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DELHI LOCAL OFFICES

SYLLABUSSCIENCE (CLASS - VI)

Questions Key Concepts Resources Activities/Processes

1. Food (Periods - 20)

Sources of food

What are the various sources of our food? What do other animals eat?

Plant parts and animal products as sources of food; herbivores, carnivores, omnivores.

Examples of food f rom different parts of plants and of food from animals sources.

Germination of seeds such as moong, chick pea etc.; preparing a chart on food habits of animals and food culture of different regions of India.

Components of food

What is our food made up of? Why do we eat a variety of food?

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins,

sources and significance for human health; balanced diet; diseases and disabilities due to

Mid Day Meal; Charts, pictures/films of children suffering from food deficiencies and disabilities.

Studying the variety of food in different regions in India; preparing a menu of balanced diet in the context of the diversity of foods eaten in different parts of the country. Classifying foods according to food components; test for starch, sugars, proteins and fats.

Cleaning food

How do we separate the grains after harvesting the wheat /rice crop?

Threshing, winnowing, hand Talking to some elders about practices after harvesting the crop; kit materials.

Discussion on threshing, winnowing, handpicking; experiments on sedimentation,

2. Materials (Periods - 26)

Materials of daily use

What are our clothes made o f ? How d id peop le manage when there were no clothes?

Di f fe rent types o f c lo th materials – cotton, wool, silk and synthetics. Development of clothing materials.

Sharing of prior knowledge with parents and community. Archaeological and historical accounts.

Whole class discussion. Simple activities to distinguish among different types of cloth.

Are some of our clothes made of materials obtained from plants? In what kinds of places do these plants grow? Which parts of the plants are used for making clothes?

jute; production of cotton, jute and other locally available plant

plants.

Sharing of prior knowledge with parents and community.

Whole class discussion. Field survey/ collecting

(coconut, silk cotton, etc.)

Different kinds of materials

What kinds of things do we see around us?

Grouping things on the basis of common properties.

Materials, kit items. Collecting and grouping things on the basis of gross properties e.g. roughness, lustre,

prior knowledge, through experiments.

How things change/react with one another

In what ways do things change on being heated? Do they change back on being cooled? Why does a burning candle get shorter?

Some changes can be reversed and others cannot be reversed.

Prior knowledge, kit items. Experiments involving heating of air, wax, paper, metal, water to highlight effects like burning, expansion/compression, change of state. Discussion on other changes which cannot be reversed – growing up, opening of a bud, ripening of fruit, curdling of milk.

How much salt can be dissolved in a cup of water?

Solubility, saturated solutions. Amount of substance dissolving varies with temperature. At the same temperature amounts of different substances that dissolve varies.

Salt, sugar and other common substances, kit items.

Experiments for testing the solubility of commonly available substances. Experiments on the effect of heating and cooling on solubility. Comparison of solubilities of different substances using nonstandard units (e.g. spoon, paper cone).

Questions Key Concepts Resources Activities/Processes

3. The World of the Living (Periods - 36)

Things around us

Are al l things around us l iving? What is the difference between living and non-living? Are all living things similar? Do all living things move?

Where do plants and animals live? Can we grow plants in the dark?

Living/non-living characteristics; habitat; biotic, abiotic (light,

Recol lection of diversity of living organisms and the habitat where they live.

Listing of things around us, l isting of characteristics after making observations say on size, colour, shape etc., categorisation; observations on habitat; observing germin-ation of seeds, also observing under dark conditions; growth and development of domestic animals, hatching of birds’ eggs etc., developing drawing skills.

The habitat of the living

How does habitat affect plants and animals? How mountains etc. – plants and

animals show adaptation; other plant part modifications like tendrils, thorns etc. Animals in deserts and water.

Potted plants or seeds, pots, etc; thermometer, any water plants, any xerophytic plants, Information on desert and

Listing the diverse set of living organisms around us; prepare herbarium specimens of

in plants and animals; observing how different environmental factors (water availability, temperature) affect living organisms;

Plants - form and function

What is the structure and function of various parts of the plants - stem, leaf and roots? How do different flowers differ from one another? How does one

Morphological structure and function of root, stem and

differences.

