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SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUE RELATED TO HEALTH
OVERPOPULATIONOVERPOPULATIONOVERPOPULATION
Socio-economic Issue Related to Health
What is Overpopulation?
Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity of the Earth.
It is a function of the number of individuals compared to the relevant resources, such as water and essential nutrients they need to survive.
Two Types of Overpopulation
People Overpopulationo Due to overpopulation,
people consume too few resources resulting in malnutrition.
o Occurs in developing countries.
Consumption Overpopulationo Occurs when people
consume too large of a share of resources resulting in pollution.
o Occurs in developed countries.
Causes of Overpopulation
Decline in Death RateBetter Medical FacilitiesMore hands to Overcome PovertyTechnological Advancement in Fertility
TreatmentImmigrationLack of Family Planning
Decline in Death Rate
Low death rateHigh birth rate
Better Medical Facilities
Better means of producing food.
Discoveries which defeat a whole range of diseases.
Some illnesses were cured because of the invention of vaccines.
More Hands to Overcome Poverty
Families that have been through poverty, natural disasters, or are simply in need of more hands to work are a major factor for overpopulation. • As compared to earlier
times, most of these extra children survive and consume resources that are not sufficient in nature.
Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment
It has become possible for couple who are unable to conceive to undergo fertility treatment methods and have their own babies.
Immigration
Many people prefer to move to developed countries where best facilities are available in terms of medical, education, security, and employment.
The end result is that those people settle over there and those places become overcrowded.
Lack of Family Planning
Most developing nations have large number of people who are illiterate, live below poverty line, and have little or no knowledge about family planning.
Effects of Overpopulation
Positive Effects More progress Larger Workforce Economic Growth
Negative Effects Resource Scarcity Environmental Damage Rise in Unemployment High Cost of Living Food
Shortages/Starvation Water Supply
Contamination Easily Spread Diseases Rising Conflicts
Between Territories
Positive Effects
More ProgressThe more the people
that there are, the more ideas that they can produce which help the world progress within technology, science, and beliefs.
Larger WorkforceMore people means
more work could be done. The larger the population also open ups the opportunities for new work and work roles to make an appearance.
Positive Effects
Economic GrowthIncrease in the number or
people increases the demand and purchase of products such as food, clothing, education-related expenses, etc. which help in the flow of the economy.
Negative Effects
Resource Scarcity
In areas of tremendous population growth, fossil fuels, timber, water, and arable land can become scarce because of overconsumption and degradation.
Environmental Damage
• Increase in population also increases the consumption of energy for transportation, heat, food production, and other activities that generates air, land, and water pollution.
Negative Effects
Rise in Unemployment
• When a country becomes overpopulated, it gives rise to unemployment as there fewer jobs to support large number of people.
High Cost of Living
As difference between demand and supply continues to expand due to overpopulation, it raises the prices of various commodities including food, shelter, and healthcare.
Negative Effects
Food Shortages/Starvation
More people, more food consumption.
Limited food supply.
Water Supply Contamination
Due to lack of residential lots, people, especially in the urban areas live near bodies of water like rivers.
Factories and industrial buildings releases chemicals to bodies of water.
Negative Effects
Easily Spread Diseases
Communicable diseases can easily spread when people are closer to each other.
Rising Conflicts Between Territories
Because of limited resources, people compete with each other resulting in conflicts.
WORLDASIA
PHILIPPINES
Statistical Updates
Population of the World
Figure 1. 2014 World Population ClockPopulation Reference Bureau
Figure 2. 10 Most Populous Countries in 2014Population Reference Bureau
Figure 3. Projected 1950-2050 Population of the WorldU.S. Census Bureau
According to the United Nation’s World Population Prospect report, the world population is currently growing by approximately 74 million people per year.
