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CDMA Technology TrainingProgram
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Email hotline resource to assist our CDMA customers
worldwide
Experienced CDMA Engineers in our Engineering
Services Group will answer your technical questions
on topics including :
- Industry Standards - Network Planning
- Infrastructure Design - Network Optimization
- Voice Quality - Test Engineering
- System Design - Training
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SYSTEMARCHITECTURE
LINK STRUCTURE
CALL PROCESSING
FORWARD LINK
REVERSE LINK
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Reference Documentation
1. Viterbi, Andrew J. CDMA Principles of Spread
SpectrumCommunication. Addison-Wesley, 1995.2. Lee, Williaw C.Y. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications,2nd Edition. McGraw Hill, 1995.
3. Kim, Kyoung. Handbook of CDMA System Design,
Engineering, and Optimization. Prentice Hall, 2000.
4. Rappaport, T.S. Wireless Communication Principles
andPractice. Prentice Hall, 1996.
5. Yang, Samuel C. CDMA RF Systems
Engineering. Artech House Publishers, 1998.
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System ArchitectureSystem Architecture
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MSC
SMS-SCHLR
PublicTelephon
eNetwork
IS-95A/B SIMPLIFIED
ARCHITECTURE
IS-95A/B SIMPLIFIED
ARCHITECTURE
NSS
IS-634
A
IS-41CIS-41C
ISUP/CCS7
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSC
E1
BSS
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Mobile Station (MS)
Menterminasi jalur radio (radio path) pada sisi user danmemungkinkan user mengakses layanan-layanan dari jaringan.MS dapat berupa peralatan stand-alone atau dikombinasikan
dengan peralatan lain (PC, fax, dll).
BTS (Base Transceiver Station)
BTS terdiri dari satu atau lebih transceiver yang ditempatkanpada suatu lokasi tunggal, dan menterminasi jalur radio (radiopath) pada sisi jaringan. BTS dapat ditempatkan bersama dengan
BSC (co-located) atau ditempatkan secara terpisah.
BSC (Base Station Controller)
BSC merupakan sistem manajemen dan kontrol untuk satu ataulebih BTS. BSC mempertukarkan messages dengan BTS maupunMSC. Beberapa signalling messages dapat melalui BSC secaratransparan.
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MSC (Mobile Switching Center)
MSC merupakan suatu sistem otomatis yang menyediakan fungsiswitching trafik antara user (MS) dari jaringan wireless dengan jaringan PSTN atau jaringan wireless lain. MSC juga mendukung
fungsi billing, autentikasi dan fitur-fitur panggilan khusus.
HLR (Home Location Register)
HLR merupakan unit fungsional yang mengelola pelangganmobile dengan memelihara seluruh informasi pelanggan (ESN,directory number, IMSI, user profiles, current location). HLR dapat
co-located dengan MSC dan menjadi bagian integral dari MSCatau dapat terpisah dari MSC. Satu HLR dapat melayani multiMSC.
VLR (Visitor Location Register)
VLR merupakan unit fungsional yang secara dinamis menyimpaninformasi pelanggan (ESN, directory number, user profile
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Link StructureLink Structure
FORWARD LINK
REVERSE LINK
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Masing-masing kanal kode tsb disebarkan secara orthogonaldengan Fungsi Walsh yang sesuai dan kemudian disebarkansecara kuadratur dengan sepasang Short PN Code pada fixedchip rate1,2288 Mcps.
Pilot(W0)
F-TCH (W8 - W20)
Sync(W32)
F-TCH (W21 - 31)
Paging (W1 -W7)
F-TCH (W33 W63)
BTS
Mobile Station
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Forward CDMAChannel
PilotCh
Paging Ch 1
PagingCh 7
Traffic Ch
1
Traffic Ch24
SyncCh
Traffic Ch25
Traffic Ch55
W0 W1 W7 W8 W3
1
W3
2
W3
3
W6
3
Penetapan Kode Walsh untuk Forward CDMA Channelyang dipancarkan oleh Base Station
Fundamental
PowerControl
Sub-Channel
Supplemental Code 1
(up to 7max)
To 1 user :
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Merupakan sinyal spektrum tersebar tak bermodulasiyang dipancarkan terus-menerus oleh Base Station.
