of 12
8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
1/12
1
OUTPUT DEVICES
CRT Monitor
A monitor displays textand imagedata passed to it by
the computer. A cathode-ray tube(CRT) monitor isthe type that has been around for years and is largeand boxy. CRT monitors are heavyand they take up alot of desk space. They have largely been replacedbyflat-screen monitors. However some are still used in
the design industry since the colour accuracy and
brightness of CRT monitors is excellent, anddesigners need to see true-to-life colours.
Principal CRT Advantages
1. Highest Resolutions- CRTs run at the highest pixel resolutions generally available.
2. Black-Level and Contrast - Produce a very dark black and the highest contrastlevels normally available. They are suitable for use even in dimly lit or dark
environments.3. Color and Gray-Scale Accuracy- CRTs produce the very best color and gray-scale
and are the reference standard for all professional calibrations.
4. Motion ArtifactsCRTs have fast response times and no motion artifacts. Best for rapidly moving orchanging images.
5. Cost - CRTs are less expensive than comparable displays using other displaytechnologies.
Principal CRT Disadvantages
1. Sharpness - The CRT's Gaussian beam profile produces images with softer edges
that are not as sharp as an LCD at its native resolution. Imperfect focus and colorregistration also reduce sharpness.
2. Geometric Distortion - Subject to geometric distortion and screen regulationproblems.
3. Brightness - Relatively bright but not as bright as LCDs. Not suitable for verybrightly lit environments.
4. Emissions- CRTs give off electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields.
5. Physical- They are large, heavy, and bulky. They consume a lot of electricity andproduce a lot of heat
8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
2/12
2
Flat-Screen Monitor (TFT or LCD)
Over the past few years, as they have come downin price, flat-screen displays have replaced CRT
monitors. Flat-screen monitors are light in weightand they take up very little desk space.
TFT and LCD are two of the technologies used inflat-screen monitors: TFTis Thin-Film-Transistor,
and LCD is Liquid-Crystal Display.
Advantages of TFT/LCD monitors:
Space saving Energy Consumption Visual Sharpness Less Eye Strain Adapts Well to Dual Monitor Use
Disadvantages of TFT/LCDmonitors:
Fixed native resolution: This determines the displayed text size and unlike CRTmonitors, the text size on an LCD monitor cannot be made larger without compromising
the page layout in both application programs and web pages.
Colour Rendition: Colour rendition or Colour accuracy, if you prefer - is much harder
to achieve in LCD monitors due to the inherently non-linear light output from the flatpanel, compared to a CRT monitor.
Viewing angle: TFT monitors, especially older models suffer very badly in this respect.
LED Display
An LED displayis aflat panel display,which uses
light-emitting diodes as a video display.An LED
panelis a small display, or a component of a larger
display. They are typically used outdoors in storesigns andbillboards,and in recent years have also
become commonly used in destination signs onpublic transport vehicles or even as part of
transparent glass area. LED panels are sometimesused as form oflighting,for the purpose of general
illumination, task lighting, or even stage lightingrather than display.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(advertising)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_signhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent_LED_embedded_glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent_LED_embedded_glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_signhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(advertising)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_display8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
3/12
3
The advantages of using LED monitors:
LED monitors are more superior in terms of picture quality, specifically in colourintensity as well as motion blurring.
LED monitors are usually lighter and thinner as compared to LCD monitors. LED monitors can be large enough but will not take too much space on the
working desk.
LED monitors offer better and sharper colour reproduction as compared to LCDmonitors.
LED monitors are also used outdoors. Even the large monitors used in theexterior sides of tall buildings make use of LED technology.
The Disadvantages of using LED monitors:
For a better choice of computer monitor, LED has all the advantages with the
disadvantages often associated with LCD monitors.
PLASMA DISPLAY PANEL (PDP)
A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type offlat
panel display common to large TV displays30 inches (76 cm) or larger. They are called
"plasma" displays because the technology
utilizes small cells containing electrically
chargedionized gases,or what are in essence
chambers more commonly known as
fluorescent lamps. Plasma TVs offer large
viewing areas (up to 50 inches) but are very
thin. While they offer excellent picturequality, they are quite expensive and are fast
becoming the popular choice for HDTV.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_display8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
4/12
4
Advantages
Picture quality
Capable of producing deeper blacks allowing for superiorcontrast ratio
Wider viewing angles than those of LCD Less visiblemotion blur,Disadvantages
Earlier generation displays were more susceptible to screen burn-in and imageretention, recent models have a pixel orbiter that moves the entire picture slower thanis noticeable to the human eye, which reduces the effect of burn-in but does not
prevent it.
Due to the bistable nature of the colour and intensity generating method, somepeople will notice that plasma displays have a shimmering or flickering effect with anumber of hues, intensities and dither patterns.
