Overview of ATS trends in East and Southeast Asia
Presentation to Global SMART Programme Regional WorkshopShawn Kelley
Research AnalystGlobal SMART Programme
Bangkok, Thailand5 August 2010
Structure
1. Overview of drug trends in East and Southeast Asia
2. ATS trends in East and Southeast Asia
3. Key points
• Opium: cultivation limited• Heroin: re-emerging threat• Cannabis: increasing use• Inhalants/solvents: young users
Sources: World Drug Report 2010; Opium Poppy Cultivation in SE Asia 2009; DAINAP.
Drug trend in East and South-East Asia
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
'87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09
Hect
ares
+40%
210,400
24,20033,810
Opium poppy cultivation in Southeast Asia 1987 to 2009 (in ha)
Source: Opium Poppy Cultivation in SE Asia 2009.
Structure
1. Overview of drug trends in East and Southeast Asia
2. ATS trends in East and Southeast Asia
3. Key points
ATS trends
• Use: Half of global users in AsiaInjecting use of methamphetamineInjecting use and HIV
• Treatment: increasing demand Under-resourced
• Arrests: Increased each year since 2004 Burden the justice system
Sources: World Drug Report 2010, p. 216; DAINAP. UNAIDS, Indonesia country report, 2010; UNGASS, Malaysia country report, 2010; SODC/ADEC, 2010.
Use reported: 6 countries
Primary drug of use: 2 (Lao PDR and Thailand)
Increasing: 5 (China, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar and Viet Nam)
Stable: 1 (Thailand)
Methamphetamine pill use
Source: DAINAP
010,000,00020,000,00030,000,00040,000,00050,000,00060,000,00070,000,00080,000,00090,000,000
100,000,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Seiz
ures
(pill
s)
Source: DAINAP
• 2009: Total seizures 94.2 million pills • 2008-2009: Seizures increased three-fold (32 million pills)
Source: DAINAP
Methamphetamine pill seizure (2004-2009)
Use reported: 11 countries
Primary drug: Japan, Rep. of Korea, Philippines
Increasing: 8 China, Indonesia, Japan,Republic of Korea, Malaysia,Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam
Decreasing: 2 Australia, Brunei Darussalam
Stable: 1 New Zealand
Crystalline methamphetamine use
Source: DAINAP
• 2009: Total seizures 6.1 metric tons • 2008-2009: Seizures decreased 27% (8.3 metric tons)
Note: Seizures from Australia and New Zealand are not included.* 2009 data are preliminary and will be revised (likely increase).
Source: DAINAP
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
Seiz
ures
(kg)
Crystalline meth seizures (2004-2009)
Use reported by: 10 countries
Increasing: 3 (Brunei, China and Viet Nam)
Decreasing: 5 (Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and Thailand)
Stable: 2 (New Zealand and Malaysia)
Source: DAINAP
Ecstasy use
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
Seiz
ures
(pill
s)
2009: Total seizures 1.6 million2008-2009: Seizures decreased 50%
Ecstasy pill seizure (2004-2009)
Source: DAINAP
Structure
1. Overview of drug trends in East and Southeast Asia
2. ATS trends in East and Southeast Asia
3. Key points
Total treatment admissions in Thailand 2004-2009
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Num
ber of adm
ission
s
Methamphetamine
Total
1. Demand in Thailand continues to increase
Source: DAINAP
2. Spill-over of drugs from Golden Triangle
Source: 2008 ATS Assessment; Global ATS Workshop 2009; CCDAC
Methamphetamine pills
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
●
Ecstasy
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
●
Crystalline methamphetamine
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
● ● ● ●
Methamphetamine pills
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
5 2 2 4 4 3
Ecstasy
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
4 3 3 ● 4 3
Crystalline methamphetamine
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
● ● ● ● 4 3
3. ATS gaining momentum in Viet Nam
Source: DAINAP
4. Crystalline meth: availability increase in GMS
2008 2009
Cambodia ● ●
China
Lao PDR ● ●
Myanmar ● ●
Thailand
Viet Nam
2008 2009
Cambodia 1.9 4.6
China 5,863.0 2,518.0
Lao PDR ● ●
Myanmar 14.4 124.0
Thailand 52.9 209.0
Viet Nam ● 3.9
Source: DAINAP
Methamphetamine pills
Brunei Cambodia China Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam
● 1 2 ● 1 ● 3 ● ● 1 3
Ecstasy
Brunei Cambodia China Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam
5 ● 3 3 ● 7 ● ● 8 9 3
Crystalline methamphetamine
Brunei Cambodia China Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam
2 ● 2 2 ● 3 ● 1 3 7 3
5. ATS now rank in top 3 drugs in the region
Source: DAINAP
Sources: Cambodia, China and Indonesia country presentations, Global SMART Programme, July 2009, Bangkok.
6. Shift in clandestine manufacturing of ATS
• Increasing TOC activity related to ATS
• West Africa, Iran and ethnic Chinese
• Recruitment of local couriers
7. TOC groups involvement in trafficking
8. Diverted pharmaceutical preparation
Source: ONCB; Global SMART Programme, 2009; CCDAC
• Cambodia - SRO seizures
• Australia – SRO extraction
• Indonesia – Seizure of clan lab that produced MDMA
9. Ecstasy production in the region
Thank you
