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Our Solar System
6th grade2015-2016
Patterns of apparent motion of the Sun, the Moon, and
stars in the sky can be observed, described,
predicted, and explained with models. (MS-ESS1-1)
Models of the solar system can explain eclipses of the Sun and the Moon. Earth’s spin axis is fixed in direction over the short-term but tilted relative to its orbit around the sun. The seasons are a result of that tilt and are caused by the differential intensity of sunlight on different areas of Earth across the year. (MS-ESS1-1)
Earth’s movement is constant!
• Earth’s orbit– Sun is at the center– Orbit: movement of an object around another• ex: Earth orbits the Sun.
– Elliptical: oval shaped– Revolution: 1 full orbit of Earth around Sun. • Takes 365+ days [1 year]
Orbital Movement
Day vs. Night
• Earth spins on axis– Axis: imaginary line that runs thru center of planet
from geographic N to S pole• Tilted• Rotation: one full spin of Earth on its axis.
Takes 24 hours [1 day]– Causes day and night; depends on which
hemisphere is facing Sun
Seasons
• Seasons: changes in weather and amount of daylight
• Different for which hemisphere you live in• Due to Earth’s orbit, rotation and axis• http://youtu.be/RIBNgx2hlyU
Seasons
• https://www.brainpop.com/science/weather/seasons/
Our Marvelous
Moon
Our Moon
• Our closest neighbor- 384,000 km• Much smaller than Earth• No atmosphere• Revolution around Earth = 29.5 days
The Moon and Tides
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1otfxSwaG5g
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnDJ6_XpGfo
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gftT3wHJGtg
Tides
• Low and high tides– Approximately 6.5 hours each
• Tidal forces (gravity caused by Moon and Sun)– Distance!!
• Sun causes super low and super high tides– Neap tides: right angle– Spring tides (full or new Moon)• Solar eclipse: E M S• Lunar eclipse: S E M
Phases of the Moon
• Reflecting light from Sun• Synchronous rotation or tidal locking• https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jUpX7J7ySo• As moon orbits Earth, parts are shaded-
PHASES• Phases created by changing angles (positions)
of Earth, Moon and Sun
Lunar Phases
• New Moon– Moon orbiting between Earth and Sun– Side facing Sun is turned away from Earth – hardly
visible
Crescent Moon
• WAXING – appearing • WANING – disappearing, goes away• Sliver of Moon
Quarter Moon
• ½ of the visible surface is lit• WAXING – first 1/4• WANING- 3/4
Gibbous Moon
• Larger than 1/2• WAXING • WANING
Full Moon
• 2 weeks from the New Moon• Earth is between Moon and Sun• BRIGHT• Blue Moon – 2 full Moons in a month; every 2-
3 years
Lunar Eclipse
• When the moon passes directly into Earth’s shadow S E M
• Moon turns a reddish color due to sunlight reflected from Earth’s atmosphere
• Causes super high/low tides
Solar Eclipse
• Only occurs at time of New Moon; March 9, 2016• E M S• Causes super high/low tides• There are actually two types of shadows:
the umbra is that part of the shadow where all sunlight is blocked out. The umbra takes the shape of a dark, slender cone. It is surrounded by the penumbra, a lighter, funnel-shaped shadow from which sunlight is partially obscured.
Moon Rock!!
• http://youtu.be/WArvitCA1j0• http://youtu.be/HkvlrWpsnuQ• http://youtu.be/45YpVDTv0oI• http://youtu.be/9WwRSdX8g_s
The Planets
The Planets
• Travel in elliptical orbits around Sun• Rocky (Terrestial) Planets– Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
• Gas (Gas Giants/ Jovian)Planets– Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Planets and Dwarf Planets•Formal definition (IAU General Assembly –Prague, 2006):–Planet: A natural celestial body that
(a) is in orbit around the Sun(b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to assume hydrostatic
equilibrium (nearly round shape)(c) has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit(d) is not a satellite (moon)
–Dwarf Planet: A natural celestial body that(a) is in orbit around the Sun(b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to assume hydrostatic
equilibrium (nearly round shape)(c) has notcleared the neighborhood around its orbit(d) is not a satellite (moon)
–Small Solar System Bodies:•All other objects (except natural satellites) orbiting the sun
Planets and Dwarf Planets of the Solar System
The Inner Rocky Planets
• Mercury– HOT, Metal core, rocky crust, no moons, 1 day=59
E days
• Venus– Same size as E, no moons, toxic, 1 day=243 E days
The Inner Rocky Planets
• Earth (E)– Atmosphere (Nitrogen and Oxygen), 75% covered
in water
• Mars– Crust, mantle, core (like E), 2 moons, tallest mnt.,
1 day=24.4 E hours– Liquid water!!
Our Future Vacation Spot?
The Outer Gas Planets
• Jupiter– Largest, no solid surface, 60+ moons– 1 day = 10 Earth hours
• Saturn– Mostly Hydrogen, rings of ice, 60+ moons,– 1 day = 10 Earth hours
The Outer Gas Planets
• Uranus– Blue/green, rocky core/ ice mantle, gas
atmosphere, 27 moons, axis towards Sun– 1 day = 17 Earth hours
• Neptune– Mostly H and He, 13 moons– 1 day = 16 Earth hours
Planet Rock!!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XI5nBUidKqo&list=PL9BD00C64CF61BF40&index=2
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9UWNBTR6_I