Screen-door effects are possible on screen sizes larger than 127 cm (50 in)TOUCHSCREEN MONITORS
A touchscreen is an electronic visual
display that the user can control through
simple ormulti-touch gesturesby touchingthe screen with one or more fingers. Some
touchscreens can also detect objects such
as a stylus or ordinary or specially coatedgloves. The touchscreen enables the user to
interact directly with what is displayed,rather than using a mouse, touchpad, or
any other intermediate device (other than astylus, which is optional for most moderntouchscreens).
Touchscreens are common in devices suchas game consoles, all-in-one computers,
tablet computers, and smartphones. Theycan also be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks. They also play a
prominent role in the design of digital appliances such as personal digital assistants(PDAs),satellite navigation devices,mobile phones,andvideo games and some books.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_blurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_burn-inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen-door_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_visual_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_visual_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-touch_gestureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylus_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchpadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_consoleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-in-one_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-in-one_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_consoleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchpadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylus_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-touch_gestureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_visual_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_visual_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen-door_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_burn-inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_blurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_ratio8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
5/12
5
ADVANTAGES
Touchscreen devices have limited buttons that will possibly break after 34 years Touchscreen devices usually have more simple user interfaces Ex. Ipod Apps Having less or not buttons means that you can put more effort into having a big
screen For the people worried about hygiene, most devices are easy to clean, some are evendirt, dust and grease resistant
For people new or uncomfortable with normal desktops, touchscreens are easy to useDISADVANTAGES
The screen has to be big enough to be able to touch the buttons without missing Having a big bright screen and needing massive computing power to run this means
a very low battery life
In direct sunlight it is much less efficient and most of the time very difficult to readthe screen
If a touchscreen device were to crash the whole screen would be unresponsive, andbecause of the lack of buttons recovering it would be very difficult
The screens will get very dirty They usually cost more than ordinary devices3D Printing
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is aprocess of making a three-dimensional solid
object of virtually any shape from a digitalmodel.3D printing is achieved using an additive
process, where successive layers of material arelaid down in different shapes. 3D printing is also
considered distinct from traditional machining
techniques, which mostly rely on the removal of
material by methods such as cutting or drilling(subtractiveprocesses).
A materials printer usually performs 3D printing
processes using digital technology. The firstworking 3D printer was created in 1984 by
Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corp. The 3Dprinting technology is used for both prototyping and distributed manufacturing with
applications in architecture, construction (AEC), industrial design, automotive,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-based_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-based_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototypinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototypinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-based_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-based_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_space8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
6/12
6
aerospace, military, engineering, civil engineering, dental and medical industries,biotech (human tissue replacement), fashion, footwear, jewelry, eyewear, education,
geographic information systems, food, and many other fields. It has been speculated that3D printing may become a mass market item because open source 3D printing can
easily offset their capital costs by enabling consumers to avoid costs associated with
purchasing common household objects.
Advantages of 3D Printing
Print 3d itemsprint movable partsprint items in remote locations ability to send items over internet and print out at homeplastic used is strongDisadvantages of 3D Printing
no regulations on what can be made example weapons kids could print out dangerous itemsprovide advantages for criminals counterfeiting expensivePlotter
The plotter is a computer printer for
printing vector graphics. A plotter gives ahard copy of the output. It differs from the
classical printer by using pens to actualizeits pictures and thus produce continuous
lines, whereas printers simulate lines by
means of a series of tiny dots. Multicolor
plotters use different-colored pens to draw
their lines. The pens are held in an arm
which can lift the pen up or down, andwhich can move across the paper. The armand pen create a drawing just like a human
could, but much more accurately and more
quickly. Plotters are often used bydesigners and architects since they work
with huge pieces of paper, far bigger than anything a normal printer could work with.Plotters are used to print designs of ships and machines, plans for buildings and so on.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(computing)#Pen-based_plottershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(computing)#Pen-based_plottershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
7/12
7
ADVANTAGES OF A PLOTTER
Plotters are faster than other types of printing machines, including the desktop printer.
The technology allows precision printing at a higher rate of output, and there is typically
less need for manual adjustments during printing. This also increases the speed or rate
of output printing of the plotter. The versatility of the plotter is another major
advantage. This allows you to print and manipulate the plotter in a number of ways, and
it aslo allows it to be connected to any types of machine. The precision of the plotter is
the main advantage for engineering drawings. Plotters have advanced technology that
allows them to print more precise lines.
DISADVANTAGES OF A PLOTTER
Plotters can take over half an hour to produce a print, depending on the size and
complexity of the image being produced. Altough plotter printers are able to reproducea number of images, they are not able to print photo-quality images like inkjet printers.Plotters are only suitable for producingline drawings. They cannot produce the kind of
text and images that an ink-jet or laser printer could. Plotter printers can cost quite a bitmore than other printers. For cramped work areas, plotters take up a lot of space. The
averageplotter is 42 inches wide.
