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Overview
Overview
H2O
Glycolysis
FIRST step in converting the energy in food into ATP.
Occurs in ALL organisms.Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
Go to Activity 6B (link to book)
Glycolysis
Summary - In glycolysis glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This change is accompanied by a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.
Although not shown 2 ATP are needed to get things started and 4
come out so in the end there is only a net gain of 2 ATP
Overview
Kreb Cycle
This cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
It turns Acetyl-CoA into CO2. In doing so it generates a pool of chemical energy (ATP, NADH, and FADH2).
Go to Activity 6C
Moving to the Mitochondria / Grooming of the pyruvate
The pyruvate must move from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria for the Kreb Cycle.
As it moves it loses carbon dioxide to form acetyl-CoA, a 2-carbon molecule.
This process creates NADH.
Kreb Cycle
Kreb Cycle
Kreb Cycle
Overview
Oxidative Phosphorylation
The pool of chemical energy created by glycolysis and the Kreb Cycle now moves to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (the squiggly line inside of a mitochondria.)
Go to Activity 6D
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Click on the picture to see it in action…
Overview
Go back to your overview & add
Fermentation
Fermentation is an anaerobic alternative to cellular respiration Under anaerobic conditions (AKA in the absence of
Oxygen), many kinds of cells can use glycolysis alone to produce small amounts of ATP
Go to Activity 6E
Fermentation
Type of Fermentation What it produces Where it occurs
AlcoholicNAD+, Alcohol and
CO2Cytoplasm of …
Yeast cells, bacteria
Lactic Acid NAD+ and lactic acidCytoplasm of …
Muscle cells, bacteria
NADH is oxidized to NAD+ while converting pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol
NAD NADH NADH NAD2 2 2 2
GLYCOLYSIS
2 ADP 2 P ATP
Glucose 2 Pyruvate
releasedCO2
2 Ethanol
22
Alcohol fermentation
NADH is oxidized to NAD+ as pyruvate is reduced to lactate
2 Lactate
NAD NADH NADH NAD2 2 22
2 ATP2 ADP 22 Pyruvate
GLYCOLYSIS
P
Glucose
Lactic acid fermentation
Molecular Breakdown And Synthesis
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all fuel cellular respiration when they are converted to the right molecules
Some begin with glycolysis while others the citric acid cycle
OXIDATIVEPHOSPHORYLATION
(Electron Transportand Chemiosmosis)
Food, such aspeanuts
Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids Amino acids
Aminogroups
Glucose G3P Pyruvate AcetylCoA
CITRICACID
CYCLE
ATP
GLYCOLYSIS
All organisms can harvest energy from organic molecules
Plants, but not animals can also make these molecules from inorganic sources by the process of photosynthesis The fuel for respiration ultimately comes from
photosynthesis
Cellular Energy