Digunakan oleh Mobile Station untuk keperluan
sinkronisasi sistem awal.
Memberikan referensi fasa bagi Mobile Station untukkeperluan deteksi koheren.
Digunakan untuk mengukur kuat sinyal dalam
mendukung proses handoff. Menggunakan kode Walsh 0 (W0).
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+
+
+
PilotChannel
All 0s
W01,2288 Mcps
I-Channel pilot PNchips 1,2288 Mcps
Q-Channel pilot PNchips 1,2288 Mcps
I
Q
Baseband Filter
Baseband Filter
cos0t
sin 0t
s(t
)
I (t)
Q (t)
PEMBANGKITAN PILOT CHANNELPEMBANGKITAN PILOT CHANNEL
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Digunakan oleh MS untuk mendapatkan informasi timing daninformasi khusus sel.
Disebarkan dengan kode Walsh 32 (W32) pada kecepatan chip1,2288 Mcps dan dipancarkan oleh Base Station secara kontinyu.
Untuk suatu base station tertentu, Sync Channel menggunakan pilot
PN offset yang sama seperti pada Pilot Channel. Pesan-pesan yang dimuat di dalam Sync Channel adalah :
Pilot PN Offset
System Time
State of the Long PN CodeCommon Air Interface Revision Level
System ID
Network ID
Paging Channel Data Rate (4,8 kbps atau 9,6 kbps)
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PEMBANGKITAN SYNC CHANNELPEMBANGKITAN SYNC CHANNEL
Convolution
al Encoder
R = 1/2, K =9
SymbolRepetition
BlockInterleaver
BB Filter
BB Filter
Sync
Channel
Message
1,2kbps
Codesymbol
2,4ksps
Modulation
symbol
4,8 kspsModulati
onsymbol
4,8 ksps
W32
PN chips1,2288Mcps+
+
+
I-channel pilot PNsequence, 1.2288
Mcps
Q-channel pilotPN sequence,1.2288 Mcps
I
Q
I(t)
Q (t)
cos0t
sin 0t
s(t)
32bits/26,667ms
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Digunakan oleh sistem CDMA untuk mengirimkan pesan-pesanoverhead dan pesan-pesan yang ditujukan kepada MS.
Paging channel mengirimkan informasi pada kecepatan data 9600atau 4800 bps dengan durasi frame 20 ms.
Kode Walsh 1 sampai 7 dapat digunakan untuk paging channel.Tetapi operator dapat menggunakan kurang dari 7 kanal paging.
Pesan-pesan yang dimuat dalam Paging channel antara lain :
System parameters Message
Neighbour List Message
Access Parameters Message
CDMA Channel List Message
Slotted Page
Channel Assignment
Feature Notification
(pilot PN sequence offset,BS identifier, no. ofpaging ch., etc.)
(neighbor pilot PN sequence offset)
(defines parameters needed by MS to transmit on
an access ch.)
(informs the mobile that it can receive a call)
(informs the mobile of the new CDMA freq. that itshould tune to)
(supply display information to be displayed by
MS)
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PEMBANGKITAN PAGING CHANNELPEMBANGKITAN PAGING CHANNEL
Convolution
al Encoder
R = 1/2, K =9
SymbolRepetition
BlockInterleaver
BB Filter
BB Filter
Paging
Channel
Message
9,6kbps4,8kbps
Codesymbol
19,2 ksps9,6 ksps
Modulation
symbol
19,2ksps
Modulationsymbol 19,2
ksps
WalshFunction
pPN chips1,2288Mcps+
+
+
I-channel pilot PN
sequence, 1.2288Mcps
Q-channel pilotPN sequence,1.2288 Mcps
I
Q
I(t)
Q (t)
cos0t
sin 0t
s(t)
+Data
scrambler
Long CodeGenerator
Decimator
19,2ksps
Long Code Maskfor PagingChannel P
192 bit/20ms96 bit/20 ms
i ii i
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Digunakan untuk pengiriman informasi user daninformasi signaling ke Mobile Station selamapanggilan.
