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Ottawa Mandarin SchoolAdult Class 2011-12
Week 02: September 23, 2011Instructor: Daniel C. Lee
Vowels, mother of rhymes 韻母
Plans
1. Review of Tones• Activity
2. Vowels sorted by pinyin• Tone activities for each a, e, i , o, u• Vowel activity
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Activity 2.1 Passtones
1. Divide the class in group of 4-5 students.2. A series of passwords (passtones) is given to the
first person of the group.3. The passtone is passed down through by mouth. If
you are not sure about what you hear, ask for a repeat or even a “review” of the person before the person before you.
4. The last student of the chain writes down the passtones in number (e.g. 1-2-3-4)
5. The group with the most correct passtones wins!3
Vowels• Zhuyin ( 注音符號 ), currently used in Taiwan,
lists 16 vowels in Mandarin.
ㄚ ㄛ ㄜ ㄝ ㄞ ㄟ ㄠ ㄡ ㄢ ㄣ ㄤ ㄥ ㄦ ㄧ ㄨ ㄩ
• Pinyin ( 漢語拼音 ), currently used in Mainland China (and Taiwan), is NOT exactly equivalent to Zhuyin.
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A-Pinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples
a ㄚ aah 啊 ah 啦 la
ai ㄞ Letter [I] 愛 love 矮 short
ao ㄠ [Ou]ch 包 bun 跑 run
an ㄢ aan 安 safe 慢 slow
ang ㄤ aang 忙 busy 方 sqaure
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Drillsfor each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones
• (ㄚ ) -a1, -a2, -a3, -a4• (ㄞ ) -ai1, -ai2, -ai3, -ai4• (ㄠ ) -ao1, -ao2, -ao3, -ao4• (ㄢ ) -an1, -an2, -an3, -an4• (ㄤ ) -ang1, -ang2, -ang3, -ang4
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Activity 2.2 Tone calling (a)
1. (same group as before) Adapt a tone (1, 2, 3, 4).2. Hold your tone on a piece of paper.3. The instructor reads one of the vowels on the
previous page. When your tone is called, stand up and hold your tone!
4. The first group to provide the correct answer gets one point!
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E-Pinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples
e ㄜ [a]bout 餓 hungry 鵝 goose
*e ㄝ T[e]stAlways follows “i or u” 鐵 iron
ei ㄟ Letter [A] 北 north 美 beautiful
en ㄣ [a]bout + n 笨 stupid 恩 grace
eng ㄥ [a]bout + ng 等wait 能 can
er ㄦ Letter [R] 二 two 兒 son8
Drillsfor each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones
• (ㄜ ) -e1, -e2, -e3, -e4• (ㄟ ) -ei1, -ei2, -ei3, -ei4• (ㄣ ) -en1, -en2, -en3, -en4• (ㄥ ) -eng1, -eng2, -eng3, -eng4• (ㄦ ) -er1, -er2, -er3, -er4
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Activity 2.2 Tone calling (e)
1. (same group) adapt a DIFFERENT tone (1, 2, 3, 4).2. Same rules!
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Note:As letter “E”, in the absence of consonants, “y”
is added in front of “i” to make “yi”.11
I-Pinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples
i ㄧ Letter [E] 一 one 低 low
i deleted No equivalent! 四 four 字word
only if following:ㄗ (z)ㄘ (c)ㄙ (s)
Drillsfor each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones
• (ㄧ ) -i1, -i2, -i3, -i4• (ㄧ ) yi1, yi2, yi3, yi4
• ( ㄧㄚ ) -ia1, -ia2, -ia3, -ia4• ( ㄧㄝ ) -ie1, -ie2, -ie3, -ie4• ( ㄧㄤ ) -iang1, -iang2, -iang3, iang4• ( ㄧㄥ ) -ing1, -ing2, -ing3, -ing4
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Activity 2.2 Tone calling (i)
1. (same group) adapt a DIFFERENT tone (1, 2, 3, 4).2. Same rules!
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O-Pinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples
o ㄛ [a]ll 喔 oh 摸 touch
ou ㄡ Letter [O] 都 all 偷 steal
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Drillsfor each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones
• (ㄛ ) -o1, -o2, -o3, -o4• (ㄡ ) -ou1, -ou2, -ou3, -ou4
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Note:• O is [a]ll, not letter O!• OU is letter O, not y[ou]!
Activity 2.2 Tone calling (o)
1. (same group) adapt a DIFFERENT tone (1, 2, 3, 4).2. Same rules!
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U-Pinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples
u ㄨ R[oo]t 五 correct 主 host
u(ü/v) ㄩ No equivalent! 雨 rain 女 female
ui ㄨㄟ Wei 對 correct會 is able to
喂 hey (2nd tone)
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Note:In the absence of consonants, “w” is added in front of u.Ui is [wei], not [we] !!
ㄨ (u) vs. ㄩ (u or ü or v)• The confusion ofㄨ /ㄩ is a weakness of
pinyin, which is limited by the number of Roman alphabets.
• Some consonants can be followed only by one of them (e.g. “y” is only followed by ㄩ ).
• Some can be followed by both. In such cases, use ü or v to represent ㄩ .
• However, if there is no chance for confusion, other ㄩ stay as u, not ü.
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Drillsfor each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones
• (ㄨ ) -u1, -u2, -u3, -u4• (ㄩ ) -ü/u1, -ü/u2, -ü/u3, -ü/u4
• ( ㄨㄚ ) -ua1, -ua2, -ua3, -ua4• * ( ㄩㄝ ) -ue1, -ue2, -ue3, -ue4• ( ㄨㄟ ) -ui1, -ui2, -ui3, -ui4• ( ㄨㄛ ) -uo1, -uo2, -uo3, -uo4
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Activity 2.2 Tone calling (u)
1. (same group) adapt a DIFFERENT tone (1, 2, 3, 4).2. Same rules!
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Pinyin vowels
21
a- e- i(y)- o- u(w)-nothing a (ㄚ ) e (ㄜ ) i (ㄧ ) o (ㄛ ) u (ㄨ ,
ㄩ )-a ia ( ㄧㄚ ) ua ( ㄨ
ㄚ ) -e ie ( ㄧㄝ ) ue ( ㄩ
ㄝ )-i ai (ㄞ ) ei (ㄟ ) ui ( ㄨㄟ )
-o ao (ㄠ ) uo ( ㄨㄛ )
-u iu ( ㄧㄡ ) ou (ㄡ )
-n an (ㄢ ) en (ㄣ ) in ( ㄧㄣ )
- ng ang (ㄤ ) eng (ㄥ ) ing( ㄧㄥ )
ong( ㄨㄥ )
- r er (ㄦ )
-iu ( ㄧㄡ ) , -ui ( ㄨㄟ )
• Both cause massive confusion even for native speakers
• ( ㄧㄡ ) -iu is i-ou (as in YO-YO), not letter [U]• ( ㄨㄟ ) -ui is [wei], not [we]• Practice
-iu1, -iu2, -iu3, -iu4-ui1, -ui2, -ui3, -ui4
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Activity 2.3 Vowel Calling
• (Same groups of 4 or 5) each student adapts a Roman alphabet (a, e, i, o, u).
• Take your vowel on a piece of paper.• A word is given by the instructor. If the pinyin
of this word contains your alphabet (doesn’t matter the order), stand up.
• The first group to get the correct answer gets the point!
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Homework
• Practice all 4 tones of the vowel combos (slide 21) once per day!
• Quiz next week
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