Outline1.0 Background and Introduction2.0 NAPA of Liberia 2.1 Rationale for NAAPA 2.2 Introduction and Setting

2.2.1 Country Profile 2.2.2 National Circumstances

2.3 Framework for Adaptation Programme 2.4 Identification of Key Adaptations Needs 2.5 Criteria for Selecting Priority Activities 2.6 List of Priority Activities 2.7 NAPA Preparation Process 2.7.1 Institutional Arrangement 2.7.2 Synthesis of Information

2.7.3 Stakeholders Consultation 2.7.4 Endorsement of NAPAs

2.8 Challenges 2.9 Recommendation and Way forward

1.0 Background and Introduction

Liberia: ratified the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol in 2002 respectively

UNFCCC Decision

• Decision 29/CP:7: Established the Least Developed Countries Expert Group(LEG)• Decision 4/CP.11: Extension of LEG Mandate until 2007

Financing• GEF/UNEP made available US$200,000

Institutional Arrangement• EPA Liberia executed the project• Steering Committee• Multi-Integrated Assessment Team(MIAT)• Project Management Team• National Experts/Consultants

Methodology• NAPA Annotated Guideline• Stakeholder Consultations-Bottom to Top Approach• National Consultants’ Reports• Literature Review

2.0 NAPA of LiberiaExecutive Summary1. Introduction and Setting2. Framework for Adaptation Programme3. Identification of Key Adaptation Needs4. Criteria for Selecting Priority Projects5. List of Priority Projects6. NAPA Preparation ProcessAnnex 1: Profiles of Institutions in the Stakeholder Consultation ProcessAnnex 2: Highest Priority Project Profiles

2.1 Rationale for NAPA

• To enhance national adaptive capacity needs• To Produce national adaptation programme of

action• To generate consultation at the grass root level• To address urgent and immediate needs due to

the adverse effects of climate change• To assess current vulnerability and local coping

strategies at the community levels and use that to identify immediate priority actions

2.2 Introduction and Setting

Environmental Problems and Stresses• Deforestation• Land Degradation/Soil Erosion• Loss of biodiversity• Tropical storm• Coastal erosion• Flood • Water and sanitation

Figure 1: Political Map of Liberia

2.2.1 Country Profile

2.2.2 National Circumstances

1. GDP Per capita(2003) US$294

2. Share of the economy by mining and manufacturing industries 10%

3. Agriculture Workforce 85%

4. Unemployment rate 85% of population

5. Employment in informal sector 15% of workforce

6. Live on less than 1USD per day 85% of population

7. Live on less than 0.5 USD(0.50 cents) 52% of population

8. Illiteracy rate 85%

9. Population that have access to health care 10%

10. Urban population that have access to safe drinking water 35%

11. Average life expectancy 48 years

12. Child mortality rate 235 per 1000 live births

13. Infant mortality rate 117 per 1000 live births

14. Population in Monrovia (capital and largest city) 800,000

15. Average Temperature 28oC to 32o C

16. Relative humidity 90 to 98%(Rain, 85 to 95% Dry)

17. Average Sunshine 7hrs per day

18. Cultivate Land 10% of arable land

19. Dependent on charcoal and fuel wood for cooking and other domestic energy requirements

98% percent of population

20. Electricity supply Less than 10% of population

21. Total Road Network 10,600 km but only 6.4% paved

22. Annual Average Rainfall 4770 mm along the coast;2080 mm in interior

23. Total fertility rate 6.1(1999/2000 LDHS

2.3 Framework for Adaptation Programme

Significance of ClimateClimate risks pose a serious challenge to

emerging development activities in Liberia• Agriculture• Forestry• Fisheries• Public Health• Water Resources

Framework for Adaptation Programme cont’d

Vulnerability to Climate Variability

• Changing rainfall pattern

• Flood

• Increase in temperature

• Tropical Storm

• Sea Level Rise

Projection of future climate change over LiberiaProjection of future climate change over Liberia

Framework for Adaptation Programme cont’d

Potential Impacts of Climate ChangeAgriculture• Decrease in crop yield• Increase in pest infestation, weeds and animal

diseases• Extinction of species(long term)Forestry• Slow tree growth• Longer period of rain- death of certain tree

species(South East) and Northwest forest blocks

Framework for Adaptation Programme cont’d

Fisheries• Changing water temperatures and rainfall

patterns – decline level of certain fish species

Public Health• Changes in rainfall and temperature

patterns – result to increase level of waterborne diseases(malaria, cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever etc.