Plants, flowers, blade, hand lens.

Studying plant parts – types of stems, roots, leaves, seeds; experiment to show conduction by stem, activity to show anchorage by roots, absorption by roots.

parts, names of parts, cutting sections of ovary to observe ovules.

Animals - form and function

What is inside our bodies? How do animals move? Do all animals have bones in their bodies? How do

What about snakes, snails, earthworms?

Structure and functions of the animal body; Human skeletal system, some other animals e.g.

Observation of nature; model of skeleton, X-rays of arms or legs, chest, hips, jaws, vertebral column (could be given in the textbook).

Activities to study X-rays, find out the direction in which joints bend, feel the ribs, backbone etc. Observation/ discussion on movement and skeletal system in other animals.

4. Moving Things, People and Ideas

(Periods - 12)

Moving

How did people travel from one place to another in earlier times? How did they know how far they had travelled?

How do we know that something is moving? How do we know how far it has moved?

Need to measure distance (length). Measurement of length. Motion as change in position with time.

E v e r y d a y e x p e r i e n c e ;

measure length. Stories for developing contexts for measuring distances.

Measuring lengths and distances. Observation of different types of moving objects on land, in air, water and space.

types of motion. Demonstrating objects having more than one type of movement (screw motion, bicycle wheel, fan, top etc.) Observing the periodic motion in hands of a clock / watch, sun, moon, earth.

5. How things work (Periods - 28)

Electr ic current and circuits

How does a torch work? Electric current: Electric circuit (current flows only when a cell and other components are connected in an unbroken loop)

Torch: cell, bulb or led, wires, key.

Activity using a bulb, cell and key and

and identify closed and open circuits. Making a switch. Opening up a dry cell.

Do all materials allow current to flow through them?

Conductor, Insulator. Mica, paper, rubber, plastic, wood, glass metal clip, water, pencil (graphite), etc.

Experiment to show that some objects

(insulators) do not.

Questions Key Concepts Resources Activities/Processes Magnets What is a magnet? Magnet. Magnet, iron pieces. Demonstrating how things are attracted

magnetic/ non-magnetic classes. Where on a magnet do

things stick?Poles of a magnet.

paper.Activity to locate poles of a magnet; activity

How is a magnet used to A freely suspended magnet always aligns in a particular direction. North and South poles.

Bar magnet, stand, thread, compass.

Activities with suspended bar magnet and with compass needle.

How do two magnets behave when brought close to each other?

Like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other.

Two bar magnets, thread, stand.

Activities to show that like poles repel and unlike poles attract.

6. Natural Phenomena (Periods - 26) Rain, thunder and lightning Where does rain come

from? How do clouds form?

Evaporation and condensation, water in different states. Water cycle.

Everyday experience; kit items. Condensation on outside of a glass containing cold water; activity of boiling water and condensation of steam on a spoon. Simple model of water cycle. Discussion on three states of water.

Light Which are the things we

can see through? rials in terms of transparent, Previous experience, candle/torch/lamp, white paper, cardboard box, black paper.

Discussion, observation; looking across different materials at a source of light.

When a r e s h adows formed? Do you get a shadow at night – when there is no light in the room, no moonlight or other source of light? What colour is a shadow?

A shadow is formed only when there is a source of light and

a source it. A shadow is black irrespective of the colour of the object.

Chi ld ’s own experience, candle/torch/lamp, white paper, black paper, coloured objects.

Discussion; observing shadow formation of various objects of different shapes, and of same shape and different colours; playing and forming shadows with the hands in sunlight, in candle light, and in a well lit region during daytime; making a pinhole camera and observing static and moving objects.

On what kinds of surfaces can we see images? different from shadows.

Experience, objects with polished surfaces, mirror etc.

Observing differences between the image and the shadow of the same object.

7. Natural Resources Importance of water What will happen to soil,

people, domestic animals, rivers, ponds and plants and animals if it does not rain this year?