Base station mengirimkan informasi dalam ForwardTraffic Channel pada bit rate yang bervariasi, yaitu :9600, 4800, 2400 dan 1200 bps.
Setiap kanal trafik dibedakan secara unik dengankode Walsh.
Kode Walsh yang sudah dialokasikan untuk suatu MSdalam suatu sel omni (atau sektor), tidak dapatdigunakan oleh MS lain di dalam sel/sektor tersebutselama berlangsungnya pembicaraan.
Forward Traffic channel dapat terdiri dari
T i i CT i i C
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Fundamental & Supplementary
Code Channel
Fundamental & Supplementary
Code Channel
WalshCode i
WalshCode i
+ 1
Fundamen
tal
Supplement
al
Power
Control Sub-channel
Traffic Channel consisting of 2 CodeChannels
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Fundamental Code Channel
digunakan untuk mengirimkan data user, signallingdan power control sub-channel
Supplemental Code Channel
menyediakan kemampuan high speed data bagipelanggan.
Bit rate dari suatu Fundamental Code Channel tunggaldibatasi oleh format frame Rate Set.
Forward Traffic Channel dapat memuat beberapaSupplemental Channel untuk menyediakan bit rate
yang diperlukan.
Setiap Supplemental Code Channels memerlukan suatukode Walsh tambahan yang unik.
Supplemental Code Channel selalu memancar padarate maksimum untuk rate set yang digunakan dantidak membawa informasi signalling atau power control
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STRUKTUR LENGKAP FORWARD TRAFFIC
CHANNEL
STRUKTUR LENGKAP FORWARD TRAFFIC
CHANNEL
Convolutional Encoder
R = 1/2, K =9
SymbolRepetitio
n
BlockInterleav
er
+
+
I-channel pilot PNsequence, 1.2288
Mcps
Q-channel pilotPN sequence,1.2288 Mcps
I
Q
s(t)
Walsh
Functionn
PN chips1,2288Mcps+
Long CodeGenerator
Decimator
19,2 kspsLong Code
Mask for user
m
Add 8-bit
EncoderTail
Add CRCfor 9600 &4800 bps
Rates
FTCInformationbits for userm (172, 80,40 or 16
bits/frame)8.6kbps4.0kbps2.0kbps0.8kbps
9.2kbps4.4kbps2.0kbps0.8kbps
9.6kbps4.8kbps2.4kbps1.2kbps
19.2kbps9.6kbps4.8kbps1.2kbps
19.2kbps
Codesymbol
Modsymbol Mod
symbol
19.2kbps
I(t)
Q (t)
cos0t
sin 0t
BBFilte
r
BB
Filter
MUX
Powercontrolbits, 800bps
Datascrambler19.2
kbps
Decimator
1.2288 Mcps
800 Hz
1 :24
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Rate
Sets
Rate
Sets Rate Set adalah suatu set format frame kanaltrafik.
Setiap set terdiri dari 4 bit rate, yang bisamembawa suara, user data atau signalling.
Dalam sistem cdmaOne didefinisikan 2 macamRate Set.
Rate Set 1 mendukung kecepatan bit maksimum
8550, dengan tambahan 1050 bit overhead,sehingga total kecepatan maksimum = 9600bps.
Rate Set 2 mendukung kecepatan bit maksimum
13.300 bps, dengan tambahan bit-bit overhead,sehin a total kece atan maksimum = 14.400
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Kategori
Trafik
Kategori
Trafik Primary Traffic : User Voice Secondary Traffic : User data other than voice
Signalling : Call control messaging
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Primary Traffic Frame Sizes - Rate Set 1Primary Traffic Frame Sizes - Rate Set 1
Full Rate
Half Rate
QuarterRate
EighthRate
1 171bits
12 bitCRC
8 Tailbits
8 bit CRC 8 Tailbits
80 bits
8 Tail
bits
8 Tailbits
40 bits
16 bits
Mode Bit 0
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Primary Traffic Frame Sizes - Rate Set 2Primary Traffic Frame Sizes - Rate Set 2
Full Rate
Half Rate
QuarterRate
EighthRate
1 267bits
12 bitCRC
8 Tailbits
ErasureBit
1 125bits
10 bitCRC
8 Tailbits
1 55 bits 8 bit CRC 8 Tail
bits
1 21 bits 6 bit CRC 8 Tailbits
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MultiplexingMultiplexing
Multiplex Option 1
Sistem cdmaOne memultipleks signalling dan datadengan sinyal voice.
