OV 9 - 1 Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved. WAN Infrastructure WAN...

OV 9 - 1Copyright © 2013 Logical Operations, Inc. All rights reserved.

WAN Infrastructure

WAN Transmission Technologies WAN Connectivity Methods Voice over Data Transmission


ATM

Cell switching technologyCell switching technology

53 byte cell53 byte cell


Frame Relay

DCEDCE

Customer network DTECustomer network DTE

FRBS provides reliable communication and efficient

error-handling

FRBS provides reliable communication and efficient

error-handling


MPLS

Performs label switchingPerforms label switching


DSL

PSTN

Transmits digital signals

on phone lines

Transmits digital signals

on phone lines


ISDN

ISDN Adapter

ISDN Switch

Packet data network

Circuit-switched data network

Private network

TelcoSubscriber


T-Carrier Systems

T-Carrier circuitT-Carrier circuit

T-1: 24 channels

T-3: 672 channels


Digital Network Hierarchies

Digital networks have two hierarchical structures: Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

Data moves on an optical fiber using LEDs Basic data transmission occurs at a rate of 155.5 Mbps


SONET/SDH

Routes between regional networksRoutes between

regional networks

Joins multiplecollector ringsJoins multiplecollector rings

DCS to place customer’s signal on ring

DCS to place customer’s signal on ring

Regional network

Broadband backbone network

Collector ring

Integrated management

LAN


The Optical Carrier System

The OC standard: Specifies the bandwidth for fiber optic transmissions Is based on DSH with data rate: 810 channels An open-ended standard


Satellite Transmission Systems

A satellite-based network: Offers immense geographical coverage STS are used as an alternative to conventional communications STS is a cost-effective method to transmit information to different locations

globally

Satellite communications systems: Use LOS microwave transmission Consist of two segments

Space – Contains one or more satellites organized into a constellation and a ground station. Ground – Provides access from Earth stations to the satellite

Contains three basic types of terminals – Fixed, Transportable and Mobile.


Satellite Transmission Systems (Cont.)

Data transmission using LOSData transmission using LOS


WWAN


WiMAX

Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX): Is a packet-based wireless telecommunication technology that provides

wireless broadband access over long distances. Based on the IEEE 802.16 standard it is intended for wireless MANs. Provides fixed and mobile broadband access. Covers a range of about 30 miles for fixed stations and 3 to 10 miles for mobile

stations. Provides line of sight and non-line-of-sight communications. Provides connection speeds of about 70 Mbps. Operates in the wireless frequency ranges of between 2 and 11 GHz of the

wireless spectrum.


WiMAX (Cont.)

30 miles of coverage for fixed stations

30 miles of coverage for fixed stations

3 to 10 miles of coverage for

mobile stations

3 to 10 miles of coverage for

mobile stations


Cable Internet Access

Cable TV feed

Cable TV feed

Cable modem

ISP

TV signalTV signal


Cable Modems

Are hardware devices that connect subscribers to the service provider's cable systems.

Use twisted pair cabling and a 10/100 network port or USB connection. Connect on one end to the subscriber's computer and on the other end to the

wall jack using coaxial cabling. Can function reliably for speeds up to 27 Mbps. Operate at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI Model.

Subscriber Cable modem Service provider

Connect subscribers to the service provider’s cable systemsConnect subscribers to the service provider’s cable systems


Dial-Up Connections

Modem Modem

Provides WAN connectivity using modems and phone lines

Provides WAN connectivity using modems and phone lines

PSTNPSTN


Dial-Up Modems

Sender ReceiverTelephone lineTelephone line

Dial-up modem


Dial-Up Modems (Cont.)

Is a communication device that converts a computer's digital signals into analog signals before transmission over telephone lines.

Converts digital signals into analog and analog signals into digital. The word, modem, represents modulation and demodulation.

Can be either Internal – exist a part of motherboard and use the PC's power supply. External – connect via USB port as separate expansion boxes. Require separate

power supply

Is slow when compared to broadband modem.


Leased Data Lines

Telco

Leased data lineLeased data line


ICS

ICS host

ICS client


Satellite Media

Signal transferred between physical link and satellite linkSignal transferred between

physical link and satellite link


Converged Networks

Allow all three types of traffic (voice, video and data) to move over the same network.

Convert digital signals into analog and analog signals into digital. Allow all three types of traffic to move over the same network. VoIP is the convergence of data, voice, and video networks.

Voice Video Data


Voice over Data Systems

Converts analog voice into digital dataConverts analog voice into digital data

Analog Digital

Voice device


VoIP

VoIP Interface

PBX

VoIP-compatiblefax machine

VoIP-compatiblefax machine


VoIP Protocols

VoIP protocols include: Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Session Description Protocol (SDP) Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)


Reflective Questions

1. Which WAN technologies do you expect to work with on your home and office networks? Why?

2. In your opinion, what is the future for the implementation of voice over data systems on conventional networks?

Date post:	11-Jan-2016
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