Population of Asia
Figure 4. Population of Asia in 2014Population Reference Bureau
Mid-2014 Populatio
n(in
millions)
Births per 1000
Deaths per
1000
Rate of Natural
Increase(%)
Mid-2050 Projected
Population (in millions)
Asia 4 351 18 7 1.1 5 252
Western Asia
255 22 5 1.7 387
South Central
1 874 22 7 1.6 2 516
Central 67 24 6 1.8 93
South 1806 22 7 1.5 2 422
Southeast 621 19 7 1.3 831
East 1601 12 7 0.4 1 519
Figure 5. 10 Most Populous Countries in Asia as of 2014
World Population Statistics
Top 10 Most Populous Countries in Asia (2013)
Rank Country Population
1 China 1,357,379,000
2 India 1,257,476,000
3 Indonesia 248,731,000
4 Pakistan 183,936,000
5 Bangladesh 154,514,000
6 Japan 127,223,000
7 Philippines 98,007,000
8 Vietnam 89,702,000
9 Iran 76,789,000
10 Turkey 76,081,000
Population of the Philippines
Figure 6.2. Population of the Philippines in 2014Population Reference Bureau
Mid-2014 population (in millions)
Figure 6.1. Population of the Philippines in 2010Philippines Statistics Authority
Rank Region Name Population
1 Region 4A (CALABARZON) 12, 609, 803
2 NCR 11,855,975
3 Region 3 (Central Luzon) 10,137,737
4 Region 6 (Western Visayas) 7,102,438
5 Region 7 (Central Visayas) 6,800,180
6 Region 5 (Bicol Region) 5,420,411
7 Region 1 (Ilocos Region) 4,748,372
8 Region 11 (Davao Region) 4,468,503
9Region 10 (Northern Mindanao
Region)4,297,323
10 Region 12 (SOCCSKSARGEN) 4,109,571Figure 7. 10 Most Populous Regions in the Philippines as of 2014
Figure 8. Projected Population of the Philippines from 2000-2040
Philippines Statistics Authority
Policy Recommendations
Making people aware of Family Planning. Raising awareness among people regarding family planning and letting them know about serious after effects of overpopulation can help curb population growth.
Tax Benefits or Concessions. Making provisions in taxation that favor families with none or limited number or children.
Knowledge of Sex Education. Imparting sex education to young kids so that they can be aware of the effects of having children at a young age.
Policy Recommendations
Family Planning Program that include a “persuasion” element to encourage couples to adopt a small family size norm.
Incentives and disincentives. These involves eliminating all implicit subsidies for large families; offering financial or other incentives for small families; imposing disincentives for large families.
Birth quotas imposed on families.Government commitment to decreasing
population growth.
China: Most Populous Country in the World
“One Child Per Family Policy” (1979) Citizens must obtain a birth certificate before
the birth of their children. The citizens would be offered special benefits if
they agreed to have only one child. Citizens who did have more than one child
would either be taxed an amount up to fifty percent of their income, or punished by loss of employment or other benefits
Unplanned pregnancies or pregnancies without the proper authorization would need to be terminated.
China: Most Populous Country in the World
Birth Control Programs & Economical Changes. In the early '80's, sterilization target goals
were set and made mandatory for people who had two children. At its peak in 1983, tubal ligations, vasectomies, and abortions amounted to thirty-five percent of the total birth control methods.
The economy changed from primarily one of agriculture to industry. The government used this to its advantage; spreading the view that economic growth would hinder population growth.
Philippines Population Control and Management Policies
Establishment of POPCOM (Commission on Population) 1967 by Pres. Ferdinand Marcos Executive Order 171
The Population Act RA 6365 (1971) Made family planning part of a strategy for national
development.The Population Management Program
Pres. Ramos (1993) Policymakers and politicians began to focus on “reproductive
health”.Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning
Program Promote natural family planning, birth spacing, and
breastfeeding.
END
Prepared by:
Denn Andrew FortunoJoshua Kris SungaKarlo Tendencia
Junamay Delos SantosJerlyn Anne Masculino
BMLS 2D