Multiplexing dapat juga digunakan untukmengirimkan secondary userdata signal melaluikanal trafik yang sama.
Untuk Rate Set 1, multiplexing hanya dilakukanpada Full Rate.
Pengiriman data melalui kanal-kanal CDMAdistandarisasi dalam IS-707.
Multiplex Option 2
Multiplex option juga didefinisikan untuk Rate Set2.
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MULTIPLEXING Option 2 (b)
MM = 0
7200 bps Primary
Traffic Only 11 124 bits124 bits 10bit10bit 8 bits8 bits
Primary Traffic CRC Tail
MM =
1
7200 bps Dim and
Burst with rate 1/4
Primary andSignaling traffic
11 33 54 bits54 bits 67 bits67 bits 10 bit10 bit 8 bits8 bitsFM =
000Primary Traffic
Signaling Traffic CRC Tail
7200 bps Dim and
Burst with rate 1/8
Primary and
Signaling trafficMM =
1
11 33 20 bits20 bits 101 bits101 bits 10 bit10 bit 8 bits8 bits
FM =
0001Primary Traffic Signaling Traffic CRC Tail
MM =
1
7200 bps Blank andBurst with
Signaling traffic
11 33 121 bits121 bits 10 bit10 bit 8 bits8 bitsFM =
0010 Primary TrafficCRC Tail
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MULTIPLEXING Option 2 (c)
MM = 0
3600 bps Primary
Traffic Only 11 54 bits54 bits 8 bit8 bit 8 bits8 bits
Primary Traffic CRC Tail
MM =
1
3600 bps Dim and
Burst with rate 1/8Primary and
Signaling traffic
11 22 20 bits20 bits 32 bits32 bits 8 bit8 bit 8 bits8 bitsFM =
00Primary Traffic
Signaling Traffic CRC Tail
MM =
1
3600 bps Blank and
Burst with
Signaling traffic
11 22 52 bits52 bits 8 bit8 bit 8 bits8 bits
FM =
01 Primary TrafficCRC Tail
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Service
Options
Service
Options Service Options merupakan suatu kapabilitaslayanan yang ditawarkan oleh sistem. Pilihanlayanan dapat berupa aplikasi seperti suara, dataatau fax.
TSB-58 mendefinisikan sejumlah pilihan layanan :
8K voice
8K Mobile Station Loopback
EVRC (Enhanced Variable Rate Coder)
Async Data (Rate Set 1)
Group 3 Fax (Rate Set 1)
Short Message Services (Rate Set 1)
dan lain-lain
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Reverse CDMA Link adalah link antara Mobile Stationdan Base Station
ReverseTrafficChannel
Access Channel
Rever
seTra
ffic
Channel
BaseStation
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Reverse CDMA LinkReverse CDMA Link
Secara substansial berbeda dengan forward link.
Perbedaan utama terletak pada persyaratan powercontrol dan sifat non-coherent dari reverse link.
Reverse CDMA channel diidentifikasi dengan pergeseranwaktu yang unik dari Long PN Code. Ingat bahwa PN
Code yang digeser waktunya, mempunyai korelasi yangsangat kecil satu sama lain.
Pelanggan-pelanggan dalam arah reverse dibedakanmelalui pergeseran unik dari Long PN Code.
Terdapat dua tipe kanal pada arah reverse :
Access Channel
Reverse Traffic Channel
Data yang ditransmisikan pada reverse CDMA channeldikelompokkan dalam frame 20 ms.
