OVERVIEW OF EMERGENCY PLANNING

Michael Philbin

Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency

400 Worcester Road

Framingham, Ma.

(508) 820-2000

www.magnet.state.ma.us/mema

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“The Plan is nothing, planning is everything”D. Eisenhower

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•The planning process is critical: sharing information.•Establish relationships needed in times of emergency.•Amendments to 1950 Civil Defense Act in 1980s authorized all natural and technological hazard planning.•E.O. 242 1984 specified Comprehensive Emergency Management Plans.

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MASSACHUSETTS EMERGENCYMANAGEMENT TEAM (MEMT)

MGL Chapter 639 - Massachusetts Civil Defense Statute Executive Order 144 - Required all Commonwealth

Agencies to prepare for emergencies and disasters, and to provide emergency liaisons to MEMA for coordinating resources, training and operations

Emergency Liaisons make up the MEMT MEMT train together, at least, monthly

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MEMA EMERGENCY LEVELSLEVEL 1: Day-to-Day Emergency. Local response capability

can handle situation. No state assistance required. Situation monitored by State.

LEVEL 2: Minor Emergency. Situation intensifies. Some state assistance may be required. EOPS/ Governor’s Office notified.

LEVEL 3: Major Emergency. Local response capabilities inadequate. Situation requires state response EOC activated. Governor declares State of Emergency.

LEVEL 4: Catastrophic Emergency. Widespread threats to public safety exist. Large scale State and Federal response and recovery assistance required.

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MASSACHUSETTS EMERGENCYSUPPORT FUNCTIONS

ESF 1 - Transportation

ESF 2 - Communications

ESF 3 - Public Works & Engineering

ESF 4 - Firefighting

ESF 5 - Information &

Planning

ESF 6 - Mass Care

ESF 7 - Resource Support

ESF 8 - Health & Medical

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ESF 9 - Search & Rescue

ESF 10 - Hazardous Materials & Environmental

ESF 11 - Food & Water

ESF 12 - Energy

ESF 13 - Military Support

ESF 14 - Public Information

ESF 15 - Volunteers

ESF 16 - Law Enforcement

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Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan(CEM)

CEM Plan is the basic All-Hazard plan for 351 MA municipalities.

CEM Covers:

Earthquake

Flooding

Hurricane

Dam Failure

Radiological

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Civil disturbance:

Tornado

Winter Storm

Hazardous Materials

Terrorism

Risk Analysis

MEMA developed a Risk Analysis for the state and municipalities.

Results factored into CEM plan.

Most common results for MA:*

Flood Hurricane

Snow HAZMAT

Tornado

* Rank order varies from place to place

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Four Phases of Emergency Management in CEM Plan

Mitigation: Prevention or lessening repeated impacts Preparedness: Maintaining, improving plans. Training &

Exercising plans. Response: Coordination and managing emergency

response. Recovery: Damage Assessment. Restoring damage to

pre-disaster condition. Decontamination.

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CEM Defines Roles & Responsibilities of Local, State, Federal, and Private Relief Agencies

Chief elected officials & Admin. Emergency Management-EOC

Police Department Communications

Fire department Transportation

Highway/Public Works Public Information

Health & Medical Shelter

Emergency Medical Services Evacuation/traffic control

Schools

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SPECIAL NEEDS FACILITIES:

Nursing homes Group homes

Elderly housing Hospitals

Licensed day care centers Jails & Prisons

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Public water, utilities, fuel, pharmacies etc.

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TERRORISM INCIDENT RESPONSE PLAN

(CEM)

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PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS A terrorist incident may occur at any time with little or no warning

The incident may include secondary or multiple devices. The devices

may be intended to injure responders, impede response actions, ordivert attention and resources from other activities.

Terrorists may employ, or threaten to employ, WMD.

The FBI, FEMA and other federal government agencies will become involved; however, their response may be delayed. Local and state agencies must be prepared to respond to the situation for at least 24 hours without significant levels of federal assistance.

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CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS Terrorism is federal issue, and is defined as “the implied or unlawful use of violence, committed by a group of two or more individuals against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or social objectives”. (Combating Terrorism: Federal Agencies’ Efforts to Implement National Policy and Strategy. GAO. September 1997).

In June 1995 the White House issued presidential Decision Directive 39 (PDD-39), “United States Policy on Counterterrorism”. This policy directed measures to reduce the Nation’s vulnerability to terrorism, to deter and respond to terrorist acts, and improve capabilities to prevent and manage the consequences of terrorist use of NBC weapons and WMD.

To support PDD-39, FEMA added the “Terrorism Incident Annex” to the Federal Response Plan (FRP). In this annex, FEMA addressed crisis management and consequence management and some basic policies concerning counterterrorism responsibility (Figure 2).

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CRISIS MANAGEMENT Crisis Management, as defined by the Department of Justice and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is composed of “Measures to resolve the hostile situation, investigate, and prepare a criminal case for prosecution under Federal Law.”

Crisis Management includes measures to identify, acquire, and plan the use of resources needed to anticipate, prevent, and/or resolves threat or act of terrorism. It is predominantly a law enforcement response.

Crisis Management is a federal government responsibility as outlined in Presidential Decision Directive 39 (PDD-39). Specifically, the Department of Justice has responsibility for counterterrorism. For threats or acts of terrorism in the United States, authority is delegated to the FBI in order to resolve all terrorist incidents involving employment or WMD and provide assistance as required. Local and state consequence management agencies requested by the FBI and notified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will provide liaison to advise on decisions which may have implications for consequence management and to provide continuity if a federal consequence management response becomes necessary.

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CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT Consequence Management includes measures to protect public health and safety, restore essential government services, and provide emergency relief to governments, businesses, and individuals affected by the consequeces of terrorism.

In order to prepare for potential terrorist incidents in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts:

a. Each municipality should assess the local terrorist threats, determine their vulnerability to terrorist attack, and obtain or deploy resources accordingly.

b. MEMA will work with other state and federal agencies to assess terrorist threats and vulnerabilities for the state. When local authrities responsible for counterterrorism planning request, MEMA will provide advice on local threat and vulnerability assessments.

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CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT

During responses to and recovery from incidents which involve terrorist use of WMD, local and state agencies must:

a. Contact MEMA and prepare to conduct and support extended

operations.

b. Use local resources and activate mutual assistance agreements to

contain the situation, protect the population, care for the ill and

injured, control possible contamination, and prevent harm to

community infrastructure, private property, or the environment.

c. Employ the Incident Command System to control operations and

smooth integration of all responding forces.

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Emergency Management Guide for Business & Industry

May be modified for most workplaces.

Four Step planning process:

1. Establish Planning Team

2. Analyze capabilities and hazards

3. Develop the plan

4. Implement the plan

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FEAR

Information and communication are the best antidote available without prescription.

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