clock of Easter Eve. a week after ]the Easter of the American Church, the gilded Ori- jental domes of the Russian cathedral in East ?7th j

-FWet tapered to laneelike points of soft illur..in..- ;«ob against the sombre sky as beams of HaM from-the street shone upon them. within the church .aceembling forms moved la deep shadow, except lath» centre of the nave, where eieht great caudles j

•s3owed dimlybeside a bierllke aliar. draped with

j«serk velvet fringed and broidered with gold. On \«lhls rested the winding sheet on which lay the !,-£ of the Cruciaed One. draped with a pall of I

V -"-.k velvet and white satin embroidered end .•Zrineed with gold. I

A single moving taper faintly illumined an open j!^ible from which relays of readers. in sombre vest-

Vnenta. read sonorously from the Acts of the Apos-;tles. One by one men knelt three times before the i

jiiltar.each time touching the tesselat«d floor with

"their foreheads and crossing themselves as they |fcitree. Three times they kissed the effigy of Christ j—upon the pierced feet, the wounded side, the !

Ir.afl-pierced hands—

crossing themselves the while.'

•Then, to Illuminate the bier of Him they wor- jJrfclpped. they placed tapers in email holders around ,

hbo great central candles.'

i.'Three golden, tablelike candlesticks stood at the .ilrili]«nd foot of the temporary a'tar and two at ,Ithat side nearest the chancel steps. !;- Brighter irretc the Illumination. Azaleas and ;

{Hies bloomed out of the dusk Into form and coloraround the- winding sheet. Golden carvings abovethe screen doors across the chancel before thesanctuary iclcwed amid their flower and palm deco--rations. The sacred paintings upon the screens ',

trre-w into warmth an<3 beauty as the illumination j-t>ecaste more bright. Throngs pressed toward tiie.;t>ier, men upon the right, women upon the left,

one at a time, worshipping end placing candles in

:tha candlesticks. Each would cross himself, take j,**ipone or more candles, blow them out, lay themIn a box beneath the candlesticks, light tapers to

. replace those removed, cross himself and retire. j

THOUSANDS SURGE ABOUT DOORS. !; Inside the cathedral the sonorous roll of the read-er's voice rang through the gloom with a mournful

•cadence above the scarcely audible undertone of.;«naay hundreds of feet pressing toward that central-spot cf light. From without came that subduedroar which told of surging thousands about thedoors. The wide, bare floor was filled with a silent

' 'jbmltitadn, and still more pressed within until the

i'chancel began to fill. Over the shoulders of thethrong tapers were parsed from hand to hand to

those awaitls; them at the altar.Suddenly a light flashed from the top of the

dome to Its base, on down into the church, andfilled It with a momentary radiance. In that in-stant was symbolized the descent of the angelsto the tomb of Jesus. The light disclosed two sa-cred paintings, forming doors In golden frames, sur-mounted by a cross. In the right side of the church.-where was the priests' lonian; room. High in the-\u25a0hack cf the cathedral »\u25a0!« me choir gallery, he-•Heath which might be procured taper*, and where a"registry Is kept.

•'Midnight drew near. The great candles on either*ide the --ar doors and In front of each side altar

I nrcre. lighted. Men began placing tapers aroundI them, never passing before the altar doors, but re-

•tlrlEß belo-cr th« three chancel steps and coiningup again to reach the opposite candlestick. There

\ \u25a0»&s & soft ni^ufll* of myriad feet, a sway as at I\u25a0 dark sea. of heads beyond the effulgence from the1 Her. The flowers were taken away. Tic Sacri-

<sob, which htd been borne with solemn pomp in a- oeremocy called, the "Winding, on Good KrltSay, to\u25a0 the temporary altar la the midst of the nave, was•about to be removed. Men's voices in strain* ofJ solemn music filled the church, strains sweet and'-BS.&. Frcm the doors on the right the Archbishop