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Reverse CDMA Channel
Access CH
1
Contoh kanal-kanal reverse CDMAyang diterima pada suatu base station
Access CH
2
Access CH
n
Traffic CH
1
Traffic CH
2
Traffic CH
m
Addressed by long code PN sequence
Fundamental Code Ch
SupplementCode Ch
SupplementCode Ch
SupplementCode Ch
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Access Channel adalah suatu reverse CDMAcode channel yang digunakan oleh MS untukmemulai komunikasi dengan base station
dan untuk meresponpesan kanal paging. Satu atau lebihAccess Channel dipasangkan
dengan setiap kanal paging
Kecepatan data access channel adalah
konstan pada 4800 bps dan mempunyaidurasi frame 20 ms.
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gg
STRUKTUR ACCESS CHANNELSTRUKTUR ACCESS CHANNEL
Convolutional Encoder
R = 1/3, K =9
Symbol
Repetition
Block
Interleaver
+
+
I-ChannelSequence, 1.2288
Mcps
Q-ChannelSequence, 1.2288
Mcps
I
Q
s(t)+Long CodeGenerator
LongCodeMask
Add 8-bitEncoderTail (96
bits/frame)
Codesymbol
28.8ksps
Modsymbol(Walshchip)
I(t)
Q (t)
cos0t
sin 0t
BBFilte
r
BBFilte
r
PN chip
1.2288Mcps
D
1/2 PN chip
Delay =406.9 ns
4.8 ksps (307.2kcps)
64-ary
OrthogonalModulato
r
Codesymbol
28.8ksps
Codesymbol
14.4ksps
4.8 kbps4.4 kbps
Access
ChannelMessage
(88bits/frame)
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ACCESS CHANNELMESSAGE
RegistrationMemberitahu BS mengenai status lokasi MS, identifikasi danparameter-parameter lain. Ini diperlukan agar BS dapat secaraefisien memanggil MS ketika membangun hubungan.
Order
Typical Order message : BS Challenge, SSD Update Confirmation,
SSD Update Registration, MS Acknowledgement, Local ControlResponse, MS Reject.
Data Burst
Data message yang dibangkitkan user dan dikirimkan oleh MS keBS.
OriginationMemungkinkan MS untuk menempatkan suatu call - mengirimkandialed digits.
Page Response
Respon MS terhadap suatu page atau slotted-page dalammelanjutkan proses penerimaan panggilan.
Authentication Challenge Response
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gg
Reverse Traffic Channel (RTC) digunakan untukpengiriman informasi user dan signalling ke BS selamapanggilan.
RTC dapat menggunakan kecepatan transmisi yangbervariasi, yaitu : 9,6/4,8/2,4 atau 1,2 kbps
Pada pembentukan RTC digunakan skema modulasiorthogonal yang diikuti oleh data burst randomizer.Data burst randomizer menentukan kapan pemancar
MS harus OFF untuk mengurangi daya pancar rata-rata (memanfaatkan periode berkurangnya aktivitaspembicaraan).
Supplemental channel dapat digunakan sesuaikebutuhan untuk mendukung high speed data pada
reverse link. Supplemental channel tersebut dikirimkandengan offset unik dari Long PN Code.
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STRUKTUR REVERSE TRAFFIC CHANNELSTRUKTUR REVERSE TRAFFIC CHANNEL
Convolutional Encoder
R = 1/3, K =9
Symbol
Repetition
Block
Interleaver
+
+
I-ChannelSequence, 1.2288
Mcps
Q-ChannelSequence, 1.2288
Mcps
I
Q
s(t)+Long CodeGenerator
Long CodeMask
Add 8-bit
EncoderTail
Codesymbol
28.8ksps
Modsymbol(Walshchip)
I(t)
Q (t)
cos0t
sin 0t
BBFilte
r
BBFilte
r
PN chip
1.2288Mcps
D
1/2 PN chip
Delay =406.9 ns
4.8 ksps (307.2kcps)
64-ary
OrthogonalModulato
r
Codesymbol
28.8ksps
Codesymbol
28.8ksps
Add
CRC
RATE SET1 :9600 ,4800,2400 ,1200
RATE SET 2 :14400 , 7200 ,
3600 , 1800
860040002000800bps
13400630028001100bps
920044002000800bps
Info
bits
DataBurst
Randomizer
Frame DataRate
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DATA BURST RANDOMIZER
Output RTC Interleaver dibuka dengan suatu time filteryang memungkinkan pengiriman simbol-simbol tertentudari output interleaver dan menghapus simbol-simbolyang lain. Transmission gating process bervariasi sesuai
dengan kecepatan data yang dikirimkan.
