Frank Kluger, I. Abdulally, H. Andrus, A. Levasseur, C.Beal, J.Marion

Overview of Alstom’s Chemical Looping Programs

5Th Meeting of the IEAGHG International Oxyfuel Combustion Research Network

Wuhan, China - October 28, 2015

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 2

Chemical Looping ProcessAdvanced oxy combustion technology without ASUs

Transformational coal power technology

Fuel reactor Air reactor((Reducer) (Oxidizer)

Ash

Particulate control

Desulfurization/Particulate control

FGC, Flue gas condenser

GPU, Gas processing unit

To storage

CO2

Water

• No cryogenic air separation unit (ASU)• No large gas recirculation• Two interconnected CFB boilers• Limestone or metal oxide powder as oxygen carrier

Purification

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 3

• Product Attributes:– Lowest cost option for coal Power Generation

with CCS– Lowest energy penalty – Fuel flexible– Near zero emissions– Useful solid ash by-product– Application flexible

– Coal power, syngas, hydrogen– Feasible with CFB basis

• Targets:– Efficiency <10% CCS penalty vs Plant w/o CCS – LCoE <30% increase vs. Plant without CCS

(stretch target < 20%)– CO2 Capture Cost < $25/ton

(stretch target < $15/ton) 550 MWe Chemical Looping Combustion

Steam Generator

CLC Power Plant

Chemical Looping PlantProduct Vision and Market

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 4

CFD Modeling, Controls and Tool Development

Pilot Plant

Demonstration

2016-2020

2000-2008 Commercial Scale

2020-2025

Bench Tests

1996-2000

65 kWth

10 - 50 MWe

>100 MWe

Reference Design Studies

Cold Flow Models

Prototype

Alstom - Chemical Looping ProcessManaged Development and Scale-up Steps

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 5

CFD Modeling, Controls and Tool Development

Pilot Plant

Demonstration

2016-2020

2000-2008 Commercial Scale

2020-2025

Bench Tests

1996-2000

65 kWth

10 - 50 MWe

>100 MWe

Reference Design Studies

Cold Flow Models

Prototype

Alstom - Chemical Looping ProcessManaged Development and Scale-up Steps

We are here, Significant progress made1st Worldwide to achieve “Auto Thermal Operation”

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 6

Alstom’s Chemical Looping DevelopmentTwo Programs

Alstom is pursuing two different chemical looping technologies

Metal-oxide based Limestone based• EU co-funded • US DOE co-funded• Metal based oxygen carriers such

as Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu.• Focus on Fe ores ---- ilmenite

(FeTiO3) ore

• Limestone-based oxygen carrier –CaS, CaSO4

• Abundant; environmentally benign,inexpensive

• Built-in sulfur control

• Process based on CFB flow regime• Carbon stripper for minimizing

unburned carbon

• Process based on solids transport regime

• Sorbent reactivation for increased limestone utilization

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 7

MeOx-Based Chemical Looping ProcessAlstom Development History

MeOx-Based Chemical Looping Program

Date Project Title

2002-2003 Grace-EU-FP5CLC Development for Gaseous Fuels – 10 kWth

Testing (Chalmers), 70 MWe CLC CFB Design (Alstom)

2004-2007 ENCAP-EU-FP6CLC Development for Solid Fuels – 10 kWth

Testing (Chalmers), 455 MWe CLC CFB Design (Alstom)

2006-2008 CLC Gaspower -EU-FP6

CLC Development for Gaseous Fuels – 10 kWth Long-Term Testing (Chalmers), 120 kWthTesting (Vienna), 70 MWe CLC CFB Design (Alstom)

2008-2015 EU-ÉCLAIR/ACCLAIM (RFCS)

CLC Development for Solid Fuels – 100 kWth Testing (Chalmers), 1 MWth Testing (Darmstadt), Industrial Design and Product Assessment (Alstom)