\u25a0 taav+6 fonr.-a.rd to th»- altar. Priests, clad In bohi-;fcrt* vestments. cam* down the chancel steps to meet.-klxn. siailng as they came. They robed him in his. cere a:or.i«Is end retired to the Ikonostasas behindjtii« screens. where might b* «een, above the cur-tained doors. Just a glimmer of lilies and of goldenicareless. Sweet harmonies were chanted In th»» -actuary and by the choir alternately, sometimes

1allthe voice* minglingIn eustalned beauty ofsound.»j>ennea±e£ \u25a0with, the undertone of sorrow which char-jccterlzes this penitentlaJ service.• Prom eld« doors in the sanctuary Archbishop,

ipriest aad deacons, robed Ingold and silver vest-metite, came down 'Kith censor, crucifix nnd ikons.

-tad during a. splendid ceremonial th» winding sh*et'.vns lifted to the heads of the Archbishop and priestTiad borne by them. accompanied by deacons.'\u2666hroxicli the opei. golden door* to the altar, upontwldcliItwas laid. The temporary altar, or bier,and

I^Sse great round candlesticks weie lifted by serversUta& curled \u25a0within the sid«) doors of the pan^tuary.;i;i»h la tl»« back this light streamed upon a fresco•represent the Apostles hastening to the tomb ofTjesue. A«-lndow illustrating the Resurrection was-

--.aatvtLaad In » giorv of light Christ appeared•t me door ci the tomb -with hand outstretched to

(bless. light filled the edifice It clewed upon'ohrlne* at each side of th« chancel and every

f»s.cred pax:el in the screen was crowned by a eep-;araie Illumination above the hanging lamp be-xsw it.

£ CANON OF ST. JOHN.s; A reran of triumph swells from chanting priests|Suid is caught up In sustained harmony by the:choir.i' •"Glory to the Holy Consubstantial Trinity," be-jf

-the prietts.--

"Cnrist is riser, from the dsad. bestowing life•from death.** continues the antlphon.

Three times the exquisite strains mount up from'*the sanctuary Three times do they echo In ewell-- tag tones from the choir.

IThus opens the Great Canon of St. John ofDamascus, -who** nine divisions are Intersected by-fa>tnns of beauty, by responsive exclamations—

I •onorout wave* of sound— the congregation,,«nd by.the ringing refrain from the choir. "Christ|«X» Risen."| r The anthem «• from Psalm 11. and that, and

\u25a0 the first theme song, or Irmos, are. in words and'-tnu?-ic. «xalted forms of th« "Christ Our Passover

! ItRisen for Us." wit* which we are all sc fa-• ni!liar.L* Hot an Instrument of any sort mars the tunefulf" t-ermon»«* of vclces, so attuned as to sound like a\iFinele note. The musical services begin with a[ deep, e«eet. resounding foundation or sound.\ *

throsga which the women's voices are only audiblet«»s something very sweet but scarce discerned.

The** and the tenors rise s.nd swell in greater!vsvoluine with each division of the canon and grand

Pontifical mass which follow?, until triumphant• alleluia* and bosanna* rise in a burst of melody.K#- At the close of each division of the service the;.#"SU-chhlshop blesses and offers incense, and all the

-choir end congregation t*kc part In singing this!~; S»i iiii The Archbishop also blesses every prayer[ teffered by the priest by folding his fingers in the

"rifß of a cross and holding: up him hand. WhenL it*Blesses the congregation, which be does i!\ the| ..aevera! services that occupy the night, ha holdsj two candlesticks, sometimes bound toe/ether with