Types of Plotters
Plotters are divided into two types: Drum plotters & Flatbed plotters
Drum PlotterA drum plotter is also known as Roller
Plotter. It consists of a drum or rolleron which a paper is placed and the
drum rotates back and forth to
produce the graph on the paper. It also
consists of mechanical device known
as Robotic Drawing Arm that holds a
set of colored ink pens or pencils. TheRobotic Drawing Arm moves side toside as the paper are rolled back and
forth through the roller. In this way, a
perfect graph or map is created on thepaper. This work is done under the
control of computer. Drum Plottersare used to produce continuous output, such as plotting earthquake activity.
8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
8/12
8
Flatbed PlotterA flatbed plotter is also known as Table
Plotter. It plots on paper that is spread and
fixed over a rectangular flatbed table. Theflatbed plotter uses two robotic drawing
arms, each of which holds a set of coloredink pens or pencils. The drawing arms move
over the stationary paper and draw the graph
on the paper. Typically, the plot size is equal
to the area of a bed. The plot size may be 20-by-50 feet. It is used in the design of cars,
ships, aircrafts, buildings, highways etc.
Flatbed plotter is very slow in drawing orprinting graphs. The large and complicated drawing can take several hours to print. The
main reason of the slow printing is due to the movement mechanical devices.
Today, mechanical plotters have been replaced by thermal, electrostatic and ink jet
plotters. These systems are faster.
CONTROL DEVICES
Computers can also be used to control other devices such asswitches, lights, pumps andmotors.These devices are output devices.
Output - Control ActuatorsA normal PC has no way of affecting what is
happening around it. It cant turn on the lights, or
make the room hotter. We can give it the ability to
do lots of things by connecting a range of actuators
to it.
An actuator is a device, controlled by a computer,
that can affect the real-world. Actuators aretransducers and are used to take signals from a
computer and convert them into some form ofmotion, for example operating motors, pumps,
switches and valves. As part of the controlprocess, digital signals are sent from the computer
to an actuator to operate a device. Usually,conversion of the digital signal to analogue is required first (using a DAC).
http://www.hollyfield.kingston.sch.uk/gcseit/GCSE/control.htm#Deviceshttp://www.hollyfield.kingston.sch.uk/gcseit/GCSE/control.htm#Deviceshttp://www.hollyfield.kingston.sch.uk/gcseit/GCSE/control.htm#Deviceshttp://www.hollyfield.kingston.sch.uk/gcseit/GCSE/control.htm#Devices8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
9/12
9
Examples of actuators, and what they can do are:
Actuator What it Can Do
Light bulb or LED Creates light
Heater Increases temperature
Cooling Unit Decreases temperature
Motor Spins things around
Pump Pushes water / air through pipes
Buzzer / Bell / Siren Creates noise
Motors
Motors can provide movement. For example, the
motor in a washing machine can be controlled by a
computer - it is switched on when the clothes are
loaded for washing and switched off at the end of
the wash. Computer-controlled motors are also
found in microwave ovens (to turn the food around)
and air-conditioning units (to drive the fan)
Pumps
A pump is basically a motor attached to a device
that can push water or air along pipes. When themotor is switched on, water or air flows along the
pipes to places it is needed. Pumps are used in
many places: as part of watering systems in
greenhouses, in factories, etc.
8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
10/12
10
Buzzer
Buzzers can provide noise. For example, the
buzzer in a microwave oven can be switched on
by the controlling computer when the food is
cooked.
Louder noises can be made using a siren or an
electric bell, for example in a burglar alarm
system.
Lights
Light bulbs and LEDs can be used to provide
light, or to indicate something.
For example, computer-controlled lights are
used in traffic lights, at music concerts. Lights
are used in car dashboards to show if the any of
the systems in the car have problems.
Heaters / Coolers
Heaters can provide heat, and coolers can cool
things down.
A computer can switch a heater on or off
when needed to keep a room or a greenhouse
at the correct temperature during winter.
A computer can switch a cooling unit on or
off to keep a room at the correct temperature
during hot weather, or to keep food fresh.
SHALYN
8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
11/12
11
Modeling
Additive manufacturing takes virtual
blueprints from computer aided design
(CAD) or animation modeling software
and "slices" them into digital cross-
sections for the machine to successively
use as a guideline for printing.
Depending on the machine used, material
or a binding material is deposited on the
build bed or platform until
material/binder layering is complete and
the final 3D model has been "printed."
A standard data interface between CAD software and the machines is the STL fileformat. An STL file approximates the shape of a part or assembly using triangular
facets. Smaller facets produce a higher quality surface.PLY is a scanner generated inputfile format, and VRML (or WRL) files are often used as input for 3D printingtechnologies that are able to print in full color.
A prototype is an early sample,
model or release of a product built
to test a concept or process or to
act as a thing to be replicated or
learned from. It is a term used in a
variety of contexts, including
semantics,design, electronics, and
software programming. A
prototype is designed to test and
trial a new design to enhance
precision by system analysts and
users. Prototyping serves to
provide specifications for a real,
working system rather than a
theoretical one.
SHALYN DSA, GR. 10
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_aided_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modeling_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLY_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semanticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_prototypinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_prototypinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semanticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLY_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modeling_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_aided_design8/14/2019 output devices assignment.docx
12/12
12
