OUTLINE 6
VI. Morphogenesis
A. General features of gastrulation
B. Cell movement1. extension and contraction2. adhesion
C. Gastrulation in the sea urchin
D. Gastrulation in the frog
E. Three layers of cells1. ectoderm2. mesoderm3. endoderm
F. Neurulation
OUTLINE 5
V. Animal development: patternA. Gametes
1. spermatazoan2. ovum
B. Fertilization overviewC. Details of fertilizationD. Cleavage
1. major features2. patterns
a. radialb. spiral
3. later stages of cleavagea. morulab. blastula (blastomere, blastocoel)
Acoelomates
ProtostomesDeuterostomes
Arthropods Mollusks Annelids Echinoderms Chordates
TIME
Fig. 32.7a
Cells NOT totipotent Cells totipotent
Fig. 47.6Early cleavage stages
Fig. 47.9
Gastrulation in theSea urchin
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Sea urchin fertilization and early development
Fig. 47.10 Gastrulation in the frog
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Frog gastrulation (cross section)
Fig. 47.16 Changes in cell shape during morphogenesis
Fig. 47.11
Neurulation in the frog
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Gastrulation and neurulation in the frog