2.4 Identification of key adaptation needs

Adaptation options identified from the following:

• Vulnerability and adaptation report• Synergy Assessment Report• Stakeholder Consultations(Bottom – Top

Approach)

2.5 Criteria for Selecting Priority Activities

• Level or degree of adverse effects of climate change

• Poverty reduction to enhance adaptive capacity

• Synergy with other Multilateral Environmental Agreements to which Liberia is a party

• Cost Effectiveness(quantitative; expressed in cost per million units

2.6 List of Priority Activities

• Multi-Criteria Analysis(MCA)-scoring, weighting and ranking

28 Adaptation Projects proposed by stakeholders initially

Validation Forum

• 8 highest prioritized projects emerged:

Agriculture:Integrated crop and livestock farming

List of Priority Activities Contd.

Forestry and wetlands: Switching from fossil fuel based to biomass based energy products

Energy: Promoting energy efficiency and conservationWater: Awareness and sensitization about the importance of water

resource managementCoastal Zones: Development of an integrated coastal zone

managementMeteorological: Rebuilding the national meteorological monitoring

networkPublic Health: Use of insecticide treated materials (ITMs)

Three Urgent and Immediate Adaptation Priorities

• Integrated cropping/livestock farming• Improved monitoring of climate change• Coastal defence systems of Monrovia, Buchanan and Robertsport

2.7 NAPA Preparation Process

• Institutional Arrangement

• Synthesis of Information

• Stakeholder Consultation

• Endorsement of NAPAs

2.7.1Institutional Arrangement

NAPA National Steering Committee- Steering Committee members:

Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy,Permanent Representative of Liberia to WMO, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Ministry of Planning and Economics Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Society Against Environmental Degradation(SAED), Ministry of Agriculture, Save My Future Foundation(SAFE), University of Liberia, UNDP, Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia, Food and Agriculture Organization,World Vision-Liberia, Liberia Electricity Corporation,Ministry of Gender and Development Liberia Indigenous Forum for the Environment(LIFE), Social Enterprise Development of West Africa.

Multi-disciplinary Integrated Assessment Team(MIAT):- Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Gender and Development, University of Liberia,

Liberia Electricity Corporation, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Roberts International Airport, Society Against Environmental Degradation(SAED)

Project Management Team- Project Manager, Deputy Project Manager, Accountant and Secretary

2.7.2 Synthesis of Information

• Technical Reports on Vulnerability and Adaptation, Reconstruction Development Plan, Projects prepared by national consultants, Millennium Development Goals(MDGs), National Environmental Policy, Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers

2.7.3 Stakeholders Consultation

Inception workshop in Monrovia

2.7.4 Endorsement of NAPAs

•Following series of consultation workshops, the Draft final NAPA report was discussed in a national workshop held in Monrovia.

•The document was improved by incorporating comments and suggestions made during the national workshop

•Steering Committee reviewed and approved the NAPA document

•The NAPA document was officially approved and signed by The House of Representatives Committee on Land, Mines Energy & Environment and the Chairman of the Environmental Policy Council (Minister of Lands, Mines and Energy).

•NAPA document was submitted to the UNFCCC in July 2008

2.8 Challenges

CAPACITY GAPS• Lack of professionals with technical expertise on

climate change due to mass exodus during crisis (brain drain)

• Lack of infrastructures for data collection and monitoring. Institutions which collected data prior to the war got destroyed, losing all available data

• Inadequate public awareness on the impacts of climate change

2.9 Recommendation & Way Forward

• Creating enabling environment by rebuilding institutions responsible for climate data collection and monitoring

• Sustained public awareness and sensitization• Human resource capacity building (training) to

enhance research and studies on climate change activities in Liberia, including the development of climate change related scenarios

• Enhancing information sharing and technology transfer

Recommendation & Way Forward cont’d

• Climate change is a serious and on-going threat to development and livelihood in Least Developed Countries like Liberia. It will add burdens to those who are already poor and vulnerable, making poverty eradication an elusion.

• Adaptation is the only way forward. However, in the absence of limited funding to address adaptation options identified in the NAPA process the entire effort of addressing impacts of climate change in the country will remain a charade.

Recommendation & Way Forward cont’d

• Against this background, the concerted effort of stakeholders is what is required for urgent action to implement priority NAPA projects. The following institutional and financial framework provides opportunity for achieving such:

Adaptation Funding under the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol

Special climate change fund Least Developed Countries (LDCs) fund Adaptation fund to finance adaptation projects and programs under

Kyoto protocol

Trust funds of the GEF

Bilateral donors

July 20 2008rainfall disaster in Monrovia

• 24 hour rainfall recorded at the Liberian hydrological station

• 419.5mm

• Impact ( Monrovia and its enviorns)

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!