Outline

• Introduction• Spiral Cone-beam CT• Interior Tomography• Multi-scale CT• Work in Progress

Integrated Biomedical Research Program

3 Medical Schools

1 Vet-Med College

10 Institutes/Centers

51 Faculty (17 Primary)

Virginia Tech

• Established in 1872• Ranked 25th for College of Engineering• Ranked 12th in Patents• Ranked 8th in Licenses to Start-ups• Best multi-scale CT facility

3

Wake Forest University

• Medical School Established in 1902• Ranked 30th among National Universities • Ranked 32th in NIH Funding• Ranked 1st in Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM)

4

Biomedical Imaging

Nuclear Imaging CT/X-Ray MRIBioluminescence &

Fluorescence

Computed

Tomography

Bioluminescence

Imaging

Optical

Tomography

Bioluminescent

Views

Individualized

Volume

Shape

Model

Optical

Model

3D

Mapping

Wang G, et al.: In vivo mouse studies with bioluminescence tomography. Optics Express

14:7801-7809, 2006

Bioluminescence Tomography (2002)

Recently Awarded BRP (“973”)

Outline

• Introduction• Spiral Cone-beam CT• Interior Tomography• Multi-scale CT• Work in Progress

Scanning for Faster Speed

Spiral into Modern CT Era

Ray Sum

Spiral Fan-beam CT (1983)

Ray A

1D Detector Array

x

y

zz

Interpolation to Planar Data

Spiral Cone-beam CT (1991)

Wang, G, Lin, TH, Cheng PC, Shinozaki DM, Kim, HG: Scanning cone-beam reconstruction algorithms for x-ray microtomography. Proc. SPIE Vol.

1556, p. 99-112, July 1991 (Scanning Microscopy Instrumentation, Gordon S. Kino; Ed.)

Multiple Implications

To solve the long-object problem, a first level of improvement with respect to the 2D FBP

algorithms was obtained by backprojecting the data in 3D, along the actual measurement rays.

The prototype of this approach is the algorithm of Wang et al.

Defrise, Noo, Kudo: A solution to the long-object problem in helical cone-beam tomography. Phys. Med. Biol. 45:623-643, 2000

Many advances in CB reconstruction have been made recently thanks to the quest for an

attractive reconstruction method in helical CB tomography.

Pack, Noo, Clackdoyle: Cone-beam reconstruction using the backprojection of locally filtered projections. IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging 24:1-16, 2005

Seeking Exact Solution (1997)

“Cone-beam spiral CT seems an ideal imaging mode. It is desirable and possible that

an exact cone-beam reconstruction algorithm be designed that takes longitudinally

truncated cone-beam data and is computationally efficient.”

Wang G, Cheng PC, Vannier MW: Spiral CT - Current status and future directions. Proc. SPIE 3149 203–12, 1997

Katsevich Formula (2002)

dsdxsqyDqsyx

xf sqf

xIPI

sin

1|)),,(),((

|)(|

1

2

1)(

2

0)(

),(),(),( xsuxsxse ),(sin),(cos),,( xsexsxs

)( 0sy

e

),( xsu

),( 0 xs

)( 1sy

)( 2sy

)(xf

Detector

Plate

Source

Object

Pi-Line

Katsevich A: A general scheme for constructing inversion algorithms for cone beam CT. Int'l J. of Math. and Math. Sci. 21:1305-1321, 2003

h-index=30

Annually, ~100M CT scans are performed in USA alone

Dual-source CT (2003)

Dual-source In vivo Micro-CT scanner

Designed by BIR, Hoffman, Wang

Built by BIR in 2003

Bioluminescence tomography prototype

Designed by Wang, Hoffman, McLennan

Built by us & UI Med. Inst. Facility in 2003

Outline

• Introduction• Spiral Cone-beam CT• Interior Tomography• Multi-scale CT• Work in Progress

Interior Tomography (2007)

Sparsity-based Interior Recon

Inner Vision with Local Data

t

Sinogram

X-rays

Proje

ctio

n:

Linea

r inte

grals

ty

x

Measurement

Reconstruction

Object

),( yxf

),( tP

X X

Ultrafast Temporal Resolution

From Scanning to Roaming

Extension to Other Modalities

Ge Wang, Hengyong Yu

Limited Angle Interior Tomography

Interior CT Patent

Outline

• Introduction• Spiral Cone-beam CT• Interior Tomography• Multi-scale CT• Work in Progress

SBES Advanced Multi-scale CT Facility

Nano-CT Momentum

Andrew G. Peele et al.: High Resolution X-ray phase tomography. Proc. SPIE CT Conference, 2010

Interior Nano-CT

X-ray Beam Central Stop

Condense Lens

Sample

Zone

Plate

Phase Ring

Detector Plane

ROI

Sample Stage

Potential for Study on Earliest Life

Hagadorn JW, et al. (2006) Cellular and subcellular structure of Neoproterozoic embryos.

Science 314:291–294

Smaller Scales?

Larger Scales?

Outline

• Introduction• Spiral Cone-beam CT• Interior Tomography• Multi-scale CT• Work in Progress

Multi-parameter CT

Wang G, Cong W, Shen H, Zou Y: Varying Collimation for Dark-Field Extraction. International Journal of

Biomedical Imaging. 2009, Article ID 847537, 2010

Dark-field Tomography

Multi-energy CT

Acknowledgement

Important collaborators include, but not limited to, Drs. E. W. Bai, J. A. Brink, Z. Q. Chen, P. C. Cheng, W. X. Cong, M. Furth, W. M. Han, M. Jiang, A. Katsevich, Y. Li, L. Li, H. O. Shen, D. M. Shinozaki, D. L. Snyder, S. Soker, M. W. Vannier, S. Wang, Y. B. Wen, C. Wyatt, Y. Xu, J. S. Yang, Y. B. Ye, H. Y. Yu, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhuang, and Y Zou.

This work is partially supported by multiple NSF, NIH and industrial grants.

Thank You for Invitation!