Other Invasive Insects

OrWhat Else do I Need to

Worry About?

Most insects are beneficial

pollinators predators and parasites

detritivoresfood!

Native vs. Invasive

• Trees have some resistance

• Predators and parasites• Populations often cycle• Example: spruce

budworm

• Trees often have no resistance

• Few or no effective natural enemies

• Populations keep on rising

Reasons why you are glad you live Downeast

Browntail Moth

Winter Moth

Pupates in soil May-Nov

• Hemlock• ~1/8” discrete white

woolly masses• Undersides of twigs• Base of needle

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

Photos: USFSPhoto: Maine Forest Service

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

Forest: Alfred, Arundel, Berwick, Biddeford, Kennebunk, Old Orchard Beach and Topsham (detection survey); Scarborough (trained volunteer). Planted (EHS+HWA): Mount Desert, Sedgewick

HWA Crawlers, Crawlers, Everywhere!

April - July• Abundant• Very Mobile• Nearly Invisible

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA)

• Chemical treatment – when high risk of human spread

• Biocontrol – best long-term solution. In areas protected from development.

• Outreach and public education.

Elongate Hemlock Scale

• First detected in ME in 2009

• Not quarantined – depend on public reporting

• Attacks fir and spruce as well

• Chemical control on planted trees to reduce spread to native forest

Maine Dept. Ag.

Two Invasives of Concern(not found here yet)

Brown Spruce Longhorned Beetle

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Longhorned beetle (Cerambycid)

New Find 2011

Maine Hosts: Spruce (fir, larch, pines)

Photos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management

Recognizing BSLB

Photos: CFIA (left), Jon Sweeney, bugwood.org (middle and right)

Round to D-shaped 1/8” exit holes

Resin Covered TrunksYellowing Foliage

Recognizing BSLB

Photos: Georgette Smith, bugwood.org

L-Shaped Pupal ChamberLarval Feeding Tunnels

Recognizing (what is not) BSLB

• Spruce Beetle– Native pest– Pitch tubes (not always)– Round exit holes

(smaller)

Questions?

Photo: Jon Sweeney, Natural Resources Canada, Bugwood.org

Emerald Ash Borer (EAB)

Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org

Bright metallic green -½ inch long

Emerald Ash Borer

- long and narrow- likely to be found near ash trees

Tiger Beetle

- broader- definite ‘shoulders’- often flies near ground(very fast)

Will our cold winters protect us from EAB?

Maine Hosts: White, Green, Brown Ash

White Green Brown

White Green

BrownPhotos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management

Crown Decline (top down)Troy Kimoto, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Bugwood.org

Epicormic Shoots

S-shaped Galleries

D-shaped exit holesPhoto: University of Wisconsin Entomology

Bark SplittingMichigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org

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Recognizing EAB

David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org

Jim Tresouthick, Village of Homewood, Bugwood.org

Impact• Hosts

– Attacks allall species of North American ash

– Kills allall of the trees it attacks

– Has killed 10’s of millions of trees since 2002

– Has the potential to wipe out ashin NA

Photo: Maine Department of Agriculture

The Enemy

• Killed tens of millions of trees since 2002

• Spread to 18 states and 2 provinces

• No effective natural enemies (yet)

• Little or no tree resistance

Emerald Ash Borer

One of the biggest problems…

No good method of monitoring for EAB

Purple Traps Trap Trees

Biosurveillance

So How Do We Monitor For EAB?

Public Education

Purple Sticky Traps

-Least sensitive-Most user friendly-Cheapest

2012 – 965 traps2013 – 852 traps

Trap trees

-fairly sensitive

-lots of work!

Volunteertrap-tree network

2013 – hope to involve state parks and MFS foresters

Biosurveillance

Cerceris fumipennis

-Native wasp

-Solitary ground-nester (in colonies)

-Non-stinging

-Provisions its nest with adult buprestids (metallic wood-boring beetles)

-Is capable of finding EAB at low levels

BIOSURVEILLANCE

Family: Crabronidae(hunting wasps)

Wasp colonies used for biosurveillance

Colonies not used

If we find an EAB infestation early…

• Smaller area infested, fewer beetles present• Much lower chance of inadvertent spread• Smaller quarantine• We have more management options• Management is much more effective

We found EAB!Now what???

• Delimiting survey (monitoring)• SLAM: SLow Ash Mortality (management of

EAB)• Biological control• Pesticide options

3 Parasitic Wasps

Spathius

Tetrastichus

Oobius

SLow Ash Mortality

• Delimiting survey• Remove large trees in infested area• Girdle trees to concentrate & remove EAB

• Can concentrate and reduce EAB popluation

Firewood