Darmstadt University 1 MWth Prototype

Chalmers University10 kWth and 100 kWth Pilot Facilities

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 8

Alstom MeOx Testing ProgramMetal Oxide-based Process

ÉCLAIR & ACCLAIM Programs: 1MWth MeOx Prototype in Darmstadt:• Goals:

– Design and operation of a 1 MWth CLC with coal – Assess technical, environmental, economical potential– Improve conversion efficiency

• Results:– Gasification conditions achieved – Autothermal combustion achieved

• Partners:

100 kWth Pilot Plant Cold Flow Model

ACCLAIM

TECHN SCHEIUN VERS TÄTI IDARMSTADT

MeOx Supporting Tests:• 100 kWth pilot and cold flow model at Chalmers Univ.• Goals:

– Validation of solids circulation on cold flow model – Parametric test on the 100 kWth

• Path Forward:– Tests planned with alternative oxygen carriers (iron

ore) to improve conversion efficiency

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 9

Limestone-Based Chemical Looping (LCL™) ProcessAlstom Development History

65kW PDU

3MWth Prototype

Limestone-Based Chemical Looping Program

Date Project Title

2000-2002 Alstom Bench Scale Kinetics & Engineering Feasibility

2003 Alstom Design and Build LCL PDU

2003-2004 Alstom/DOE Combustion and Gasification looping test

2005-2006 Alstom/DOE Calcium looping - WGS- H2 Production and CO2Capture

2006-2008 Alstom/DOE Convert PDU to 65 kWth Pilot Plant - Two fans, Automatic Controls Concepts

2008-2012 Alstom/DOE Installation and Testing of 3 MWth Prototype

2012-2013 Alstom/DOE LCL-CTM Techno-economic Assessment and Gap Analysis

2013-2016 Alstom/DOE 3 MWth LCL-CTM Prototype and Support Testing to Address Gaps

2013-2017 Alstom/DOE LCL-GTM Testing at Bench , 100mm Pilot and 3 MWth Prototype

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 10

Limestone Chemical Looping (LCL™) DevelopmentAdvanced Oxy Combustion – Project Objectives and StatusDOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement • Bench-scale testing and engineering studies • Techno-economic studies on 4 LCL-C™ cases

DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement• Address main technology gaps

− Various bench and pilot support testing

− 3 MWth prototype tests incorporating system modifications

− Update techno-economic study

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 11

Chemical Looping DevelopmentUS DOE-sponsored techno-economic analysis

• Conducted techno-economic analysis following DOE’s strict evaluation/estimation procedure

• All cases for constant 550 MW(net) output• Design parameters dictated by US DOE Quality

Guidelines for Energy Systems Studies• Baseline case: US DOE study results for 550-MW

supercritical, pulverized coal plant without CCS• Another comparison case: US DOE SC oxy-PC

performance data• Process modeling using Aspen Plus and

Thermoflow• Performance evaluation based on available test

data (e.g., 3-MWth pilot testing used for chemical looping performance)

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 12

Techno-Economic Study: LCL-Combustion

Study Cases: (Applying DOE Economic Methodologies and Guidelines)

• Case 1 – LCL-C™ system using transport reactors

• Case 2 – LCL-C™ system with the Reducer reactor in the CFB mode

• Case 3 – LCL-C™ system of Case 1 with an advanced ultra-supercritical (AUSC, 350bar/730oC/760oC) steam cycle

• Case 4 – LCL-C™ system with pressurized Reducer reactor with an AUSC steam cycle

Comparison Basis:• State-of-the-art SCPC case – Case 11 from Cost and Performance

Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants Volume 1, DOE/NETL-2010/1397

• 1st generation Oxy-combustion PC case – Case 5 from Pulverized Coal Oxy-combustion Power Plants, DOE/NETL-2007/1291

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 13

Chemical Looping DevelopmentUS DOE-sponsored techno-economic analysis

Baseline:US DOE SCPC

plant, no capture

US DOE Oxy SCPC plant

Alstom SC Chem Loop Plant,

case (a)Nominal output (net, MW) 550 550 550Capacity factor (%) 85 85 85HHV efficiency (% HHV) 39.3 29.3 35.8CO2 capture (%) 0 93 97CO2 emitted rate (lb/MWh) 1210 113 40EPC overnight cost ($/kW) 2452 3977 2795Cost of Electricity Breakdown