Proses pembukaan (gating process) dilakukan denganmembagi frame 20 ms kedalam 16 PCG (Power ControlGroup) yang diberi nomor dari 0 s/d 15.
Pengaturan gated-on dan gated-off dinamakan databurstrandomizing.
MS memancar pada level daya normal hanya selamaperiode gated-on. Selama periode gated-off, MS akanmengurangi daya output rata-ratanya minimal 20 dB dari
level daya rata-rata PCG.
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12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15
12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15
12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15
PreviousFrame
192 bits (20 ms) = 192 x 3 code symbols = 576 symbols = 96modulation symbols 16 PCGs
12 bits (1.25 ms) = 12 x 3 code symbols = 36 code symbols = 6modulation symbols = 1 PCG
PreviousFrame
96 bits (20 ms) = 96 x 3 x 2 code symbols = 576 code symbols = 96modulation symbols 16 PCGs
6 bits (1.25 ms) = 18 x 2 code symbols = 36 code symbols = 6 modulationsymbols = 1 PCG
48 bits (20 ms) = 48 x 3 x 4 code symbols = 576 code symbols = 96 modulationsymbols 16 PCGs
3 bits (1.25 ms) = 9 x 4 code symbols = 36 code symbols = 6 modulationsymbols = 1 PCG
PreviousFrame
PreviousFrame
24 bits (20 ms) = 24 x 3 x 8 code symbols = 576 code symbols = 96 modulationsymbols 16 PCGs1.5 bits (1.25 ms) = 1.5 x 3 x 8 code symbols = 36 code symbols = 6
modulation symbols = 1 PCG
9600bps
frame
4800bpsframe
2400bpsframe
1200bpsframe
The data burst randomizer pulse trainThe data burst randomizer pulse train
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Call ProcessingCall Processing
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Call ProcessingStates
Call ProcessingStates
MS Initialization State
Dalam kondisi ini, MS memilih dan mendapatkansistem CDMA.
MS Idle State
Dalam kondisi ini, MS memonitor pesan-pesan yangterdapat pada Paging Channel.
System Access State
Dalam kondisi ini, MS mengirimkan pesan-pesan ke BSpada Access Channel
MS Control on the Traffic Channel State
Dalam kondisi ini, MS berkomunikasi dengan BS
melalui Forward dan Reverse Traffic Channel.
Terdiri dari kondisi-kondisi sebagai berikut :
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Power Up
Mobile Station
Initialization
State
Mobile Station
Access State
Mobile Station
Control on
Traffic Channel
State
Initialization
Task
Mobile Station
Idle State
Begin analog
mode operation
End analog
mode operation
Mobile Station has fully
acquired system timing
Receives a paging channel
message requiring ACK or
response ; Or originate a
call or performs registrstion
Mobile unable to
receive paging
channel
Receives an ACK to an access
channel transmission other than
an Origination Msg or a Page
Response Message
End use of
traffic channel
Directed to a
Traffic channel
Call ProcessingStates
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Block Diagram of Call Processing
PILOT AND SYNCH
CHANNEL PROCESSING
PAGING CHANNEL
PROCESSING
ACCESS CHANNEL
PROCESSING
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
PROCESSING
Base Station
INITIALIZATION STATE
IDLE STATE
SYSTEM ACCESS
STATE
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
STATE
Mobile
PILOT :
POWER, PHASE, TIMING
SYNCH CHANNEL
MESSAGE
OVERHEAD
INFORMATION
MOBILE DIRECTED
MESSAGE
RESPONSE ACCESS
REQUEST ACCESS
VOICE & MESSAGE
Initialization
Complete
Base Station
Access Required
Call Set Up
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Initialization State : Part 1
SystemDetermination
Substate
Acquire pilot
channel for theCDMA channel
selected
Has pilot been
acquiredwithin T20m(=15 sec) ?