What will happen to soil, people, domestic animals, plants and animals living in rivers and ponds, if it rains heavily?

I m p o r t a n c e o f w a t e r , dependence of the living on water.

Exper ience , newspaper reports.

Estimation of water used by a family in one day, one month, one year. Difference between need and availability. Discussion.

excess water conditions.

Importance of air Why do earthworms come

out of the soil when it rains?

Some animals and plants live in water; some live on land and some live in upper layers of soil; but all need air to breath/to respire.

Experience. Discussion.

Waste Do you throw away fruit

and vegetable peels and cuttings? Can these be reused? If we dump them anywhere, will it harm the surroundings? What if we throw them in plastic bags?

Waste; recycl ing of waste products; things that rot and things that don’t. Rotting is supported by animals/animal and plant products.

Observation and experience. Survey of sol id waste generation by households; estimation of waste accumulated (by a house/ village/colony etc.) in a day, in a year; discussion on ‘what is waste’; Activity to show that materials rot in soil, this is affected by wrapping in plastics.

1

CHAPTER IN A NUTSHELL

All living organisms need food.Living organisms need food for:

l growth l energy l replacement and repair of damaged body parts l protection against diseases

Many different types of food materials are present in nature.Food materials can be made of one, two or many ingredients.Plants are the main source of food.Food is also obtained from animals.Almost all plant parts are edible.

Adequately cooked food is easily consumed and digested by our body.Sprouted seeds are rich in many nutrients.Based on food habits, animals can be divided into three categories:

l Herbivores: Animals which eat only plants are called herbivores or herbivorous animals. l Carnivores:

animals. l Omnivores:

or omnivorous animals.Human beings are omnivores.

IMPORTANT TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Organisms: All living beings such as bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, human beings, etc., are called organisms.Food: Substances from which a living organism gets nutrients for growth, repair and replacement of damaged body parts, protection against diseases and which provide energy constitute food. Edible: Sprouts: When seeds are kept moist for a day or two, they germinate and small baby plants grow out of them. These germinated seeds are called sprouts.

1Unit: Food

CONCEPTS 1.1 Food Variety1.2 Food Materials and Sources1.3 Plant Parts and Animal Products as Food1.4 What Do Animals Eat?

Food: Where Does It Come From?

MBD Super Refresher Science - VI2

Autotrophs: Living organisms which produce their own food are called autotrophs.Heterotrophs: Living organisms which depend on other organisms for food are called heterotrophs.

1.1 Food Variety

We eat different kinds of food at different times of the day. The different kinds of food items that we eat, constitute what is called food variety. According to their taste, habits, life style and availability of food items, different people eat different kinds of food. A particular food item served as part of a meal is called a dish. The food items or substances, which are combined to make a dish are called ingredients. For example, raw rice and water are the ingredients required for preparing boiled rice, but to prepare vegetable curry, we need ingredients such as vegetables, spices, oil, salt, water, etc.

NCERT Activity 1 – Page 1Aim: To prepare a list of food items eaten by various students / friends in a dayProcedure: Write names of students/friends in column-I and food items eaten in a day by them in column-II.

Names of Students/Friends Food items eaten in a day‘P’ Bread, butter, chapatti sambhar, vada‘Q’ Rice, sambhar, dosa, sandwich, coffee, idli, bread, jam, milk, mutton,

chapattichapatti, mutton, idli, sambhar

Conclusion: Different people eat different food items at different times of the day.

Activity 2 – Page 1Aim: To understand that different food items are prepared with different ingredientsProcedure: Observe the cooking process and write names of ingredients used in preparing various food items.

