OutlineI. Extra Credit – see

angel, due 10/30II. Ch 8/9:

A. NormsB. Roles

1. Stanford Prison StudyC. Conformity

1. Informational Social Influence

Sherif When does it occur?2. Normative Social

Influence Asch When does it occur?

D. Milgram – obedience (next class)

Ch 8: Norms and RolesI. Social norms – implicit or explicit rules a

group has for acceptable behavior, values, and beliefs.

A. How all group members act1. all wear clothes to class2. Don’t freeze at train station

B. Social roles – shared expectations about how a particular member is supposed to behave

1. teacher lectures and students do not

Roles

I. Zimbardo’s Prison studyA. Roles Shape Action –prison’s and

guards behaviorA.Normal people:

A. Did evilB. Broke down

B. The place, not the people, key

 Please rate the extent to which you were surprised by the results?

A = not at all surprised 0%B 8%C 19%D 35%E = extremely surprised 9%

I. 2.  To what extent do you think that similar processes happen today in prisons?

A = not at all       2%B = rarely 8%C = sometimes 24%D = rather often 49%E = most of the time

18%

I. Why did the experiment stop?A = the parents complainedB = the priest complainedC = the prisoners asked it to stopD = A graduate student said “It is

terrible what you are doing to those boys”

Criticisms

A. Instructions "create in the Prisoners

feelings of boredom, a sense of fear to some degree, ... a notion of arbitrariness that their life is totally controlled by us, by the system, you, me ....".

Prison Study

II. CriticismsA. InstructionsB. Environment

1. Skull caps, dresses, no underwear, shackles, deloused, mirror sunglasses

2. Zimbardo as warden1. “Only a few people were able to resist the

situational temptations to yield to power and dominance while maintaining some semblance of morality and decency; obviously I was not among that noble class," Zimbardo later wrote in his book The Lucifer Effect.

C. Freedom to leave1. Escape attempt

• BBC the Experiment link 1 and 2 ended early as well

Abu Ghraib

Conformity

I. Conformity – changing behavior due to others’ influence.

A. Can create, help people learn, and maintain norms and roles

II. Two reasons for conformityA. Informational social influence –others inform our

own behavior 1. Motive: need for information/ to be accurate

B. Normative social influence – conform to be liked 1. Motive: need to be accepted

Informational Social Influence

I. Classic Study (Sherif’s 1936 autokinetic studies)

A. Stare at light – it moves = autokinetic illusion

Informational Social Influence

Classic Study (Sherif’s 1936 autokinetic studies)A. Stare at light – it moves =

autokinetic illusionB. Ambiguous how muchC. Do people conform in a group?

Sherif, alone vs. group

012345678

Alone 1 2 3Trials in group

Person 1Person 2Person 3

T

Point of Sherif

I. Ambiguous =use others for information II. Do people who conform really believe the

others?A. Private acceptance – conform b/c think others are

right, and believe itB. Public compliance – conform publicly, but do not

believe itIII. End of study made estimates alone

A. said group est = private acceptance

When will People conform to informational social influence?

I. Ambiguity of situation II. Situation is a crisisIII. Others are experts

Normative Social InfluenceConform to be liked Asch Line Judgment studies

A. Sherif Studies were ambiguous, What if task not ambiguous?

Asch Task

Standard Line 1 2 3

I. Was it hard to judge line?

A. Nope, for alone cond. 98%

II. Conformed not to look foolish

A. Public compliance

B. But not private acceptance

When will we conform to Normative social influence?

I. Social impact theory: likelihood will conform depends on

A. Number: how many in group? As # increases so does conformity. After 4, more people have little influence

B. Strength: How important is group?

C. Immediacy: how close is group in time/space?

When will conform (cont.)II. Culture is collectivistic –

increasesIII. No allies in the group – just one

helps