;- crimsciL la one, the Dlkiri, are two lights, sjg-

MONEY KINGS THE ARBITERS.CVmnt Witte. the Russian plenipotentiary at

Portsmouth, was bailed at first on his return

from the United States as a statesman of won-derful cleverness, who by dint of diplomacy had

saved his country, though defeated, from the

payment of any war indemnity and from theloss of any territory. Yet to-day he is re-garded, both at home and abroad, as havinginjured rathtr than benefited his country by theterms which he secured at Portsmouth. Notonly Russia, but likewise the world at large,l;ns learned that the Japanese had at the timeof the Peace Congress on the New Hampshirecoast come to the very end of their financialtether, and were in consequence thereof quite In-capable of continuing the struggle; whereasRussia, which by that time had succeeded Inpouring almost a million soldiers ir.to Man-churia, was in a position to continue the strug-gle with all the odds in her favor, and to re-cover all the laurels of victory that she had lostup to that time. To-day, indeed, there is hardlya Russian who does not deplore the peace ofPortsmouth as an injury rather than an ad-vantage to Russian interests.

Since money is so indispensable to warwhich, as Ihave just shown, cannot be con-ducted without funds in profusion

—it will nat-

urally occur to thoughtful people that the money

tCopyriirht. IPO9. fey the BrentwooS Company 1

"Whenever Americans find a moment to spar*

from their consideration of the new tariff, which

is destined to affect every phase of life in the

United States, and turn their attention to for-

eign affairs the first question that occurs to

them is as to whether England and Germany

are going to war with each other, and If so.when Itis a question which furnishes a fertileand absorbing topic of discussion. This being

the case, the following points in connectiontherewith may be deemed worthy of considera-

tion:Accepting for a moment the hypothesis, so

general in the dominions of Kaiser, and in

those of his uncle. King Edward, that war is

Imminent, the very natural Inquiry occurs ar* to

whether there are really no means of averting

th» conflict. It Is perfectly true that in both

countries young people are being educated to

Hie belief that a conflict Of this kind is bound

to take place sooner or lat=r— the sooner the

better. In all rank? of the armies and navies

of th» two empires the same ideas prevail, and

the training and instruction which men and

officers receive and the preparations which

they are called on to make, are in view of th«

promised struggle. German and British news-

papers, too, even the most reputable andweighty organ?, such as "The Times** in London

and the Cologne "Gazette." on the other side

of th« Channel. ar- helping In their daily issues

to foment hostility between the two nation* by

incitingpopular sentiment one against theoth»r.

They seem to devote all their energies to th«

task of awakening dormant patriotism, an ob-

ject which would h» wholly commendable wereit not for th* fact that ith them patriotism

spells not pea<*. but war.

But war demands money on a colossal Scale—more so nowadays than ever. So enormous, in-

deed, is th" cost entailed by all th*> new methods

at defence and destruction that even the huge

nessim of gold hoarded by Germany. Austria.Italy. France, and even little Switzerland, andwithdrawn from circulation to serve as a wartreasure, would not suffice to defray more than

the preliminary expenses of mobilization Yet

the possession of sped* is Imperative, pine* th»

outbreak of war is calculated to affect. if notarrest, credit How potent is the role of moneyin war is strikingly shown hi th«- recent conflict

between Russia and Japan. The latter had de-feated Russia in every 1rattle, both on land and.- • sea, and was victorious all along the line.

Why, then, was she compelled to halt the on-

ward march of her armies and to submit to theImposition of a peace at Portsmouth whichrobbed her of almost all. Ifnot of the whole, of

the fruits of her military and naval successes?

It was because she had reached the end of hermoney and of her credit.

Ex-Attache Makes a Sug-

gestion to Safeguard

the Nations.

