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Overviewof
ComputerScience
Much ado about Nothing Computer Science
The field of Computer Science
Not a homogeneous set of Systems
Communications
Applications
Operating Systems
Programming
Hardware
Information
You enter the communications layer
Communication Layer
html, xhtml, xml
ProtocolsHttp, Soap,
web services
Service Description
WSDL, SDL
SecurityEncryption
Internationalization
BrowserInterpretatio
nAnd
rendering
Client
Server
Web services
DatabasesServer
Cloud
Built on top of other layers (hardware, information, application,…)
W3C: Standardization
W3C standards define an Open Web Platform for application development that has the unprecedented potential to enable developers to build rich interactive experiences, powered by vast data stores, that are available on any device. Although the boundaries of the platform continue to evolve, industry leaders speak nearly in unison about how HTML5 will be the cornerstone for this platform. But the full strength of the platform relies on many more technologies that W3C and its partners are creating, including CSS, SVG, WOFF, the Semantic Web stack, XML, and a variety of APIs.
The W3C mission is to lead the World Wide Web to its full potential
by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure the long-term growth of the Web.
Cannot communicate without common standard
www.w3c.org
Hardware Layer
transistorsIC
VLSI
CMOS
Hardware: Moore’s Law
The complexity for minimum component costs has increased at a rate of roughly a factor of two per year.Gordon Moore:"Cramming more components onto integrated circuits", Electronics Magazine 19 April 1965
Information Layer
Hardware
Firmware
Code Data
Information Layer:Coding Data
Wav, au,aiff,vof,mp3
ASCII
Bmp, gif, png, jpeg
Video codecs
Com
pression Strategies
Information Layer
Gates' law is a variant on Wirth's law, borrowing its name from Bill Gates,[7] the founder of Microsoft. It is a humorous and ironic observation that the speed of commercial software generally slows by 50% every 18 months, thereby negating all the benefits of Moore's law. This could occur for a variety of reasons: "featuritis", "code cruft", developer laziness, or a management turnover whose design philosophy does not coincide with the previous manager
software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes
faster
Wirth’s Law
OperatingSystem
Operating System Layer
hardware
software
Data storage hardware interface
communcations
Programing and ApplicationsLayer
Hardware Informtion Layer
Operating Systems
Operating Systems Layer
Operating Systems
Operating SystemsUnix (officially trademarked as UNIX) is a multitasking, multi-user
computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs,
including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, Michael Lesk and Joe Ossanna
linux
Mac OS x Solarius
Programming Layer
This is where you tell the hardware how to solve itQuestion
s
Answers
Input
Output
You have a problem to solve
Analysis of Problem
Translation
Programming LayerUnderstanding the
problemDevising a plan
Carrying out the plan
Examine the solution obtained
1. Analysis and Specification Phase1. Analysis: Understand the problem2. Specification: Specify the problem that the program is to
solve2. Algorithm Development Phase
1. Develop Algorithm: Divide and conquer with known algorithms and
data structures2. Test Algorithm: does it really solve the problem)
3. Implementation Phase1. Code and Test Cycle
4. Maintenance Phase1. Use and Maintain
Key step
Programming Layer
Programming platformsData Structures
AlgorithmsMust fit together to solve problem
Analysis
Which tools can you use?
Programming LayerData Structures (Abstract Data
Types)
Key to Representatio
n:Algorithms act on the
data structures
Stack
Queue
List, Set
Linked list
tree
graph
Search Algorithms
Programming LayerAlgorithms: Basic programming techniques
Divide and Conquer
recursion
loops
Sorting
Applications Layer
Data Structures
Algorithms
CommunicationsProgrammingInformation
hardware
ApplicationFitting together all the
components to perform a complex task
Application Layer
Information Systems
E-commercespreadsheet
s
Relational Databases
Search Engines
Artificial Intelligence
Simulation
Applications in almost every field imaginable
“Simple” Questiongoes through all layers
Simplethought
communicationsApplications
Operating system
programming
informationhardware
The field of Computer Science
Not a homogeneous set of Systems
Communications
Applications
Operating Systems
Programming
Hardware
Information