Food Items IngredientsRice Raw rice, waterChapattiDal Raw pulses, water, turmeric, salt, spicesOmelette Eggs, salt, spices, oilVegetable curry Vegetables, spices, water, saltMutton Curry Raw meat, oil/ghee, water, spicesIdli Rice, urad dal, water, salt

Conclusion:

Objective Type Questions 1 mark each

A. State whether the following statements are true or false. 1. Food is required for the proper growth and development of our body.2. Over cooking makes food more nutritious.Answers: 1. True 2. False

Food: Where Does It Come From? 3

B. Multiple Choice Questions. 1. Vegetarians eat ________. a) Plants and plant based products b) Meat c) Fish d) Eggs2. The food items or substances, which are combined to make a dish, are called ________. a) Spices b) Raw material c) Ingredients d) None of theseAnswers: 1. a) Plant parts and plant based products 2. c) Ingredients

C. Fill in the blanks.1. The food consumed at a particular time of the day constitutes a ________.2. Cooking makes food items soft and easily ________.Answers: 1. Meal 2. Digestible

Short Answer Type Questions 2–3 marks each

A. State the main functions of food.The main functions of food are:1. It provides energy for various activities. 2. It helps the body to grow and replace worn out tissues.

B. Why do different people eat different types of food?Different people eat different types of food because they have different preferences, habits, lifestyles, etc. It is also due to their different geographical location and the availability of food items in these locations.

C. Differentiate between vegetarian and non-vegetarian food habits.Human beings who eat only plant parts, milk and milk products are called vegetarians and those who eat both plant parts as well as animal products are called non-vegetarians.

D. What are the various modes of cooking that does not require water?Frying, baking, grilling and roasting do not require water.

1.2 Food Materials and Sources

Plant parts and animal products are the main sources of food. Food materials like cereals, pulses, oil, vegetables, .

NCERT Activity 3 – Page 2Aim: To understand that food materials from many different sources are used for preparing a single dish

Food Ingredients of food Sources of ingredients Idli Raw Rice Plant Urad dal Plant Water City water supply Chicken Curry Chicken Animal Spices Plant Oil/ghee Plant/animal Water City water supply Kheer Milk Animal Rice Plant Sugar Plant Dry fruits Plant

Conclusion: Plants and animals are the sources of food materials used for preparing a dish.

MBD Super Refresher Science - VI4

Objective Type Questions 1 mark eachA. State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Cocoa is obtained from the tea plant.2. The parts of a plant that can be eaten are known as edible parts.3. The main sources of food are plant parts and animal products.Answers: 1. False 2. True 3. True

B. Multiple Choice Questions.1. Millet is an example of a ________. a) Cereal b) Pulse c) Spice d) Nut2. Which of these food items is not obtained from animals? a) Milk b) Meat c) Eggs d) Sugar3. Things which we can eat are called ________. a) Eatable b) Edible c) Consumed d) All of theseAnswers: 1. a) Cereal 2. d) Sugar 3. b) Edible

Short Answer Type Questions 2–3 marks eachA. Name few food materials obtained from animals.

B. Name a few food materials obtained from plants.Cereals such as wheat and rice are obtained from plants and constitute the main part of our diet. A variety of pulses like arhar and moong are obtained from plants. Sugar, beverages and spices like turmeric are also obtained from plants.

C. Name two beverages and the plants from which they are obtained.Tea and coffee are the two most popular beverages all across the world. Tea is obtained from the leaves of the tea plant and coffee is prepared from the beans of the coffee plant.

Long Answer Type Questions 5 marks each

A. What are the various types of food itmes obtained from plants? The various types of food items obtained from plants are: Cereals: They make up the major portion of our diet and are rich in carbohydrates. Rice, maize and

wheat are examples of cereals. Pulses: They are very nutritious and rich in proteins, for example, chana, arhar and rajma. Vegetables: They are the edible parts of plants and play a vital role in our diet. They are rich in

vitamins and minerals. Examples of vegetables are cabbage, carrot, tomato, etc. They also provide roughage.

Fruits: They are the most delicious and nutritious part of a plant. They are sweet and juicy. Apples, mangoes and bananas are all fruits. They also provide roughage.

Oil: Seeds of plants such as coconut, mustard and groundnut are used for making vegetable oil. Spices:

cinnamon. Sugar: Sugar is mainly manufactured from sugarcane and beetroot. Beverages: Tea and coffee are also obtained from plants.