1
2
No
Yes
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2
Initialization State : Part 2
Acquires Sync ChMessage
Is a valid SyncCh Message
receivedwithin T21m(=1) sec ?
IsMOB_P_REVp MIN_P_REVr ?
1
Acquire timingand synchronizewith the system
Idle State
No
No
Yes
Yes
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MS IdleState
Update OverheadInformation
substate
Page Responsesubstate
Mobile StationOrder/Message
Responsesubstate
RegistrationAccess
substate
MS Origination
Attemptsubstate
MS Message Transmissionsubstate
MS Controlon theTraffic
Channel
Enter Received pagemessage or slottedpage message
Received message ororder requiring an ACKor response
Registratio
n access
User
initiated acall
Usergenerateddata burstmessage
System Access State
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SystemAccess
State
Traffic ChannelInitialization Substate
Waiting for Order Substate
Waiting for MS AnswerSubstate
Conversation Substate
Release Substate
System Determination
Substate of the MSInitialization State
MS originated call and MSreceives a BS ACK order on theFTC.
Receives a maintenanceorder or an alert withinformation message
Receives maintenanceorder
MS user answercall
MS user initiatesdisconnect or MSreceives releaseorder
Receives alertwith informationmessage
Receivesrelease order
Receivesrelease
order
MS terminated call and MSreceives a BS ACK order on
the FTC
MS Control on the Traffic ChState
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THANK YOUcomments please welcome
THANK YOUcomments please welcome
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PAGING CHANNEL LONG CODE MASKPAGING CHANNEL LONG CODE MASK
1100011001101 00000 PCN 000000000000 PILOT-PN
41 29 28 24 23 21 20 9 8 0
PCN : Paging Channel Number
PILOT-PN : Pilot sequence offset index for the forward CDMA Channel
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FTC PUBLIC LONG CODE MASKFTC PUBLIC LONG CODE MASK
1100011000 Permuted ESN
41 32 31 0
The bit allocation for ESNThe bit allocation for ESN31 24 23 18 17 0
Electronic Serial Number (32 bits)
Manufacturers Code
8 bits
Reserved
6 bits
Serial Number
18 bits
Permuted ESN :
E0, E31, E22, E13, E4, E26, E17, E8, E30, E21, E12, E3, E25, E16,E7, E29, E20, E11, E2, E24, E15, E6, E28, E19, E10, E1, E23, E14,
E5, E27, E18, E9
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I(t)
Q(t)
0
-1
1
0
-
1
1
t
t
0 0 0 0 0
111
0 0
1 1 1 1 1
0
s(t)
0
-1
1
0(
t)
2
-2
The pilot channel QPSK waveform
plot
The pilot channel QPSK waveform
plot
(1,1)
(-1,1)
(1,-1)
(-1,-1)
(1,-1)
(1,-1)
(-1,1)
(1,-1)
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ACCESS CHANNEL LONG CODE MASKACCESS CHANNEL LONG CODE MASK
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 ACN PCN BASE-ID PILOT-PN
41 33 32 28 27 25 24 9 8 0
ACN : Access Channel Number
PCN : Paging Channel NumberBASE-ID : Base Station Identification
PILOT-PN : Pilot sequence offset index for the forward CDMA Channel
MSB LSB
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RTC PUBLIC LONG CODE MASKRTC PUBLIC LONG CODE MASK
1100011000 Permuted ESN
41 32 31 0
The bit allocation for ESNThe bit allocation for ESN31 24 23 18 17 0
Electronic Serial Number (32 bits)
Manufacturers Code
8 bits
Reserved
6 bits
Serial Number
18 bits
Permuted ESN :
E0, E31, E22, E13, E4, E26, E17, E8, E30, E21, E12, E3, E25, E16,E7, E29, E20, E11, E2, E24, E15, E6, E28, E19, E10, E1, E23, E14,