Date post: | 20-Jan-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | thesupplychainniche |
View: | 460 times |
Download: | 2 times |
Overview & Plastic Film Case Study
“to determine the best methods for improving the sustainability of the
packaging industry”
• What is the best method for benchmarking current packaging options?
• Taking into consideration the current state of packaging, what is needed to make it more sustainable?
• Once assessed, how can the social, environmental, and economic aspects of packaging be improved upon?
Although there are many benefits associated with packaging, there are also a number of important issues that could benefit from more analysis. In particular, we are interested in answering the following questions:
• The State of the Packaging World
• Our Progress• Moving Forward
Packaging protects products during transport and can increase their lifespan. This decreases disposal due to spoilage or damage.
Packaging provides information and increases appeal of items to consumer resulting in less stock going unsold.
Natural Resource Depletion Scarcity of raw materials, many of which are used
in the production of plastics, such as oil, natural gas, coal, and agriculture.
Climate Change Associated with the green house
gas intensity of product manufacturing
Waste Creation Issues of capacity for garbage disposal
Dangers to Human Health Concerns over the toxicity of
different source materials
Pollution With decreasing capacity for waste
disposal, trash ends up contaminating ecosystems, such as waterways.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Generation, with Recycling (2006)• 32% of the weight
& 50% of the volume of MSW is containers and packaging
• The amount of containers and packaging consumed equates to 300 pounds per American per year.
• 30% of all non-energy resources are consumed for packaging
• Complicated supply chains• Many stakeholders• Complex policy environment
Packaging Manufacturing
Product Manufacturing
Distribution ConsumerRaw Materials
Packaging Materials
Packaging Manufacturing
Product Manufacturing
Distribution ConsumerRaw Materials
Repair
Refurbish
Service
Recycling
Remanufacturing
Packaging Materials
Disassembly
Disposal
Inspection/Sorting
Unused Packaging
Used Packaging
Packaging Manufacturing
Product Manufacturing
Distribution ConsumerRaw Materials
Packaging Materials
Material Suppliers Converters Fillers Brand Owners Retailers Consumers
End-of-life handlersRecyclers
GovernmentsIndustry Associations
NGOs, Research
Bodies
= ban= levy
• A lack of information• Missing infrastructure• Insufficient incentives,
conflicting policies and standards
Primary challenges for government, industry and individuals center around:
• Sustainable Packaging• Industry Guidelines• Green Supply Chains• Supportive Regulatory Environment
• Survey of current sustainable packaging environment
– Conceptions of sustainability– Assessment techniques/methodologies– Existing metrics– Applicability to plastic film
Society
Environment Economics
Objectives
Metrics
Assessment Methodologies
Scorecards, Checklists & Criteria:
Used to check progress; Hard to
compare tradeoffs; Implicit assumptions
Regulations & Standards:
Top-down; Specific goal(s); Gives directions or
targets for industry
Analytical Methods:
Used to track improvements
based on chosen criteria
Design Guidelines: Simple; Oriented
around sustainability
objectives
Assessment Methodologies
Objectives
Metrics
Assessment Methodologies
Scorecards, Checklists & Criteria:
Used to check progress; Hard to
compare tradeoffs; Implicit assumptions
Regulations & Standards:
Top-down; Specific goal(s); Gives directions or
targets for industry
Analytical Methods:
Used to track improvements
based on chosen criteria
Design Guidelines: Simple; Oriented
around sustainability
objectives
Assessment Methodologies
• Ecological Footprints
• Life Cycle Analysis
• Green Supply Chain Management
Green Operations Green Design
Green Supply Chain Management
Life Cycle Analysis
Environmentally Conscious Design
Waste Management
Network Design & Reverse Logistics
Green Manufacturing & Remanufacturing
Pol
lutio
n Pr
even
tion
Dis
posa
l
Sour
ce R
educ
tion
Pre
-pro
cess
ing
Colle
cting
Loca
tion
& D
istr
ibuti
on
(Net
wor
k D
esig
n)
Insp
ectio
n/
Sorti
ng
Inve
ntor
y M
anag
emen
t
Redu
cing
Prod
uctio
n Pl
anni
ng &
Sc
hedu
ling
Recy
clin
g Remanufacturing
Product/ Material Recovery
Reuse
Repair/ Refurbish
Disassembly
Disassembly Levelling
Disassembly Process Planning
Source: Srivastava SK. Green supply chain management: a state-ofthe-art literature review. International Journal of ManagementReviews 2007;9(1):53–80.