On the other hand. England, which has alwaysregarded not merely her wealth and her pros-perity but even her national existence as basedupon her maritime supremacy, is naturally pro-foundly alarmed at the extent to which the lat-ter is threatened by Germany. And there aremany in Great Britain who. holding these views,

insist both in speech and in print that It is amistake to allow Germany time to build theships planned in her naval programme, and thatitwould be much better to fight her now and tofrustrate her ambitions for maritime supremacy

before she had been able to realize them. They

[t i« this public sentiment which constitutesthe must dangerous factor In the present6"trained relations between <Jroat Britain andGermany. Its peril lies largely In the fact thatIt Is so unaccountable. There Is no knowing atwhat time Itwill burst forth, or what particular

fora the outbreak will take. That the Kaiser.his responsible ministers, the principal states-men and the leading captains of Industry, com-merce ami finance in his empire are anxious fora war with England nobody for one moment be-lieves. Hut there has been so much talk InEngland of the necessity of smashing the Teutonnavy before it Is permitted to attain proportionslarge enough to rival the British supremacy ofthe eeRS that both William and his people con-sider It necpssary to provide for the maritimedefences of the empire and to endow the latterwith S sufficient number of ships to admit ofGermany being able to hold her own wifh Eng-land in all questions relating to the sea. Thecreation of a big Germany navy rivalling Insize that of England Is not necessarily meant

for offence, but rather for defence of Teuton in-terests, and to enable the Berlin government tospeak with the same weight and authority Inmaritime affairs as its magnificent army en-ables it to do by land.

But If economic considerations are so influ-ential in preserving peace, and if th* kings of

finance are so powerful In the matter, how is

it that war can ever take place? *That is aquestion which will naturally occur after read-Ing th» above. The answer to this is that there

Is one agency so important as momentarily torel-gate even th» most weighty economic con-

siderations to th» background— namely, popular

sentiment. Public feeling, aroused sometimesthrough sheer mischievous recklessness, andsometimes by the secret manoeuvres of the

enemy, may force the hands of the government

and confront It with the alternative, of war

abroad or revolution at home. It was popular

sentiment that drove the Japanese government

to begin war upon Russia in 1904. and It was an

agency of the Fame kind that compelled CzarAlexander IIto embark in 1*77 upon a war withTurkey, for watch neither Vis treasury nor his

army was prepared, and in which the Initialstages resulted In disaster to Muscovite arms.Popular sentiment, insidiously excited in Paris.

It is said, by the "agents provacateurs" of Bis-marck, forced Napoleon 111 to proclaim waragainst Prussia and to invade German territory

on a pretext altogether frivolous—

namely, the

demand upon the court Of Berlin of a pledgethat Leopold of HohenaoUem. who had already

abandoned his candidacy for the throne ofSpain, would never under any circumstancesallow it to be put forward Again.

The streets of the French capital were filledWith an excited populace, shouting "To Berlin!To Berlin:'" and Napoleon was given to under-stand that unless he gave way to the people In

the matter, their wrath would be turned against

his government and against his dynasty, insteadof against Prussia. The haute finance can. asIhave shown above, control kings and govern-ments, but It cannot dominate popular senti-ment, and when the latter puts forward thealternative of war or revolution the. great moneykings actually choose war. since they have someexpectation of being able by means of theirpurses to keep the conflict within certainbounds, whereas there is no knowing, especially

in these modern times, where a revolution oncestarted will end.

eunlary loss to them, and one whloh they wouldbe unable to face with equanimity. An Ang!"-

German war would m*an not merely a shrink-age, but In many oases a total lott. Tens of

thousands of concerns would he wrecked beyond

repair, while some governments not directly

concerned In the struggle would he so affectedthereby as to find It impossible to fulfil theirfinancial obligations.

enterprises, thereby causing, a tremendous pc-

OTBWStOBK DAILY TRIBTXE. SUNDAY, AFML 18, 1*».

SNOW GAUGING STATION AT STEAMBOAT SPRINGS. COL.Showing type of box used by the government in this work.

nounced and the procession returns, singing, to thesanctuary. After the chalice and bread have been

blessed they are lifted from the wTnd'.ng sheet to

the altar, borne by Archbishop and priest separate-

ly outside the sanctuary and lifted up before the

people during a service of solemn yet jubilant song.

Allnight lons the service grows In ever changing

beauty The rnus!c rises In aspiring strains. The

. £