Overview of Emergency Communication Practices, Methods and Expected Outcomes

Nuwan WaidyanathaITU Expert

Email: nuwan [AT] lirneasia [DOT] net

http://www.lirneasia.net/profiles/nuwan-waidyanathaMobile: +94773710394 (Int'l Roaming) +8613888446352 (cn)

Workshop on Timor-Leste Emergency Communications Plan

2015 April 27

National Communications Authority of Timor-Leste, Dili, Timor-Leste

Outline

❑ Introduction

❑ Risk mapping

❑ Early Warning

❑ Incident

Management

❑ Telecommunications

resilience and

availability

Typical vertical horizontal integrationRailway Financial

Civil affairs … …… …

National

Provincial/Regional

State/Regional

County/Town/Village

Land Earthquake Water Heath

Firefighting Meteorological TrafficDiploma

tic“Horizontal”Inf. Sharing

“Vertical”

A variety of means to public

1122

33

Management platformManagement platform

Collection

Collection

WebsiteWebsiteFeedback evaluation

systemFeedback evaluation

system

SMS release system

SMS release systemProcessProcess Transm

issionTransmission

StoreStore ControlControl

National Emergency

Early Warning & Alerting

System

If you were to manage emergencies manually

❑ Channels N(N-1)/2 = O(N2)

❑ Information Lost in relay and propagation

❑ Redundant Data Collection

❑ Inconsistent Terminology

❑ Manual Collation / Calculation

❑ Delayed Situational-Awareness

N=5

N=8

N=16

Full Scope of Multi Agency Situational Awareness

scope

architecturekeep it Simple

functions

ALERTING(CAP)

REPORTING(SITREP)

Common Operating Picture

Components for Em. Comm. & Resilience

1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment

2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness

3. Situational Reporting for Emergency

Coordination

4. Telecommunications resilience and

availability

Defining Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk

Potential Hazard

High Exposure Low Exposure

Elements-at-Risk

High Vulnerability

(No Reinforcement)

Low Vulnerability

(Reinforced Structure)

Risk = Hazard & Exposure x Vulnerability x Cost

Spatial Representation of Risk

Risk = Hazard x Physical Vulnerability x Cost/Quantity

Type of hazardIntensityDurationSpatial Extent

Type of elements at riskNumbersEconomic valueLocation

Flood Depth or Intensity

Vulnerability Elements-at-riskHazard

5 1025 1005 1025 100

Overlay of hazard & element at risk

Exposure

(Probability of occurrence) (Degree of losses to elements at risk) (Quantification of exposed elements)

Modeling + GIS RS + GIS

Field Data

Framework for Disaster Risk Assessment and Disaster Management

Hazard Inventory

Triggering Factors Elements at RiskEnvironmental Factors

GeologySoilLand-useTopographyHydrology

RainfallVolcanic EruptionEarthquake

LandslideFloodDroughtCycloneEarthquake

BuildingsInfrastructuresPopulationCritical FacilitiesLifelines

Spatio-Temporal Probability

Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability

Quantitative Risk Assessment (Absolute Risk)

Socio-Economic Factors

LivelihoodsLiteracyGenderPovertyCulture

Qualitative Risk Assessment (Relative Risk)

Damage-intensity Relationships

Disaster Management

Disaster PreparednessDisaster Mitigation (Risk Management) Disaster Response Disaster Recovery

Sahana Center of Excellence at AIT Geoinformatics

Sahana CEO @ AIT is a program

complementing Sentinel:

https://sentinel.tksc.jaxa.jp/sentinel2/MB_H

TML/About/About.htm

You can request for technical assistance

from if you haven't already

Continue offering, primarily Asia and the

Pacific with preparedness and response

solutions/services for building resilient

communities

Components for Em. Comm. & Resilience

1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment

2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness

3. Situational Reporting for Emergency

Coordination

4. Telecommunications resilience and

availability

Warnings and Telecom

ICTs enable the linking of physical world within which hazards occur and symbolic world of the human likely to be harmed by those hazards, so that they may take life saving action. But the effective linking of these worlds requires not only ICTs, but also the existence of institutions that allow for the effective mobilization of their potential

(Samarjiva: mobilizing ICTs for disaster warning, 2005)

Physical world wherehazards occur

Symbolic worldwhere action

originates

TV, Radio & Cell broadcasts

Mediatedinterpersonal

Warnings (telecom)

Warnings (telecom)

The physical, the symbolic & their linking through ICTs, simplified More time to run; more lives saved

Alerting/Warning Standard (EDXL-CAP)

ITU-T X.1303 Recommendation

All-Hazards All-media

TV SCROLLERSWEB ADSSPECIAL DEVICES

u

CAP

Alert Area Templates for Targeted Warning

1. Identify Risk (e.g Landslide)

2.Define targeted Alert area as a GIS Polygon

3. Assess whether the technology (e.g. cell towers) would cover the targeted area

Make the data available to the community and let them develop their own resilience plans

Telecom CDR (Big Data) Migration Patterns

Example of Open Signal data for TL

Components for Em. Comm. & Resilience

1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment

2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness

3. Situational Reporting for Emergency

Coordination

4. Telecommunications resilience and

availability

Situational Reporting

1.Victim calls or other calls

a hot-line

2.Filed observation (or

casualty-illness report

recorded

3.Situational-information is

processed

4.Response resources are

determined and deployed

Situational-Reporting (EDXL-SITREP)

1) SitRep: root element with qualifying elements

2) iReport: the type of report

• Field Observation: report sent by CERT members identifying incidents

• Situation Information: additional information for comprehensive information

• Response Resources: derived resources to deploy

• Casualty/Illness Summary: injury and health related information

• Management Summary: periodic summary of overall picture

Components for Em. Comm. & Resilience

1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment

2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness

3. Situational Reporting for Emergency

Coordination

4. Telecommunications resilience and

availability

Telecommunications Availability with RASTA

Early Warning NetworksStakeholders: ISRO, ...

Incident management:Stakeholders POLNET, NKN, RailNet

Participatory approach to evaluating telecoms and vulnerabilityes

Resilience of ICT infrastructure

Infrastructure Vulnerable to------------------ ------------------Submarine cables EarthquakesFibre optics Earthquakes, infrastructureMicrowave Cyclones, Wildfire, powerHF/VHF Sever weatherSatellite Solar flairs, space debris

ICT infrastructure ecosystem - is located in physical space- it is powered by energy sources- it is operated by people

Backhaul networks[issue] :: wired & wireless public networks depend on domestic and international backhaul networks for effective functioning[remedy] :: Competitive market approach to redundancy and business continuity (i.e. liberalized environments, multiple suppliers and technologies)

Congestion[issue] :: consequences of congestion for first responders are extremely serious. [remedy] :: is subscriptions to TETRA networks which are not interconnected to public networks

Optimizing the use of available networks

1) Understand the Coverings

2) Limit to the perfect Matchings

3) Optimize the objective subject to constraints (LP problem)

Hazards, Information, and Technology

Conduct a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

Identify the most versatile technologies

Steps to take and Recommendation we will make

1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment

2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness

3. Situational Reporting for Emergency

Coordination

4. Telecommunications resilience and

availability

Thank You

Nuwan WaidyanathaNuwan [AT] lirneasia [DOT] net