Objectives
Metrics
Design Guidelines
Scorecards, Checklists & Criteria
Regulations & Standards
Analytical methods
Assessment Methodologies
Objectives
Metrics
Design Guidelines
Scorecards, Checklists & Criteria
Regulations & Standards
Analytical methods
Assessment Methodologies
Environmental:•Material traits:
•Virgin, Renewable, Degradable, or Recycled content
•Packaging traits: •Quantity, Weight, Space utilization (Volume & Pallet use), Transport•Number of parts, Ease of separation
•Environmental impacts:• Resource Use: Land, Water, Energy, Fossil Fuels•Emissions and Pollution: GHG, Water, Air, Eutrophication•Toxicity and Risks
•End of life•Recycling and Reuse Possibilities and Rates•Energy Recovery Options•Clear Labeling for Customers •Waste creation, Litter
•Innovations
Environmental:•Material traits:
•Virgin, Renewable, Degradable, or Recycled content
•Packaging traits: •Quantity, Weight, Space utilization (Volume & Pallet use), Transport•Number of parts, Ease of separation
•Environmental impacts:• Resource Use: Land, Water, Energy, Fossil Fuels•Emissions and Pollution: GHG, Water, Air, Eutrophication•Toxicity and Risks
•End of life•Recycling and Reuse Possibilities and Rates•Energy Recovery Options•Clear Labeling for Customers •Waste creation, Litter
•Innovations
Objectives
Metrics
Design Guidelines
Scorecards, Checklists & Criteria
Regulations & Standards
Analytical methods
Assessment Methodologies
Business Advantage:•Increased competitiveness: Market differentiation, Image/ Reputation, Quality, Price/Possible profits•Reduce risk: Regulation compliance
Business Advantage:•Increased competitiveness: Market differentiation, Image/ Reputation, Quality, Price/Possible profits•Reduce risk: Regulation compliance
Objectives
Metrics
Design Guidelines
Scorecards, Checklists & Criteria
Regulations & Standards
Analytical methods
Assessment Methodologies
Social:•Impact on people/community•Social right•Equality•Education/Training
Social:•Impact on people/community•Social right•Equality•Education/Training
•Regulation compliance•Market differentiation•Image/ Reputation of material•Price/ Possible profits•Quality
•Recycled/ Raw material content• (Non)Renewable resource use•Fossil Fuel Consumption
• Reusable•Recyclable
•GHG Emissions•Type of material•Amount of material
•Clear labeling for customers•Portion variability, refill packs •Weight
•Transport•Volume•Land use•Water Use•Energy Use•Void space•Innovation•Litter
•Environmental impact•Risk of eco-accidents•Degradable material•Production Waste•Water pollution
•Social right•Impact on people/ community•Equality•Education/ Training
•Material Toxicity
•Raw Material
Consumption
•Energy recovery•Supplier
•Air pollution •Eutrophication
Society
Environment Economics
Strategic business advantage
Permanent waste creation
Natural resource consumption
Pollution (including GHG emissions across different lifecycle phases)
Oil Refinery
Extraction Raw Material Cracking Feedstock
Energy Sources•Natural Gas•Petroleum•Coal•Agriculture
Feedstock•Ethane•Propane•Benzene•Naphtha•Butene
Process
Material
Examples
Transportation
Polymerization Polymer
Chemical Plant Plastic Processor
Processing Aid Additives•Curing agents•Blowing agents•Heat stabilizers
•antimicrobials•Fillers•Plasticizers•Antioxidants•Coupling agents•Colorants•UV and other weathering stabilizers
•Polymeric impact modifiers•Anti-static agents•Flame retardants•Preservatives•Fragrances
•Lubricants•Viscosity aids
Plastic Film Packaging Manufacturing Processes•Extrusion
•Blown•Cast
•Extrusion coating •Co-extrusion•Calendaring
Compounding Plastic Fabrication Package
1
2 34
56
7
Regulation Compliance
Public Reputation
Non-Renewable Resource
Recycled Material Content
Reusability
Recyclability
Degradability
Regulation Compliance
Public Reputation
Non-Renewable Resource
Recycled Material Content
Reusability
Recyclability
Degradability
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Reduced Risk: Regulation compliance
• Improved Image & Reputation
Non Renewable resourcingDegradable material
Issues
Recycled material contentIncreased average reuse
RecyclableEnd of Life Options
Bio-plastics
PossibleSolutions Benefits
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
• Survey of the available sustainability metrics• Set of criteria to note the sustainability of packaging choices• Several immediate options for investigating the improvement of plastic
film:– Assess and improve the sustainability of supply chains– Explore analytical methodologies and metrics to guide and evaluate
production and manufacturing– Examine end-of-life impacts and options– Find regulatory tools to support stakeholders’ sustainability goals
• Potential Future Research:– Expand sustainability metrics – Draw lessons from other policies
• Indentify additional applications of our research to other work being done in the field