Food: Where Does It Come From? 5

1.3 Plant Parts and Animal Products as Food

Almost all parts of plants are used as food.Roots: Roots of plants like carrot, radish, sweet potato, beat, turnip, etc., are used as food.Stems: Potato, onion, ginger, garlic, turmeric are stems and are used as food.Leaves: Spinach, cabbage, lettuce are leaves of plants and are used as food.Flowers: etc., are used as food.Fruits: Mango, apple, guava, orange, peach, banana, etc., are fruits, which we eat as food.Seeds: Seeds of many plants are eaten by us as food. For example, rice, wheat, maize, millet, gram, peas and pulses are seeds of plants, which we eat as food. Mustard, groundnut and soybean are oilseeds.We obtain food materials from animals too. Milk is an important animal product used by us as food. Ghee, butter, cheese, curd, etc., are milk products, which we use as food. Other animal products used by

Honey is produced enzymes and is eaten as food.

NCERT Activity 4 – Page 3Aim: To identify plant parts that are ingredients of food items we eat

Food Ingredients Source Plant PartBrinjal curry Brinjal Plant Fruits Spices Plant Seeds/leaves/fruits Idli Rice Plant Seeds Urad dal Plant SeedsKheer Rice Plant Seeds Sugar Plant Stems Dry fruits Plant Fruits/seedsVegetable Pulao Rice Plant Seeds Peas Plant Seeds Spices Plant Seeds/leaves/fruits

Conclusion: All parts of plants are used as food.

Activity 5 – Page 4Aim: To sprout seedsProcedure:

1. Soak a small quantity of moong or gram seeds in water overnight.2. Next day, drain the water and wrap moong/gram seeds in a wet muslin cloth.3. Leave them for at least 24 hours.4. Observe the seeds after 24 hours.

Observation: Small, white, thread-like structures have grown out of the seeds.Conclusion: The small, white structures are baby plants. The seeds thus germinated are called sprouts.

Objective Type Questions 1 mark each

A. State whether the following statements are true or false.1. Fruits are also known as protective food.2. Nuts are not very rich in proteins.

MBD Super Refresher Science - VI6

4. Sprouted pulses are more nutritious.

5. Worker bees lay eggs.

Answers: 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False 6. True

B. Multiple Choice Questions.

a) Potato b) Carrot c) Onion d) Ginger

2. Which type of honeybee lays eggs? a) Male bee b) Worker bee c) Queen bee d) None of these

3. Plants make their own food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll using water and ________. a) Carbon dioxide b) Oxygen c) Nitrogen d) Carbon monoxide

4. Which of the following is not a milk product? a) Curd b) Cheese c) Butter d) Cake

5. Which part of the sugarcane plant is used for making sugar? a) Roots b) Stem c) Leaves d) Flowers

6. Two underground roots that are utilised as food are ________. a) Potato, onion b) Carrot, radish c) Onion, ginger d) Ginger, sweet potato7. ______ and ________ are obtained from chickens. a) Milk, eggs b) Wool, eggs c) Milk, wool d) Eggs, meat

8. We eat leaves of which of the following plants? a) Tomato b) Potato c) Brinjal d) Spinach9. Which of the following is not a nut? a) Almond b) Cashewnut c) Mustard d) Groundnut

Answers: 1. a) Potato 2. c) Queen bee 3. a) Carbon dioxide 4. d) Cake 5. b) Stem 6. b) Carrot, radish 7. d) Eggs, meat 8. d) Spinach 9. c) Mustard

C. Fill in the blanks.1. Gram and pigeon peas are _________ rich foods.

2. Rearing of ________ on a large scale is called pisciculture.3. Birds which lay eggs are known as _________ animals.4. Beetroot and sugarcane are ________ producing plants.

_______ properties.

6. Cereals are a rich source of ________.Answers: 1. Protein 2. Fish 3. Poultry 4. Sugar 5. Medicinal 6. Carbohydrates

MBD Super Refresher Science Class-VICBSE /NCERT

Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers

ISBN : 9789351857358 Author : Jaya Sharma

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