Ottoman Empire, Qing

Empire, and Japan

Era of Changes

1750 to 1900

Ottoman Empire & Qing Empire –

the turbulent 19th century

Ottoman Expansion 1300 - 1600

Nationalist revolutions &

European advances led to the

Ottoman Empire losing territory

EX. Independence in the Balkans

Semi-Independence in North Africa

Later British influence in Egypt

The Decline of Ottoman Rule

The Empire became known as "the sick man of Europe” by Europeans.

The Sultanate has to be destroyed.

Religion and State have to be separated from one another.

We have to turn away from the eastern civilizations and turn to the

western ones.

We have to do away with the distinctions between men and women

and thereby found new social rules.

We have to find an alphabet based upon the Latin script, and

we have to focus ourselves towards the West in every respect, even

as far as our clothes are concerned." Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

MANCHU CHINA – the QING

DYNASTY (the last dynasty of China)

Qing China produced more goods and held onto

a favorable trade balance into the late 1700s.

THE OPIUM WARS

Chinese Rulers sing-along

-to the tune of “Frere Jacques”?

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Sui, Tang, Song

Sui, Tang, Song

Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic

Then comes Revolution

Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong

Empires that didn’t strike back!

Qing Dynasty of China (1644 – 1911)

The end of a 4000 years of dynastic cycles.

Ottoman Empire (1300 – 1918)

600 year old powerhouse fell.

Empires that didn’t strike back!

CHANGES

• Economy weakened

• Political Rebellions

• European pressure / takeover

• Social Class changes

CAUSES

In both Qing China & the Ottoman Empire:

• the government resisted economic change & attempted to maintain pre-industrial forms of economic production

• the leadership underestimated the growing power of the European nations

A Brief Look at Japan in the 1800s

to 1900s

Do you remember?

Under the Tokugawa Emperor, the Japanese shoguns had chosen a policy of isolationism in the early 1600s.

Foreigners were prohibited to enter Japan and the Japanese were “prohibited” from leaving.

Outside powers threatened Japan

After the Opium Wars & a growing presence of European and U.S. warships (1850s) Japanese leaders “decided” to sign trade treaties and open Japan to outsiders.

Japan was now open

to outside influences.

Japanese Perception of the

“Black Ships”

Tokugawa rulers lose. . .

Shogun’s spinelessness triggered a

civil war

1868-group of young samurai take

over and restore 15 year old emperor-

Meiji period.

1st step-national unity

1860s - 1900s

Japan transformed itself into a

major industrial and military power

The Meiji Government

The emperor was

the “figurehead” of

the government

while power was

held by landowners

and businessmen

in congress & in

the military

(oligarchy).

Meiji Japan adapts

Western ideas

Japanese were sent

on study tours of

Europe. Europeans &

Americans were

hired to help

transform Japan.

In Japan a new

education system

was set up

Meiji Japan transforms itself

Government built a modern army & navy

FROM THIS . . .

TO

THIS.

JAPAN transformed

Rapid industrialization took place (with a mix of government & private ownership).

Railroads were built and urban areas became more “modern”

Feminism and Christianity make little progress

Japanese Imperialism

Japan gained control of Korea.

Japan defeated China to take control

of Taiwan (1894)

Japan defeated Russia to take control

of Manchuria (1905).

Japanese

Imperialism

1860-1914

JAPAN TRANSFORMED~

CHANGES-

• New dynasty – Meiji Period began

• From a Closed economy to Industrial Power

• From Traditional to Modern –Culture, Economy, Military

• Isolated nation-state to Imperial Power

CAUSES

• Outside pressure

• Japanese leadership decided to change – use the West as a model

Which of the following statements best describes the main message of this cartoon?

A. Russia was bigger than Japan

B. Japan defeated Russia in a struggle for control of parts of East Asia

C. In WWI, Japan’s military was better than the Russian military

D. France supported Japan in its battles against Russia over territory in Manchuria