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Ottawa charter and Jakarta declaration
By: Dr.Kavita yadav 1st yr MPH Moderator:Dr N C
ASHOK HOD of Community
Medicine JSS Medical College &
Hospital
Plan of presentation
Health Alma–Ata declarationHealth promotionOttawa charter5 Key action areaJakarta declarationReferences
Health
Ability to lead a socially and economically productive life.
Operational: - A condition or quality of the human organism expressing the adequate functioning of the organism in given conditions , genetic or environmental.
Health for all
World health assembly ,May 1977Attainment by all the people of world by 2000AD
of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life
Alma –Ata declaration
1978 USSRConcept of primary health care.Based on principles of social equity , nation
wide coverage, self reliance, intersectoral co-ordination and people’s involvement in planning and implementation of health programmes in pursuit of common health goals.
Definition
Primary health care: essential health care based on practical scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in community through their full participation and at a cost that community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self determination.
Elements of primary health care
Education concerning prevailing health problems and methods of preventing and controlling them.
Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition.Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation.Maternal and child health care , including family
planningImmunization against major infectious disease.Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.Appropriate treatment of common disease and
injuries.Provision of essential drugs.
Health promotion
"Health promotion is the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. (American Journal of Health Promotion, 1989,3,3,5)
Term by: Henry E. Sigerist
Ottawa charter
The first International Conference on Health Promotion, meeting in Ottawa this 21st day of November 1986.
New definition of health promotion
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.
Basic strategies
Advocacy:- Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life.
Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it.
Enable
Enable :Health promotion focuses on achieving equity in health.
Includes a secure foundation in a supportive environment, access to information, life skills and opportunities for making healthy choices.
Must apply equally to women and men.
Mediate
Needs cooperation by governments, health and other social and economic sectors, ngo and voluntary organization, local authorities, industry and the media. People in all walks of life are involved as individuals, families and communities. Professional and social groups and health personnel have a major responsibility to mediate between differing interests in society for the pursuit of health.
Five key action areas
Build healthy public policiesCreate supportive environment Strengthen community action for healthDevelop personal skillsReorient health services
Build healthy public policy
Building healthy public policy:health promotion goes beyond health care.it puts health on agenda of policy makers in all sectors and all levels,directing them to be aware of health consequences of their decision and to accept their responsibility for health.
Contd.
Identifying the impact of policies on health
Influencing policy
Deciding where to spend the money
Create supportive environment
Systematic assessment of the health impact is essential and must be followed by action to ensure positive benefit to the health of the public.
Contd.
Identifying personal support networks and community services
Identifying sociocultural, physical, political and economic influences on health
Strengthen community action for health
Setting health prioritiesMaking decisions collaborativelyPlanning health promoting strategiesIdentifying and effectively using resourcesImplementing and evaluating strategies
Develop personal skills
Focuses on health promotion that supports personal and social development of the individual
It endeavours to empower the individual, increasing the option available to people, and this allows them to exercise more control over their own health and their environments
Contd.
Modifying Personal Behaviours Decision
making ,Communicating ,Assertiveness ,Time management ,Planning and problem solving
Gaining access to information and support Physical isolation ,Lack of financial aid to provide
health facilities and education programs , Poor literacy skills, Language barriers , Cultural barriers .
Reorient health services
The responsibility for health promotion in health services is shared among individuals, community groups, health professionals, health service institutions and governments. They must work together towards a health care system which contributes to the pursuit of health.
This requires changes in the attitude and organisation of health services and changes to professional education, training and research
Identifying and gaining access to the range of services available:
Health-care services includes hospitals, nursing homes, psychiatric hospitals, doctors’ surgeries, community health centers, women’s health centers, baby health centers, community health nurses who provide home care for the aged, disabled and terminally ill, community midwives who provide support and education for new mothers
Moving into the Future
Health is created and lived by people within the settings of their everyday life; where they learn, work, play and love. Health is created by caring for oneself and others, by being able to take decisions and have control over one's life circumstances, and by ensuring that the society one lives in creates conditions that allow the attainment of health by all its members.
Caring, holism and ecology are essential issues in developing strategies for health promotion. Therefore, those involved should take as a guiding principle that, in each phase of planning, implementation and evaluation of health promotion activities, women and men should become equal partners.
Health promotion emblem
.
Continuation
Adelaide, Australia, 1988 :healthy public policy
Sundsvall, Sweden, 1991 :supportive environments for health
Jakarta declaration
The Fourth International Conference on Health Promotion: New Players for a New Era - Leading Health Promotion into the 21st Century,
Jakarta, 21 to 25 July 1997
Contd .Peace, shelter, education, social security,
social relations, food, income, the empowerment of women, a stable eco-system,
sustainable resource use, social justice, respect for human rights, and equity.
Above all, poverty is greatest threat.
New challenges
Urbanization, an increase in the number of older people, high prevalence of chronic diseases, social, behavioural and biological changes, civil and domestic violence, New and re-emerging infectious diseases, transnational factors, wide access to media, environmental degradation.
New approach needed
People have to be at the centre of health promotion action and decision-making processes
Break through traditional boundaries within government sectors, between governmental and ngo, and between the
public and private sector.Combination of 5 strategies.
Promote social responsibility for health
Avoid harming the health of individualsProtect the environment and ensure
sustainable use of resourcesRestrict production and of trade harmful
goods and discourage unhealthy marketing practices
Safeguard both the citizen in the marketplace and the workplace
Increase investments for health development
Multisectoral approachGreater investment for health and
reorientation of existing investments, Should reflect the needs of particular groups
such as women, children, older people, and indigenous, poor and marginalized populations.
Consolidate and expand partnerships for health
Existing partnerships need to be strengthened and the potential for new partnerships must be explored.
Partnerships offer mutual benefit for health through the sharing of expertise, skills and resources. WHO guidelines should be adhered to.
Increase community capacity and empower the individual
Empowering community:practical education, leadership training, and access to resources.
Empowering individuals :demands more consistent, reliable access to the decision-making process and the skills and knowledge essential to effect change.
Social, cultural and spiritual resources need to be harnessed in innovative ways.
Secure an infrastructure for health promotion
New mechanisms for funding it locally, nationally and globally must be found. Incentives should be developed to influence the actions of governments, nongovernmental organizations, educational institutions and the private sector to make sure that resource mobilization for health promotion is maximized.
Logo
Modified to reflect culture and atmosphere of the host country of the conference,
Follow up
Mexico 2000Bangkok 2005Nairobi 2009Helsinki 2013,june 10-14Impact Assessment as a tool for implementing
HIAP ( HEALTH IN ALL POLICIES)Health promotion and urban planningLocal government as a key player in
implementation of HIAPInnovating financing for health promotion
IUHPE
Globally collaborative network,working to promote health worldwide & contribute to achievement of equity in health between & within countries.
It decentralizes its activity through regional offices &works in close co-opertaion with WHO,UNESCO,UNICEF & other major organizations to influence & facilitate the development of health promotion strategies & project.
References
Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,22nd
edition
http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/jakarta/declaration/en/index1.html.
www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_Charter_for_Health_Promotion www.naspa.org/2012_Chicago_Hdts_1(1).pdf www.boredofstudies.org/.../The_Five_Action_Areas_of_the_Ottawa_Charter_
www.hsc.csu.edu.au/pdhpe/core1/focus/focus1.../health_pri1_4_1_4.htm
a href="http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages
Thank you