Fuel ($/MWh) 25.53 34.25 28.04Capital ($/MWh) 38.19 66.23 46.55O&M fixed ($/MWh) 9.48 14.24 10.58O&M variable ($/MWh) 7.74 9.54 11.53T&S adder to COE ($/MWh) 0 8.29 7.08

1st yr COE (w/o T&S, $/MWh) 80.95 124.25 96.7LCOE (w/o T&S, $/MWh) 102.64 157.55 122.62Fuel cost ($/MMBtu) 2.94 2.94 2.94Construction period (yrs) 5 5 5Operational period (yrs) 30 30 30% Increase – Levelized COE 53.5 19.5

Alstom: > 95%DOE goal: >90%

Alstom: <20%DOE goal: <35%

40th Clearwater Conference - Levasseur 3 June 2015© ALSTOM 2014. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

INSERT IMAGE HERE(Ideally as high resolution as possible)

Relocation of Alstom Power Plant Labs and Chemical Looping pilotDec. 2013 to June 2015

Alstom Clean Energy Lab Inauguration – 21 August 2015

DOE leaders with Alstom staff at CLC pilots

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 15

Alstom LCL™ Testing ProgramLimestone-based Process

• Main objectives: – Autothermal operation of 3-MWth prototype in

combustion mode– Address technical gaps through prototype testing– Obtain info to design, build and operate a demo plant

• Achievement: – First autothermal operation achieved in July 2012; – 500+ hrs of operation – Recent steps:

Relocated 3-MWth pilot completed in 2015 Commissioned and ran pilot in July 2015 Further develop LCL™ process

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 16

Limestone Chemical Looping (LCL™) DevelopmentAdvanced Gasification – Project Objectives and Status

Objective:To further develop LCL-G™ technology for generation of high-H2 syngas from coal for liquid fuel production and/or power generation with CO2 capture.

Scope: • Small-scale developmental testing (including

100mm diameter 50ft LCL-G pilot tests) • Cold flow model testing• Computational modeling simulations• 3.0 MWth prototype testing• Techno-economic assessments

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 17

Alstom Chemical Looping Summary

• A break-through technology (efficiency & economics)−Lowest LCoE of all known coal power with CCS options−Basis in CFB boilers and steam power plant technology

• A flexible technology (new or retrofit) to produce syngas, hydrogen or power

• Chemical Looping Combustion (MeOx and Limestone-based) being validated at 1 to 3 MWth prototype scale

• Technical challenges remain, which are being addressed at pilot scale

• Before commercial unit, a demonstration steam generator unit ~10-50 MWe scale is needed

Potential of being the lowest cost CO2 capture option for coal

© ALSTOM 2015. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

IEAGHG Int. Oxyfuel Combustion Network – Alstom Chemical Looping – J. Marion – 28 Oct. 2015 – P 18

Acknowledgements and Disclaimer

AcknowledgementSome of work presented was supported by the U S Department of Energy through the National Energy Technology Laboratories The guidance and direction of NETL is acknowledged and appreciated.

DisclaimerParts of this presentation were prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

Information disclosed herein is furnished to the recipient solely for the use thereof as has been agreed upon with ALSTOM and all rights to such information are reserved by ALSTOM. The recipient of the information disclosed herein agrees, as a condition of its receipt of such information, that ALSTOM shall have no liability for any direct or indirect damages including special, punitive, incidental, or consequential damages caused by, or arising from, the recipient’s use or non-use of the information

THANKS TO MANY PARTNERS WHO HAVE SUPPORTED AND/OR WORKED WITH ALSTOM ON THE EFFORTS PRESENTED.

PARTICULAR ACKNOWLEGEMENT TO

US DOE NETL, EU Frame Program, EU RFCS,

www.alstom.com