Outcome 2 – Components

Graphemic / Orthographic control

Andreas GuderFreie University Berlin, Germany

CommunicativeStrategies

GeneralLinguistic

VocabularyRange

Range

GrammaticalAccuracy

PhonologicalControl

VocabularyControl

OrthographicControl

Control

Linguistic Sociolinguistic Pragmatic

CommunicativeLanguage Competencies

CommunicativeActivities

Overall language Proficiency

CommunicativeStrategies

GeneralLinguistic

VocabularyRange

Range

GrammaticalAccuracy

GrammaticalAccuracy

PhonologicalControl

PhonologicalControl

VocabularyControl

VocabularyControl

OrthographicControl

OrthographicControl

OrthographicControl

ControlControl

Linguistic Sociolinguistic Pragmatic

CommunicativeLanguage Competencies

CommunicativeActivities

Overall language Proficiency

Communicative Activities

Three main constituents of Communicative language competences are distinguished: linguistic, Sociolinguistic and Pragmatic. The linguistic competences are important in achieving efficiency and effectiveness in language use. For linguistic competence two factors are distinguished: range and control and within each of these two factors several aspects are distinguished. For each box in the diagram descriptive scales are offered in the CEFR.

Divided in two parts:A) Sinographemic Competence

andB) Hanyu Pinyin Reading and Writing competence

Descriptors + suggested knowledge and strategies

Level EBCL Coded CDS suggested knowledge and strategies for graphemic / orthographic control

A 1.1 E-SGC-A1.1-1 Can write down any character by hand after slow visual instruction (stroke by stroke)

- knows the basic principles of stroke order and stroke direction- is aware that many characters can be further divided into smaller components - knows the main rules of composition of complex characters- can distinguish simple (独体字) from complex (合体字) characters

E-SGC-A1.1-2 Can write down any lexical item or short phrase by hand after slow visual instruction (stroke by stroke)

- knows the difference between words, characters and components and does not confuse these three categories- knows that in di- or polysyllabic words mostly each character has a morphemic function

E-SGC(R)-A1.1-1 Can tell whether a given text is written in Modern Chinese or Modern JapaneseE-SGC(R)-A.1.1-2 understandsthe function of common Chinesepunctuation marks that have the same function as in Europeanlanguages (。 ， ： ！？“”)

Level EBCL Coded CDS suggested knowledge and strategies for graphemic / orthographic control

A 1 E-SGC-A1.2-1

Can copy familiar words and characters

as well as unfamiliar characters in simple

signs or names.

E-SGC-A1.2-2

can write Chinese characters with the

help of electronic devices .

- knows how to use the Pinyin input method (refer to

Hanyu Pinyin Reading and Writing competence)

E-SGC-A1.2-3

Can write down his/her gender,

nationality and any date (like one’s

birthday) by hand.

A1+ E-SGC-A1+-1

knows how to use dictionaries or

electronic devices to look up

lexical items of unknown

characters

E-SGC(R)-A1+-1 Can tell the

meaning of about 15 different

semantic components even if

they are parts of unknown

characters

E-SGC(R)-A1+-2 Can tell whether

a given text is written in Chinese

traditional characters or mainland

characters

- can tell the difference between semantic component s and phonetic

components of Chinese characters in general

- knows about 15 semantic components and can name th em in his / her

mother tongue

Examples:亻亻亻亻/人人人人 person氵氵氵氵/ 水水水水 water, liquid土土土土 earth, locality女女女女 woman / female 火火火火 / 灬灬灬灬 fire / (verbs of cooking)木木木木 wood扌扌扌扌/ 手手手手 hand / (verbs of doing sth with hand(s) 辶辶辶辶/ 走走走走 (verbs of fast movement)口口口口 mouth / (particle of orality)讠讠讠讠/言言言言 words / (verbs of speech)饣饣饣饣/ 食食食食 food忄忄忄忄/ 心心心心 heart (words of emotionality)月月月月 moon / flesh (parts of the human body)贝贝贝贝 shell / (words of money and trade)纟纟纟纟/ 糸糸糸糸 silk 日日日日 sun / time 钅钅钅钅/ 金金金金 metal 艹艹艹艹 grass, plant 石石石石 stone ⺮⺮⺮⺮ bamboo宀宀宀宀 roof

- is familiar with certain graphic variants of impor tant semantic

components like 亻亻亻亻/ 扌扌扌扌/ 饣饣饣饣/ 忄忄忄忄/ 讠讠讠讠/ 氵氵氵氵/

Sinographemic competence A 1+Sinographemic competence A 1+

Level EBCL Coded CDS suggested knowledge and strategies for graphemic / orthographic control

A 2 E-SGC-A2-1

Can copy short phrases on everyday subjects

by hand without hesitation - e.g. names of

institutions.

E-SGC-A2-2

Can write by hand with reasonable graphemic

accuracy so that the written characters are

understood by other readers or by an OCR

device

E-SGC(R)-A2-1 understands the function of

Chinese punctuation marks dunhao 号号号号（、）（、）（、）（、）shenglüehao 号号号号（（（（……））））, shuminghao 书书书书号号号号（（（（《》《》《》《》〈〉〈〉〈〉〈〉））））and zhuanminghao 专专专专 号号号号（（（（﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒））））

- knows examples of characters that share the same

phonetic components

- knows the four main categories of characters (in his/her

mothertongue): pictographic / indicating ( 象形字象形字象形字象形字 and 指指指指

示字示字示字示字), semantic compound ( 会意字会意字会意字会意字), phonetic loan ( 假借字假借字假借字假借字)

and semantic-phonetic ( 形声字形声字形声字形声字)

Note concerning Hanyu Pinyin competence:

Not every speaker of Chinese is familiar with Hanyu Pinyin. However, Hanyu Pinyin is by far the most widely used transcription system for the Chinese language and the Standard transcription for the Chinese language by the United Nations and is needed for visualisation of pronunciation, for the usage of most dictionaries and for digital input of Chinese characters in text processing and other applications. Thus, “Hanyu Pinyin Reading and Writing competence” is strongly recommended as an additional competence for European Learners of Chinese.

10/23/201211-13/07/2012BCLTS 2012, University of Central Lancashire, Preston 8

Level EBCL Coded CDS suggested knowledge and strategies for graphemic / orthographic control

A 1.1 E-GOCPY-A1.1-1

Can understand familiar words and sentences

when written in Pinyin with tone marks.

- knows the function of letters and tone marks of the Pinyin

alphabet as a transcription system for the Chinese language

- can link Hanyu Pinyin with the corresponding Chinese

characters if a word or text is given in both writing systems

E-GOCPY-A1.1-2

Can write down isolated words and short

sentences in Pinyin with mostly correct tone

marks.

Level EBCL Coded CDS suggested knowledge and strategies for graphemic / orthographic control

A 1 E-GOCPY-A1.2-1

Can write down most syllables in Pinyin

including tone marks with reasonable

accuracy if they are pronounced

correctly.

Task: Learners listen to unknown names of Chinese cities or unknown Chinese words and write them down in (mainly correct) Pinyin.

E-GOCPY-A1.2-2

Can read out most Pinyin syllables

correctly.

E-GOCPY-A1.2-3

Can type characters and texts with a

computer using the pinyin input

method.

E-GOCPY-A1+-1Can read out any Pinyin syllable with correct pronunciation.

E-GOCPY-A2-1Can read, write and understand short Pinyin sentences on everyday subjects or in grammar model sentences

E-GOCPY-A2-2Can write down in Pinyin any Chinese word with correct tone marks after listening to its correct pronunciation.